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Nowadays, when the amount of exhaustible energy resources in the world are reducing and their prices are increasing proportionately , mankind tries to find alternative sources of energy. Use of solar radiation has huge potential in th e future. Already today, the sunlight is transformed into heat or electric energy. For the conversion of solar energy into electricity we are using photovoltic cells. The Slovak Republic is in the use of photovoltaic systems on the tail in the Euro pean Union. Electricity produced by...

The shape and geometry of bucket edge, edge and tooth material have a key influence on wheel excavator mining processes efficien cy and power consumption. The frequent change of cutting members due to their wear or break in increases mining process costs, shortens excavator operation time which mean s lower efficiency of the technological complex (TC). Every wear means a change of shape, geometry, eventually material properties of cutting members, but the incr eased power consumption of the mining process as well....

Conception of information society can be viewed as using of information and communication Technologies that are sign ificant phenomenon of present economy, since they remove geographical boundaries and they support process of economy globalization and international cooperation. Most mature countries are striving deliberately to use advantages of info rmation and communication Technologies for acceleration of development of society, ec onomy and quality of the inhabitants live. Government of Slovak republic declare...

The article deals with the de termination of the basic inte gral characteristics of the objects as are the volume, mass, centre of gr avity and the moment of inertia. The article mentions the problems, which originate at the calculation of these characteristics for the parts with difficult shapes. The utilization of CAD/CAM is one of the possibilities which can be used at the solution of this problem. The specification of these characteristics is necessary at the sugges tion or dimensioning of machine parts and al...

The greatest quantities of waste represent on e of the most acute problems faced by big cities. The huge amounts of household produced by the population, office and small enterprises which provide various services to the population need to be processed in special plants. After this kind of processed it intend to obtained raw materials for manufactured industries and the organic waste will be transformed in compost for agriculture or in methane gas if we have an specifically installation. Such material will be proc...

Natural disasters, such as earthquakes, hu rricanes, flash floods, volcanic eruptions and landslides have always cons tituted a major problem in many developing and developed countries. Flood disaster has very special place in natural hazards and is considered as a major natural hazard due to its devastating effects on the affected area. Its effected area is not bounded; it is an unusual event of river basin. Flood related problems and many other applications proved that these problems could be solved through plan...

Western Anatolia in Turkey is one of the areas in which the earth`s continental crust has been rapidly deformed. The dominant system is a graben system in western part of the Anatolia. There are various suggestions about the type of the deformation, the amount of extension and the formation of grabens. The regional tectonic structures of western Anatolia is characterized by strike-slip and normal fault zones. Tuzla fault zone, in Izmir in Western Anatolia, is one of the most important of them. The seismic activity...

Kosova has a significant resources of coal-lig nite, that is the mo st important energy resource, which supplies about 98% of total electricity production. During the process of electricity generati on amount existing plants release enormous quantity of ash, CO 2, NOx and SO 2.These discounts have impact in the air and water, and as well affecting the health of the population. The number of residents in the Obiliq Municipality and suburb is increasing with cancer an disease respiratory and ch ronic diseases. This ...

During mining activities, as a result of removal of inert materials for unfolding layers of lignite, has resulted into covering and degradation of large areas of land. This inert material is now distributed in some areas, in the form of landfill, often referred to as wastelands or dump tuck, and occupied this area: Folding Lismir – Kuzmin 780 ha, folding Shipitullë – 136 ha, folding deep Lugu 437 ha, folding Vasilevo 157 ha, folding Palaj 49 ha. From the above data results that the degraded land from wastelan...

Forecast of international experts shows that by the end of the first quarter of this century there will be about 20-30% less copper produced from natural resources in relation to consumption (needs) in the world. Therefore, it is planned to compensate for the lack of processing of raw materials with recycling of technogene waste, which contains copper. In this respect the planned implementation of this process (technological process) has a special significance, especially as the processi ng of these raw materials,...

An analysis of climatic and social-economic conditions of territory of Tomsk oblast was used to study environmental management risk connected with change of conditions of modern ecological system.

The economic development includes the macro approach to all economic fields. The important economic tools are those wh ich lead economic subjects through the internationalization of th e living environment and costs of natural resources exploitation. Since the economic development is only one part of the overall economic development, the future economic growth cannot be imagined without the ecological protection and environmental reproduction.

The main objective of geochemical mapping is to recognize the promising areas for the semi-detailed exploration in next steps of geochemical exploration. To reach the goal the thresholds value of each interested elem ent within the geochemical sample should be determined at the prelimin ary step. At the present article , it is attempted to use the raw geochemical data after pre-processing to distinguish the prom ising area within the Khusf 1:50000 sheets which is located at 35 km west of Birjand at the south khora...

Structure of the mathematical model of underground coal gasification process in terms of material and energy (heat) balance is presented in this paper. Base inputs of gasification process are coal (coal model) and oxidant (a mixture of oxygen and air), which appropriate combination has to ensure the best possible conditions for the gasification process. The expected energy output from coal gasification process is a synthetic gas - syngas. Components such as ash, tar and unburned coal are side outputs of the proces...

Significant economic mineralizations of Kosova territory are hydrothermal deposits of Pb-Zn. These deposits are located mainly in northern and eastern part of Kosovo, the so- called Trepca ore belt, which has a longitudinal stretch about 80 km and consists of a number of mineralized deposits and occurrences. In the geological context, this ore belt is part of the Vardar zone and associated with volcanic and sub volcanic rocks. Most of these deposits are located in the sequences carbonate and other rocks of differe...

The bauxite is not processed through the usua l processes of ore en richment because of the mineralogical composition and structure, the intergrowths of minerals being very fine. Mineralogical characterization is very important to choose the method of extracting alumina from bauxite. This paper presents the mineralogical st udy of a hydrargyllitic bauxite from Sierra Leone and of the red mud resulted after extraction of alumina by Bayer method. The mineralogical characterization of red mud is needed to choose the ...

Many researches have been carried out in field of “Roof rock behavior in coal mines", most of them concentrated on mines devel opment networks; but a less attention have been paid to assessment and classification of roof strata behavior over long wall coal mining panels. In this paper, It has been a ttentioned to roof strata behavior over long wall coal mining panels in East Alborz coal mines. Intens ive field work and laboratory analyses that discuses the influence of various parameters on roof rock behavior of...

One of the most characteristic features of the processes in the area of mining and processing of earth resources is their comple xity. The modern methods of investigation, monitoring and control of these processes utilize approaches ba sed upon modeling of the processes. In this paper we will focu s only on the dynamical processes, where the mathematical models are diffe rential equations. As it results from the last research works, majority of the real objects in ge neral are fractional-order systems. Fractional-...

The aim of paper is information about a complex model for computation a surface runoff as an ArcGIS geoprocessing tool. Th e formulated LOREP model represents an application for the identification and loca lization of areas with low flood storage capability. The procedure of computation of te rritorial specific surface runoff is based on a combination of specific functions in LOREP as hydrological equations of the runoff curve number method and spatially distributed unit hydrographs. Model involves a transformatio...

The landscape structure, its components and their developments are possible to monitor from several, mutually complementary aspect s: arrangement of gradients (abiotic and biotic) across the territory without signifi cant and sharp boundaries; arrangement of areas in the mosaic of the landscape; network of areas and corridors; system of boundaries and rims in the landscape mosaic [1]. The investigation into ecotones enabled a better understanding of the causal relationships between certain landscape elements, land...

The increasing environmental impact from the construction becomes a serious problem that can cause significant damage, not only to ecosystems but also to the health and wellbeing of field workers and nearby resident s of construction sites. Therefore, is necessary to approach and continuous effort within the industry in order to achieve the objectives sustainable constr uction and reducing of the environmental impacts of construction. A recent study shows that construction is the third largest industry sector in t...

Monitoring of environmental components, in relation to changes in global biochemical cycles and the presence of their deposition, is one of the world`s most attractive areas of research. This area plays an important role in the sphere of crisis management. One of the dominant components of the environment is water, in all states, especially in forms of snow and ice. Monitoring of weight and height of snow deposition concentrations is the main task of research projects of envi ronmental, geographical and technical ...

During 2008/10 we have investigated the cowslip (Primula veris L.) populations in different habitats across Kosovo in order to find morphological differences and genetic resources. We have found that this species in Kosovo is distributed in different altitudes, from 700 m (Mramor) up to 2000 m (Albanian Alps). We have observed more than 16 8 localities, in which cowslip was present. Largest populations were found in Albanian Alps, in Sharri Mountains and in the Shala region (Northern Kosovo). For investigated para...

The importance of understanding seismic waves and measurement waves has gravitated form the seismic prediction to training electromagnetic propagation. Seismic electromagnetic waves may be useful in shor t-term earthquake prediction. It was found our observation system is influenced by lightni ng as far away as about hundreds km in the VLF and LF range. It is found that the increase in the number of LF and VLF electromagnetic pulses before earthquakes were generated by lightning. Some researches show that there is...

Coal mining is connected with many burdens, which affect mostly the safety of mining. One of the most serious problems is exhalation of methane to the mine air. This Paper describes methods used for degassing in Czech Republic’s underground coal mines. Authors deal with new options and new trends in mainta ining security by the means of degassing drill holes. There are two main methods Czech Republic used to prevent accumulation of the Methane gas in gaseous mines. The first method is sufficiently effective vent...

During the research of flora and vegetation of Sharri Mountains we have found five new taxons for Kosovo’s flora. As part of the Sharri Mountains we have also researched Mushtisht Mountain which occupied the northeas tern part of the Sharri Mountains and range in altitude 480 - 2092 m (Maja Pashallare). These terrains are rich with rare endemic and relict species to the Balkans and that species have been preserved very well especially at the valley of the Rusenica. During research the Mushtisht Mountain flora’...

The main topic of the article is mineralogical research in the North Bohemian Brown Coal Basin. This work summarises new knowledge for the 2002 – 2009 period, five new minerals were identified in the basin in the interval: anorthite, esseneite, ferrierite, melilite, and srebrodolskite. The second object of the article is the situation of important localities of the Krušné Hory Mountains. Main attention is devoted to a newly discovered amethyst locality Černý Potok.

Complex uranium ores of Kazakhstan are a potential raw source of gold and RRE, for example, scandium. Experime ntal researches on opening of ores various leaching systems are spent. It is shown, that uran ium accompanying metals can be extracted in solutions.

The crack propagation mechanism of rocks under tensile and compressive loading conditions has been investigated. A higher order indirect boundary element method using special crack tip elements has been used to solve the various example problems in rock fracture mechanics. It is concluded that the brittle rocks fail due to the mixed mode fracture propagation under both tensile and compressive loading conditions. The micro- cracks are initiated due to tens ile or tensile and shear under tensile loadings and due to ...

Analysis of the horizontal strains of the ground subsidence due to underground excavation in rock can be accomplished by a hybridized higher order indirect boundary element/ finite difference (BE/FD) formulation. The higher order displacement discontinuity field is obtai ned by using the quadratic displacement discontinuity elements (i.e each higher order element is divided into three sub-elements bearing a quadratic variation of displ acement discontinuities). Then th e classic finite difference formulation (i.e....

Oil composition at the late stage of field development is determined by both natural and anthropogenic factors. Change in compositi on and physical-and-chemical properties of oil could be considered significant in several ways. This is due to both changes in the interaction of oil and injected agents, and involvement of the reserves not yet developed. The most sensitive, quickly a nd accurately determined parameters are optical characteristics of oil, and namely the coefficient of light absorption. It depends on t...

Dyeing of polyester fabric is carryng out in slightly acidic me dium; the dyebath pH value is adjusted to 4.5 – 5.5, which resu lts in the huge amount of acidic industrial wastewater. In this paper, dyeing of polyest er knitwear with four disperse dyes in the pH range 4.5 – 7, in order to reduce the amount of acid used in the dyeing process, was investigated. Colour differences between the samples dyed at pH 6.0 and 7.0 and one dyed at pH 4.5 were asseessed using the technique of reflectiometry and expressed i...

The aim of this study is to investigate the organic facies characteristics of the Miocene Units in Northern Manavgat (Antalya), Tu rkey. The study area is located in the Western–Central section of the Taurus Belt. Miocene units mainly consist of three formations which are Upper Burdigalian–Langhian Oymap ınar Limestone, Langhian Geceleme Formation and Serravallian–Torto nian Karpuzçay Form ation. The Units consist of sandstone, siltstone, claystone , limestone, clayey limestone and reef limestone. Total or...

This paper discusses the practical implementation of terrestrial laser scanning for ovalisation measurements of newly built concrete railway tunnels. Also an accuracy assessment is performed and then an overview of the measured deviations is given. This research is based on the ovalisation m onitoring of concrete railway tunnels for the first projects of this kind in Belgium. Thes e tunnels are measured with laser scanning during the first three months after construc tion. For all measurements, the concrete surfac...

The studied area is situated about 70 Km in west of Damghan, and from the structural point of view, the area is part of south of central Alborz zone. Granitoid bodies intruded into late Eocene volcanic and volcanoclastic, mainly composed of monzonite and granite composition. Mineralogically, these rocks contain qua rtz, plagioclase, alkali- feldspare, amphibole, clinopyr oxene, biotite, zircon, apatite, and opaque minerals. Textures of rocks are microgranular and fi eld and textural evidences show that the plutone...

Lignite is one of the minerals which have impacted largely the development and technological revolution of human society. Du ring the coal use, there are mineralogical remains in the form of ashes, which have different physical, chemical, mineralogical and morphological properties, which largel y depend on the type of coal used, and technology in its combustion. This type of ashe s is presented in thermal power plants in the form of dust or fly ash and inorganic remains, which are separated from the process by dif...

In this paper, we want to check the quality of the drinking water in Kochani (in 2008). Our goal is to determine its chemical su itability. During one year (2008), we have analyzed 48 samples of crude water taken from springs, 44 samples of water taken right before its entering into the factory, 29 samp les of water taken right after its exiting of the factory and 262 samples taken from the water supply network in 5 randomly chosen places.

Leakages from underground storage tanks and accidental spills have led to contamination of soils and groundwater with organic solvents. Bio-monitoring (phyto- monitoring) uses plant tissue concentrations of organic pollutants in deep-rooted species of trees for low-cost assessment of the groundwater concentrations. Disadvantages of this approach include the limite d number of said tree species in the contaminated area, and the limited number of core samples that can be taken from a single tree before it dies. A so...

It is shown by experience that direct double integration of strong motion data with the aim of generating earthquake displacement records usually leads to unrealistic values of residual displacements even for earthquake s with moderate magnitudes or at far epicentral distances. The appearance of veloc ity and displacement records suggests that changes in the zero level of acceleration are responsible for these drifts. Therefore, in order to calculate real displacements, baseline correction seems consequential. Thi...

The theme that will be considered in this paper derives from the cultural debates in many areas of the South Italy because it is necessary and urgent to establish new protected areas. The context of the analysis is expanded compared to the issues of the parks’ planning, structured on a prelimin ary economic analysis about the nature’s protection that without the financial support and activism of the involved people risk to transform parks into natural containers not in line with the current standards and with ...

Nowadays some novelties on computer technology and new softwares have exposed “modern cartography” term. Generally all existing data are recorded digital areas. At the study, raster /vector data transformations, obtaining of digital data, and evaluating and analyzing of new methods have been discussed and exemplified in detail. At the result, outcomes and suggestions of the applications will be illustrated.

Recovery of gold and other valuable metals from electronic scrap involves a complex metallurgical flow sheet and requires state- of-the-art recovery technologies that are available in large-scal e, integrated smelter-refinery opera tions. At the end of their use, electronic and other el ectrical product scrap offer an important recycling potential for the secondary supply of gold and silver into the market. With gold concentrations reaching 200-250 g/t for computer circuit boards, this scrap is an ‘urban mine’...

The enhanced oxidation of su lphide minerals by mini ng activities is a worldwide problem of significant environmental interest because of leading to the generation of Acid Mine Drainage (AMD). These waters e xhibit very different chemical and physical properties depending on their origin and the geochemical nature of the site of exploitation. Low pH, high concentration of sulphates and various heavy metals cause their deleterious effect on the environmen t. Treatment methods to address AMD are focused on neutrali...

The paper presents the main factories which determine the environment pollution at hot dip galvanization process of steel sheet and developing of recycling technologies of zinc by-product, with a view to recovering metal zinc or different sub- products, and returning them in the production cycle. By th e recycling of zinc by- products the prime material consumption is reduced and enviro nmental protection is improved. Industrial wastes generated in the hot dip galvanization pr ocess of steel sheet are: zinc ash, d...

The aim of this paper consists in highlighting the feasible technical solution in a real situation, namely to achieve the consolid ation of the road accessing the monitoring block from Obrejii-of-CДѓpГўlna dam. As a consequence of the landslides occurred on the left flank, between the intersection with national road DN 67C and Podu Vacii point, at about 50 - 60 m downstream the dam, it was proposed the narrowing of the access road platform, to the surveillan ce and control block of the dam, on 20 - 30 m length. Ac...

Ever increasing industrialization has b een an important factor causing many environmental problems. Man made inputs asso ciated with industrial practices; mineral exploration, industrial processes and solid wa ste management contribute to heavy metal contamination of natural ecosystem. Nickel is one of the heavy metals that are present in industrial water from traces to very high quantity. Extraction of Ni 2+ from the effluents using flyash depends on various parameters such as pH, quantity of fly ash and sorptio...

Self-ignition processes are a serious probl em in brown coal mining and depositing. Infusions and following fires are frequent events in open pit brown coal mines with seams influenced with previous underg round mining, homogenisation and other deposits, and on stock-piles of power and heat stations and industrial plants combusting coals as well. The objectives of the project from the ALFA programme No. TA01020351 are presented in this article. The project solves a research, development, and verification of a comp...

This paper represents results of measuring of sedimentary dust at two locations. One location is at SM where installed is old fa shioned technology for limestone processing. The other location is „Kota“ near Vareš, where installed is contemporary technology for limestone and spilite processing with application of BAT (the best available technique), and is a property of company „BBM Vareš“ d.o.o. from Vareš. Measurements confirmed that during limestone processing wh ere old fashioned technology is instal...