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The analytical results for the concentration of about 50 elements in magnetic fractions, obtained by wet low intensity magnetic separation of fly ashes from six coal burning power plants in Bulgaria, have been compared to the data previously reported [1] for the initial fly ashes. It has been found that the total content of heavy and toxic elements in magnetic fractions is lower than that in the source materials. The concentrations of Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, and, in some ashes, of V and Cu are almost proportional to the c...

This study was conducted to analyze concentrations of heavy metals in plants and soils of barley fields which were growing around of Konya city (Central Anatolia, Turkey). The samples of plants and soils were collected from different areas of two directions (North and South) and two distances (0 and 50 km) of the city. The samples of plants were analyzed for heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni) measured by ICP-OES. The samples of soils were also analyzed for basic chemical properties (pH, humus and carbonate contents...

This study was conducted to analyze concentrations of heavy metals in plants and soils of barley fields standing along main roads of Konya city (Central Anatolia, Turkey). The samples of plants and soils were collected from different areas of two distances (0 and 1 km) of main roads and analyzed for heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni) measured by ICP-OES. The samples of soils were also analyzed for basic chemical properties (pH, humus and carbonate contents). The results revealed a large variability within the nearn...

Reconstruction of climate change in Central Asia over the last millennium with an annual resolution was made using geochemical and biological proxy in lake bottom sediments and tree-ring data. We investigated the lake in Central Asia- Teletskoe (Altai), Kucherla (Altai), Baikal, Arahlei (Chita) - and adjacent areas. Cores of bottom sediments were investigated by method of scanning X-ray fluorescent analysis with synchrotron radiation with the spatial resolution of 0.1 mm. It corresponds to the time resolution 0.2-...

The paper presents study of hydrologic drought in the period of low flows for the region of Toplica river in the central South of Serbia. Seven gauge stations from the Republic of Serbia Hydro-Meteorological Service (RHMZS) Surface Water Observation Network serve the studied region. These gauge stations represent river basins with the area range 180-2083 km2. Gauge stations are functional for 47 to 56 years. A review of available drought analysis is given, with focus on the studied region. Temporal and spatial var...

In connection with high basicity requirements for current agglomerates it is necessary to keep their iron content. This requirement can be met by increasing the content of concentrates in sinter mixtures. It is important to clarify the limit of the concentrate addition or volume in current sinter charges. For this purpose in view laboratory sintering tests were performed to investigate the effect of sintering ores and concentrates on the agglomeration process and its products. The main charge components were mixed...

As a growing trend in the world, internet-based research occupies our daily life of people. The usage of the internet of students has increased dramatically in recent years. Internet usage has become an important part of student life. As it is well-known, internet usage includes emailing, receiving information, searching a specific topic, gaming, watching pornographic pictures, shopping, downloading, communicating, and having new friends and so on. The aim of this research is to examine the relationship between pe...

The X-ray electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) technique is developed for cassiterites and minerals of Ta and Nb. The phase and chemical composition of rare metal pegmatite cassiterites of the East Sayan Belt and their inclusions of Ta and Nb minerals were studied using the EPMA technique. The results of cassiterite investigations showed, that niobium and tantalum are contained both in isomorphous form, substituting the tin in the matrix of mineral and as mineral inclusions of columbitetantalites. The distribution ...

Waste deposing is the most important problems for a sustainable development of our societies. In this paper is shown some models, for determinate the exploitation with optimum fees of the waste deposing on the landfill. The model take in account local condition of warehousing, the existing of sorting technology, technical and managerial abilities in waste management, the support for an efficient strategy in regard to tariffs, billing and bills collections. The overall objective is to develop the necessary infrastr...

Lead (Pb) mobility in soils and hence its availability for plant uptake may be influenced by several soil properties, some of which are modified by sludge application. It is therefore imperative to understand how these modified properties affect Pb concentrations in different geochemical fractions of sludge-amended soils. Vertisols are common in arid- and semi-arid areas and are used extensively for agriculture. This study aimed at determining the relationship between selected soil properties (pH, organic matter (...

The greatest reserves of hydrocarbons on the territory of the Siberian platform confine to the Vendian terrigenous collectors. The paper is dedicated to the analysis of the lithological factors, influenced the formation of these reservoirs. The void space of the sandstones was examined on the basis of the detailed petrographic and electron microscopic studies. The analysis of dependencies of the filtration-capacity properties and the structural and material characteristics carried out. Established that the sedimen...

The tectonics of the Turkey is dominated by the collision between the Arabian and Eurasian plates. In this collision, the Bitlis Zagros Suture Zone is the most prominent tectonic structure. There exist metamorphics of the accretionary prism. Tectonic forces of the study area can be effective on thermal structure and mantle flow. Particularly in such areas, the magnetic anomaly is imposed by the thermal zone. For this purpose in this study, by investigating aeromagnetic anomaly of the Bitlis Zagros Suture Zone, we ...

The main goal of a small scale stream sediments geochemical survey is to identify the promising areas for the further exploration in next steps of geochemical exploration. To achieve the target the thresholds value of each interested element within the geochemical sample must be specified at the first step. In this research it is attempted to use the raw geochemical data after pre-processing to delineate the anomalous area within the Khusf 1:50000 sheets which is located at 35 km west of Birjand at the south khora...

Research presented in this paper is a part of our ongoing work on GeoNis framework. GeoNis is framework for interoperability of GIS applications in local community environment. In this paper we introduce an approach for automatic generation of objectoriented model for handling ontology instances stored in relational databases. Central part of this approach is an algorithm that transforms application ontologies into appropriate object-oriented model. Using this approach we have developed a Data Access Layer Generat...

The industrial importance of calcium carbonate as a filler in composite materials such as plastics, textiles, rubbers, paints, pigments and paper is well recognized and the application in the polymer industry is increasing. Therefore, surface modification is a key process in functional calcium carbonate powder preperation. In this study, surface modification of calcium carbonate particles, obtained NiДџde region, using sodium stearate (SDS) and sodium oleate (SO) as modification agents incorporated with the simult...

The native gold containing high silver, extracted from gold bulk of few kilograms, was comprehensively researched. The studied through the optical microscope gold samples seem homogeneous and their fineness varies from 200 to 500 ppm. The fineness deviates from the mean value about В±20-30 ppm, however zonation is not observed. When the gold samples were dissolved in nitric acid, only silver was released into solution and gold remained in the insoluble remainder as the spongy-porous skeleton, consisting of pure go...

Alternative toxicological tests (microbiotests) are those that reduce the number of animals in a toxicity test, refine procedures to make them less painful or stressful, replace animals with non-animal systems, or replace one animal species with another that is lower on the phylogenetic scale. A number of useful alternative methods have been developed and accepted for the evaluation of the potential toxic effects of chemicals products and environment samples. The literature analysis concerning the use of microbiot...

Middle and Upper Jurassic deposits from the area of Piatra Craiului are part of the Piatra Craiului Formation [5] and are made up of deep facies appearing at the surface, especially on the western side of the massif. On the eastern side, these facies appear sporadically, thinned due to tectonic effects. Also, they may be accompanied aby lowdepth carbonatic facies corresponding to the shelf. Lithologically, it is possible to highlight microconglomerates, quartzitic gritstones, silts, reef limestone, brown-reddish l...

The Yarpuz (Kakliktas) bauxite deposit is located in Antalya region southern Turkey; 35 km to the south of Seydisehir and 180 km to the north of Antalya. It is one of the bauxite deposits with the highest silica modulus (Al2O3\%60.26 /SiO2\%1.74=34.63) outcropping in the Central Taurus Mountains. The Upper Cretaceous Katrangedigi formation forms the basement and, comprises carbonate rocks. The bauxites were deposited in the paleo-karstic depressions developed at the upper part of the KatrangediДџi carbonate and, w...

The mineralogical and technological study of gold ores and dressing products demonstrate the persistence of both the ores and products of their dressing, especially Floatation concentrates. The gold loss in the tails of Floatation beneficiation are primarily associated with the smallest size fractions less than 20 microns, which make up to 70\% of the total lost gold in the Floatation tails. It is obvious that increasing the extraction of gold by Floatation is directly linked to the development of the technologica...

With contemporary development of computer techniques has been enabled execution of work by GPS satellite system in mining operations which GPS system serves for collection of data related with mining operations and explosive storage facilities. Today, these computers are part of standard equipments in the most part of mining operations. These systems offer a possibility of connection with tachograph, readers interested in the data of mining operations, measurement of coordinates by handheld GPS, transfer of data i...

The test network of geodetic base is located at the territory of the park Jelenovac in Zagreb. The test area is rather unstable and suspected of ground subsidence. The geodetic base has therefore been renewed and established for the purpose of monitoring and analysing vertical movements of the geodetic control network. The state of the existing geodetic control points has been recorded and damaged points have been renewed, and destroyed points stabilized anew. The stabilization of points has been made on concrete ...

Specific statistical methods can be used when monitor the degree of water pollution in a target zone. The purpose of usage of time series properties is to understand the driving forces and structures that produce the observed data and to fit the data into a model and proceeds them to forecasting, monitoring or even feed back and feed forward control. The essential difference between modelling data via time series methods and using the process monitoring methods is that in time series analysis the data points taken...

The Act on protection and conservation of cultural goods has been in force in the Republic of Croatia since 1999. It defines types of cultural goods and measures for their protection and conservation. The main authority for protection and conservation of cultural goods is the Ministry of Culture. This paper will describe geodetic works on saving a protected cultural monument. Results of the analysis of movement measurements over a longer time period will give insight into the real conditions and enable experts to ...

A new practice has started to be implemented in Kosovo, in this south-eastern region of Europe, and it is 24-hour monitoring of vehicles and facilities with strategy for the development of mines in Kosovo with the help of GPS system. These vehicles and static facilities (the explosive storage) have a sophisticated system, which enables a precise monitoring of movements in and around them. Global Positioning System (GPS) currently presents the greatest achievements and application in the communication technology. B...

Floods are river basin wide phenomena and they often create common problems with locally varying intensity. The flood disaster management is highly dependent on early information and needs forecasts and data from the river basin as a whole. The starting point for flood risk management planning is the assessment of flood risks, based on the information about the river basin and floods in the past. The next step is developing strategies for reaction when flooding events are prognosticated, and evaluation of these st...

In process of pig iron production besides main product, pig iron, also secondary products are formed, that have character of secondary raw materials and industrial wastes. The most abundant secondary product originating in the process of pig iron production, is blast furnace slag, its occurrence is about 300 to 500 kg for one ton of pig iron. Blast furnace slag originates from melting of gangue parts of metal bearing materials, slag forming additions and coke ash. Its chemical, mineralogical and physical – chemi...

The demands of the Romanian contemporary society are indissolubly related to the rapid development and modernization of the infrastructure. At the same time, the scientific research is moving towards the new directions imposed by an increasingly dynamic society and economy. In this context, inter- and trans-disciplinarity are required by the need to prepare new types of approaches, methods, techniques and technologies, to be able to answer the social and environmental impact produced and molded by the infrastructu...

In this study, a singularly perturbed convection-dominated diffusion equation is solved by using a non-polynomial spline method. An example is solved to assess the accuracy of the method. The numerical results are obtained for different perturbed values ($\epsilon$ ) of equation. The results indicate that non-polynomial spline method is effectively implemented. It is seen that results are compatible with exact solutions and consistent with other existing numerical methods.

In this paper, we have discussed a third-degree non-polynomial spline solution for the numerical solution to nonlinear boundary value problems (BVPs) and compare other metods. Two numerical examples are given to illustrate the efficiency and performance of the method. The method gives accurate results in both the linear and nonlinear cases.

Most crude oils include paraffin that crystallize in low temperature to create cluster, precipitated in the form of sediments and making the free flow of oil more difficult. Such situations take place mainly in the autumn-winter season. Created sediments settle on the surfaces of mining equipment, pipes and reservoirs. This situation cause exploitation difficulties connected with increased flow resistance and in consequence decrease or lack of oil flow in pipelines. In order to protect of pipes and machinery again...

Numerical models which are used for determining deformation are created as a simplified form of physical reality and they are usually defined as force or timedependent. The deformation is investigated by static, kinematic and dynamic models. From these models, dynamic deformation model describes the relationship between the forces and the changes of forces depending on time and the external factors which cause deformation. The deformation in an area is determined by evaluating together the theoretical dynamic mode...

Various heavy metals contained in fuel are released to environment at fossil fuels use. Mercury has come to front of public interest recently. The North West Bohemia region is an area with high potential concentration of Hg emission sources (open pit brown coal mines) and large combustion facilities (power and heat stations) combusting fossil fuels. Mercury is taken for one of the most environment loading matters because its stability and bioaccumulation potential of itself and its compounds. More detailed regulat...

The great reserves and also convenient conditions for the use of coal represent very strong arguments for the justification of private capital investment in the energy sector of the Republic of Kosovo. The trend of living standard increase, development of industry and market demands within the South-East Europe pose the need for the construction of new power generation capacities. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is the introduction of possibilities for the coal supply of generation capacities up to 2000 MW in...

Chlorine disinfection is a generally used process for eradication pathogenic microorganisms from drinking water to prevent water-born diseases. It has been demonstrated that natural organic matter (NOM) in raw water may react with chlorine to form disinfection by-products (DBPs) which are carcinogenic or mutagenic. The occurrence of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water has been an issue of major concem during the last years due to their adverse health effects. The development and optimization of analy...

The aim of this work is the optimization of sinter-crystallization regime of a glassceramic from a municipal solid waste incineratior (MSWI) bottom ash. The parent waste was melted at 1400oC, milled below 75 $\mu$m and the obtained glass powders were pressed at 100 MPa. The optimal temperature for sinter-crystallization was estimated by DTA, dilatometry and XRD. Subsequently, the degrees of sintering, obtained at different heating rates (between 2 and 40oC/min) and 1 h step at 950oC were estimated by the linear sh...

Organic matter of lignites from five Tertiary deposits in the Czech Republic was studied and the general goal was to characterize a series of different coal lithotypes in relation to depositional environment from the viewpoint of organic petrology and geochemistry. Coal samples were chosen to cover various lithotypes: xylite rich coals, matrix coals, liptobioliths, and sapropelic coals. The samples differ in ash, sulphur, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and volatile matter contents, and calorific values. Xylite rich and ...

Phosphorus (P) waste output, notably in the dissolved form (DWP), is a major concern for many fish culture operations. Fish are believed to excrete DWP via the urine but this aspect has never been examined in detail. A better understanding of P utilization and renal P handling of fish could aid development of nutritional strategies for the management and reduction P waste. Rainbow trout were fed high corn gluten meal diets, supplemented with dibasic calcium phosphate, containing increasing P levels (0, 75; 1, 15; ...

Gouda Nature cheese maturation is the most difficult operation of the whole technological manufacturing process. This paper shall present some of the physical chemical modifications that occur during this kind of Gouda cheese maturation, and the value of these parameters at the end of the validity period.

A detailed investigation of physical and chemical properties of pyrite cinders from sulfuric acid production has been carried out by employing variety of analytical methods and techniques, including ICP-MS, XRL, XRD, M\"ossbauer Spectroscopy, SEM-EDX, SQUID, TGA, etc. The study is focused on the investigation of the content and distribution of about 50 micro- and trace elements in magnetically separated fractions, and among/within individual particles. It has been found that many heavy metals exist in easily avail...

Ambient particulate matter contains numerous organic species, including several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that are known or suspected carcinogens. Atmospheric particles were collected using low-volume sampler on glass fiber filters among August 2007-June 2008. The study area is under the influence of heavy traffic. Filter samples were extracted with petroleum ether /n-hexane by ultrasonic agitation, concentrated, and measured at trace levels using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The method wa...

In this study, some attention will be paid to the recent scientific and technological developments in waste stocks remediation. The consideration will be focused on this still not developed area of practical application of polymers as a first step towards remediation of polluted waste stocks. Some function and utility of organic polymers will be offered, which behave similarly to those naturally present in soils that are to be considered as potential substrata for remediation and rebuilding of depleted waste stock...

The Makran coast of Iran is exposed to the long waves generated in the Indian Ocean. The coast experienced huge waves induced by tsunami and cyclone during the past decades. Using the impact of the past events we present potential inundation areas for the great waves on the Makran coast. Based on the value of long wave height, three flood zones are specified on the inundation map. The first zone associated with no considerable inundation on uplifted rocky shore, the second zone would experience up to a few kilomet...

We consider a model of viscosity $\eta$ of volcanic lavas. The equation, describes with high accuracy the existing experimental data on temperature and pressure dependence of viscosity of igneous materials. It is demonstrated that, the activation energy E(Tg) can be expressed through the glass transition temperature Tgo. The dependencies of the parameters of the viscosity equation are discussed for most of geoscientifically relevant systems. According to the model viscosity of lava depends on the depth inside the ...

Perspective conception is characterized by including of wastes assembly problems in sphere of general actions for environment protection taking into account as any nonvalorized waste or least non-used, pollute the environment. Processing of solid minerals sterile and obtaining of sub-products which are economically usable has major importance, both from economical and ecological point of view, through environment protection. Researches had followed elaboration of ecological technologies of processing the waste as ...

Climate change can alter the demand for water, with demands increasing during dry, warm periods and decreasing during cool, wet periods. Climate change may impact a municipality’s ability to provide water to existing customers and their planning for the future. New sources of water may be required, and the evaluation of these new sources should consider potential climate change. Land use activities exert pressure on water resources. To anticipate this change in climate and land use activities and to assess its i...

The present theme approaches a very characteristic theme, analyzing the impact of wastes generated by tabular and calcified alumina industry on our environment. The industrial unit that is the object of this present study S.C. “Alor” S.A. is located in the Oradea municipality. Oradea municipality is located in the north-western part of Romania and is crossed over by the River Crişul Repede. S.C. “Alor” S.A. has as main activity profile tabular and calcified alumina production in various production section...

Since the geodetic control points are the base for all surveying tasks, the quality of these tasks will directly depend of the quality of geodetic control. The main two elements of geodetic network quality (accuracy) are its precision and reliability. There are different precision and reliability measures for the geodetic control. The positioning precision, as one of the most important component of geodetic network quality, has been expressed in various ways depending on the positioning method. The standards have ...

Sedimentation in water reservoirs is a serious problem observed throughout the world. Its reduction is critical to ensure sustained socio-economic development. Mangla reservoir, the largest earth filled reservoir in Pakistan, was completed in 1967 with a gross storage capacity of 7280x106m3. Over the years (1967-99), this dam has been plagued by a massive inflow of sediments resulting in a reduction of 19 \% of its total storage capacity. This led to not only a decreased water supply to the farming community but a...

In the given work statistical processing of the existing base of long-term historical data of the River Kura «Mtkvari» water quality parameters (some biogenic substances: nitrate NO3 and nitrite NO2 ions) for the period of 1980 – 1989 in some large settlements is carried out, in particular, above and below cities Borjomi, Gori, Tbilisi and Rustavi. Results for the small settlement Khertvisi located close to border with Turkey were also used as the representative data. There is offered the simple methodology of...