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The environmental problems arising from ground vibration has been faced and discussed frequently in various industries such as quarry, mining, civil works, shaft, tunneling, pipe line and dam construction etc. where the blasting operations are unavoidable. In bench blast design, not only the technical and economical aspects, such as block size, uniformity and cost, but also the elimination of environmental problems resulting from ground vibration and air blast should be taken into consideration. One of the fundame...

Kosovo is rich in coal resources / reserves. There are about 14 billion tones coal resources in Kosova. The coal in Kosova is used mainly in power (electricity) generation and less amount for heating. Kosovo coal is lignite type. Exploitation of coal is being donning in two open pits Bardh and Mirash. There is also a project for building of the new power plant (capacity 2000 MW). For this, supply of coal should be made by the new mine - Sibovci. The underground mining was abandoned in 1922. Now it is the surface m...

After the entry to the European Union the energetic policy of the Slovak republic became an integral part of the European Union energetic policy as well as the element of the world market with the energetic resources. Slovak republic imports around 90 percent of its primary energetic resources that are at the same time poorly diversified because most of them are originated in the Russian Federation. In spite of the significant structural changes in the last two decades the Slovak economy still remains heavily depe...

The investigation of the fluvial relief of the north-east side of Kosovo shows a particular scientific and practice interest, so our purpose is to give a circumstantial and full view of morphology and morphogenesis of this part during the evolution phases of its development. In the complex relief of this part, a very important part is the fluvial one, too, so, if we see it by its enlargement, it is ranged immediately after the structural relief, which is regarded to the fact that the fluvial morphogenesis phenomen...

The "Drmno" coal strip mine is one of the most important factors of the electro-power system of Serbia. The coal exploitation has taken place over 20 years (since 987), with the exploitation of 6·106 tons in 2007. The coal exploitation is complicated by the waterbearing character of the roof sediments, which is the consequence of the vicinity of the rivers Danube and Mlava. Groundwater protection is performed using the wells distributed in several lines (about 200 wells). Current solutions were formed either witho...

The estimation of important parameters at Choghart mine stockpile is accomplished by sampling specific parameters that allow detection of useful parts of the Low Grade stockpile. Huge amount of low grade broken rocks near the open pit can causes some environmental problem. Therefore, determination of dump parameters became important in this mine. In this research the estimation of Fe and P was fulfilled in low grade stockpile of Choghart. The Estimation of these two parameters (Fe \& P) can be used for mapping the...

As it is well-known, Globalization makes mobility easy and possible. That is why a graduate has the opportunity to find not only a nationwide but also a worldwide occupation. In most countries in the world, the function of accreditation for educational institutions is conducted by a government ministry of education. The purpose of this study is presenting the goal of the accreditation. The goal of accreditation is to ensure that education provided by institutions of higher education meets acceptable levels of qual...

Novel or accelerated global changes call for local action. The question on how to adapt to global change led recently to the formulation of a number of national and regional adaptation strategies to climate change. Beside climate, however, also other aspects as land use, agricultural markets and social structures are affected by and in return influence the perpetual global change. The steady interaction between regional development and global change further complicates a holistic strategy formulation. In order to ...

One of the most important factors of industrialization and development is energy. Demand of energy significantly increases parallel to technology developing and world population increasing. The consumed amount of energy indicates the development level of countries in today. Oil and coal stocks are decreasing fastly, and lack of natural gas sources results in an increasing demand on renewable energy sources. The negative effects of the renewable energy sources are less than conventional energy sources on environmen...

The map reading process is not a customary work. We pass through some steps while we get the necessary information from the map: Introduction to external components of the map; Sign vehicle recognition; Perception of the sign meaning; Superinterpretation. These four processes are discussed in the paper. It is shown their meaning for the swiftness and correctness of sign perceptions, cartographic signs construction; and creating of map legend.

Statement of the problem. In prospecting of deposit, geologists collect many samples, which after chemical analysis of concentration gives a lot of numbers that would be used for resource calculation. Let denote space vector by t (it can be univariate for a hole, bivariate and threedimensional for a deposit), concentration by x(t), and productive part of space by Q. Resource of deposit X composes the integral of concentration x(t) over Q by samples. This is not simple mathematical problem and, consistently, differ...

The general purpose of seismic acquisition is to give the research-worker knowledge about the various strata beneath the earth’s surface. The seismic exploration is based on the recording of reflected seismic waves generated from vibrators and deployed directly onto the ground via hydromechanic pads, mounted for the vibrators. The vibrator vibrates through predetermined points, known as “source” points. The registration of the reflected waves is commited also at predetermined positions, known as “receiver” points....

The North-Western Bohemia region takes a unique position in the history of mining in the Czech Republic. Several ore districts are situated here, the welfare of which influenced the development of the Czech state in some periods. Some precious stones mining was also significant. Today the North-Bohemian Basin area is known for its largest Czech brown coal deposit. The history of mining has been mainly linked to three large ore districts in the North- Western Bohemia region. Jachymov is the most important one. It u...

The calibration of the geodetic apparatus is nowadays viewed as common. It is recommended to test it as soon as the new apparatus has been purchased, as it is necessary to find out whether the apparatus meets the parameters declared by the manufacturer. It is also necessary to test it at regular intervals (during the period of two or three years), after it has been repaired, or if any deviation has been found during the process of surveying. The testing of geodetics apparatus are preceded in such a way they corres...

The Middle and Upper Jurassic deposits develop on a large area in Dambovicioara Corridor. In this area belongs both to the “Group of the formations of Braşov” ([8], [9] redefined, emend [3]) and to the “Group of the formations of pre-Leaota” ([9], emend [3]). The group of Braşov covers strictly the area of D\^ambovicioara Basin, and the group of pre-Leaota was extended as well over the fosse Codlea-R\^aşnov-Podul D\^amboviţei and over Şinca-Piatra Craiului [3]. The facies of the two groups are different, the diffe...

The presented work is aiming at climate change impacts and vulnerability assessment in Bulgaria. Climate change may affect exposures to air pollutants by affecting weather and thereby local and regional pollution concentrations, by affecting anthropogenic emissions (emission scenarios), by affecting natural sources of air pollutant emissions (biogenic VOCs) and by affecting many other processes. Local weather patterns (namely temperature, precipitation, clouds, atmospheric water vapor, wind speed, and wind directi...

It is estimated that useful life of world’s well known petroleum reserves will last 40 years, natural gas will last 61 years and coal reserves will be exhausted in 227 years. Decrease in fossile fuel reserves due to fast consuming and environmental damages due to increasing environmental pollution makes it necessary to orient towards new and renewable energy resources. Natural thorium comprising blend of completely radioactive isotopes was first discovered by Berzelius in 1828 and its radioactivity was revealed by...

Submitted paper describes collector of the quaternary sediments and the simulation of the groundwater in this collector. The interest area is situated to the central part of the North Bohemian Brown Coal Basin in the Czech Republic. There is one of the biggest coals opencast mine called CSA in the Czech Republic. The groundwater flow in the quaternary sediments brings in consequence great stability problem of the upper overburden cuts. We decided to construct the three dimensional geological model of the quaternar...

In recent years, the concern for renewable energy sources has intensely increased the studies on fuel cells. Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) among other fuel cell technologies is seen as an ideal preference in order to be used as cogeneration system with its high operation temperature. The operation of SOFC fuel cell systems depends on thermodynamic, electrochemical and mass transfer theories. In this study, the mathematical models of electrochemical events occurred in solid oxide fuel cells were investigated theore...

Recycling of metals has been becoming an attractive subject, lately due to the fact that the depleted resources, high energy consumption and harmful gases emission. Metal machining chips are recycled conventionaly which consist of melting casting. In the paper the method of direct conversion of bronze and steel chips, into finished product without melting, as an alternative way to conventional method is described. Metal chips were comminuted by mechanical milling and for the next processing the granulated chips la...

For Geo-Science education it is very important not only know what it could be looked like and how it could be used but also can use it to differ one thing from another and etc. Geo-students should learn our planet by using different methods based on modern technologies. This paper is devoted to one of them that has high developed last time – the Earth Remote Sensing. There is successful experience of the Remote Sensing Centers creation at different Universities of Russia, Kazakhstan, Spain and other countries. Rem...

To many countries heavy metal pollution is a problem related with areas of intensive mining activities and industry. Extensive exploitation of metallic minerals in the territory of Kosovo from antiquity until now days effected on environmental and river flows plane pollution. During September/November 2006 in Kizhnica/Artana was done stream sediment sampling (304 samples) main attention on precious metals (Au, Ag) and base metals (Zn, Pb, Cu). The stream sediment survey area is situated ESE of Prishtina with an ex...

Surface waves and related currents are analyzed to predict earthquakes. It is further known that earthquakes are associated with the emission of different types of electromagnetic waves. Since earthquakes axe so very powerful, the electromagnetic waves associated with them would also be quite powerful. Seismic electromagnetic phenomena may be useful for short-term prediction. Substantial effort over many years has led to considerable progress being made in the field of long-term prediction. Electromagnetic waves a...

There is an extensive complex of activities before 3D visualization, which affects the field of geodesy and Photogrammetry. This work presents a possible process for the proposed 3D visualization. For the mapping of large-scale territorial units you can use advantage, the aerial photogrammetry. It is a highly efficient method that saves time and money. Therefore, it is useful to use photogrammetry in mapping procedure of the quarry, which has area of several kilometers.

Today, the world is involved in a major experiment, which studies what happens when they are released into the atmosphere in greater quantities of carbon dioxide and other gases. The climate models developed by specialists in the field estimate that, the global climate will warm by 1, 1 – 6,400 C during this century. The main cause of the global warming is increasing the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere in the last centuries. The gases behave like walls of a greenhouse, maintaining the solar energy in the at...

The environmental problem is one of the mankind?s global problems. The relation between the environment state and economy growth had brought many discussions in the past about the possible solution of this contradiction in the real economic life. Sustainable growth conception has focused on studying the relations of social, economic and environmental development dimensions which led to new problems, or new solutions to existing problems. The report contains the economy growth issues in connection with the environm...

On the island of Evia, in central-east Greece, in Aliveri area, the mining operations (underground and surface) caused new and very complex hydrogeological, geochemical and geotechnical conditions. Since the mining operations have ceased since 1990, any plans for the utilisation of the former mining lands and buildings and the de3velopment of the area, demands the knowledge of these new conditions and the supply of sufficient water. A thorough investigation, including water level measurements, pumping tests, chemi...

Discontinuities such as beddings, faults and joint sets usually have important role in rock slope stability analysis. Indeed, they can change a rock mass to a blocky system. First of all, in the application of different slope stability analysis methods, the blocks must be absolutely determined in geometrical shape and defined in form of polyhedron. A 3D geometrical model of jointed rock mass, including a set of simulated geotechnical blocks, can be generated considering constraints of the model boundaries and geom...

The Bolboci hydrotechnical arrangement was achieved in 1988 on the upper course of Ialomita river, in the complicated geological and tectonic conditions of Bucegi massif from the Oriental Carpathians. This occupies the tectonic syncline of Bucegi which is situated between Cheile Tatarului and Cheile Zanoagei, at south, resulted from the background deformations of precadomian crystalline and the deposition blanket being made from the succession of Dogger, Malm and Albian. On the level of the litho-group of Malm-Dog...

The main issues of this proceed is to ascertainment danger working areas, which will shown the base for protection from hurts, illnesses of workers in they working area. This ascertainment has included each of working group and their duty, which are estimated by them elements shown by the article from 1 up to 5. Level of dangerous is rising from 1 grade up to 5. In this way can select working areas which inflict morbidity, traumatic etc in the worker health. Dangerous renewed areas are selected in 3, 4, 5 category.

Electrical resistivity measurements have been used in engineering for many purposes. In this study, blasting effects on the back of blasted holes at a quarry bench have been put under evaluation. Earth resistivity of bench rock, limestone, was measured before and after blasting by electrical resistivity equipment with the same electrode positions. The resultant resistivity graphs demonstrate the blasting performed in this study influence slightly the rock resistivity of the rock mass situated 4 m from the blasted ...

Within the Risha well field in Eastern Jordan oil and especially gas is produced from the existing traps on the top of the Ordovizium deposits, at a depth of about 2000 m. By more than 30 deep wells oil and gas is produced which contains also a portion of water. Usually this water accompanying the oil production is highly mineralized and originates, according to chemical and stable isotope analyses, most probably from old syn- sedimentary brines or formation water. Usually this water accompanying the oil productio...

Return material consists of gating, risers and residues from cold chamber, defective castings and another residues from die casting. This material has to be degreased from the fatty and separating agents that are usually of oil origin. In common praxis the clean and contaminated material is put in to melting furnace, it is melted and new alloys are added in the form of small pieces. Within the frame of experiments the influence of contaminated return material in the charge on quality die castings was observed. The...

The average pattern of weather, called climate, usually stays pretty much the same for centuries if it is left to itself. However, the earth is not being left alone. There is now very strong evidence that significant global warming can’t be explained by natural causes alone. Humans are changing the climate by their actions, especially through emissions of greenhouse gases, like carbon dioxide, which artificially warm the atmosphere of the earth. Scientific studies showed that climate change is fact not a myth or s...

The clay fraction of saponite-rich samples from western Macedonia, Greece was used for the preparation of TiO2 –pillared saponite. Nanocomposites of titania saponite were prepared by solvothermal reaction using water and ethanol as the solvent, hexamethylene tetramine as the precipitant and titanium trichloride as the precursor. Phase composition, particle morphology, element content and physical properties were characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron microscopy with Microanalysis (SEM-EDS),...

In this study a new testing method for indirect determination of Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) of the rock core samples is presented. As known, there are some methods for indirect estimation of UCS such as; point load (Is), Schmidt hammer, sonic velocity, block punch strength test etc. However point load testing method is widely used to estimate the UCS, there are many problems and limitations related to this method as reported in the recent literature. It was obtained that CST proposed in this paper namel...

Studying the level of the underground waters nowadays is very important; therefore it is more than necessary to improve and study more this field, but always moving towards the digitalization of various devices. For this purpose we have constructed a device which measures the level of the underground waters, the device named BerSi 07 is a device which measures the level of the underground waters, flux of ground water, direction of movement of underground waters, active radius, hydrolines, hydraulic gradient, the d...

The incorporation of industrial by-products such as fly ash, slag, silica fume in concrete can significantly enhance its basic properties in both the fresh and hardened states. These materials greatly improve the durability of concrete through control of high thermal gradients, pore refinement, depletion of cement alkalis, resistance to chloride and sulphate penetration, and continued microstructural development through a longterm hydration and pozzolanic reaction. The utilisation of by-products as the partial rep...

In this study, behaviors of wall samples produced from solid batch bricks were investigated under horizontal loads using various types of bond. Fort his aim six samples that contain three samples from each one, whose dimensions are 60*60 cm, were prepared. Hatch bond and running bond types were used while preparing the samples. Produced masonry wall samples were failure using experimental technique of standard shear strengths. The observed behavior of the experimental samples and the cracks occurred are studied, h...

Two models have been proposed – static and kinematic – for modelling of the contemporary vertical crustal movements. Herein are demonstrated: the mathematical mechanism, the experimental investigations, the analysis of the results and some graphical representations. Based on the modelling, the relevant conclusions have been drawn.

The difficulty in reclamation of the North Bohemian Basin dumps consists in extremely severe properties of rocks in most of the dumps. It mainly concerns the rocks of the overlaying formation and the formation of brown coal seams. Sands, kaolinitic clayey sands and kaolinitic and illitic clays are the main materials bulk to the dumps. The admixtures of the bulk rocks consist of organic coal, siderite and pyrite. These rocks are mechanically unstable against wind and water erosion and they have obtained adverse, ac...

Nowadays, airborne geophysical data can be obtained in low costs rapidly. Among airborne geophysical systems to acquire magnetic, electromagnetic and radiometric data, helicopter geophysical systems play an important role in exploration of mineral deposits in large areas. In general, using airborne systems to measure electromagnetic data, we can obtain two-dimensional conductivity-depth sections, and then, a threedimensional conductivity model from the subsurface of the survey area. Consequently, the lateral and v...

The web content grows annually by a geometric progression. Internet pages provide information not only through the markup language (X)HTML, which is used to create Web pages, but often in many different other formats and also web services. One task of this project is to make detail analysis of existing web services for obtaining the geographical coordinates of the given information and take advantage of them to extract spatial information from web pages. Positive results of this analysis in Czech information on th...

Natural bitumen (NB) fields development in ecological terms is a complicated and responsible activity for a person. The activities consequence show up as air pollution by different harmful impurities, fresh water and land pollution by oil, bitumen and waste waters(1). Main sources of environment pollution (atmosphere, land, surface and groundwater) in oil and gas producing industry are oil and gas surface and subsurface structures. According to the existing legislation, NB field development project and design pape...

Environmental health is the aspect of public health that is concerned with those forms of life, substances, forces and conditions in the surroundings of man that may exert an influence of human health and well-being. This definition includes other people as part of a person’s surroundings that contribute to the status of environmental health. The aim of environmental health education is to help students to achieve health by their own actions and efforts; to make the environmental health a valued community asset; t...

The Alanya unit consists of threeimbricate metamorphic nappes: These are Cambrian - Upper Permian aged The Mahmutlar group (the lower nappe), The Sugozu melange (middle nappe) (Late Cretaceous-Paleocene), and Lower Cambrian - Middle-Upper Triassic aged The Yumrudag group (upper nappe). The pelitic and semipelitic schists of the Alanya unit are shale and wacke in origin. These received material from acidic and probably medium compositional volcanic arc granites and deposited on the active continental margin and pro...

One of the major concerns in all underground mine excavations is the stability of the stopes, the empty spaces which are created throughout the excavation process. Typically, the mining engineer supports or reinforces the stopes when needed, by means of rockbolts, wire meshes and steel sets. At the same time, a monitoring system based on geotechnical or geodetic measurements can provide against tiny displacements of control targets. This paper presents the application of artificial intelligence techniques, namely,...

The SyNaRMa project realized under INTERREG IIIB Archimed resulted in the development of a Web-based GIS (http://gserver.civil.auth.gr/SyNaRMa\_app) for management of natural disasters (earthquakes, forest fires and landslides). The SyNaRMa system focuses on the three phases of disaster management, i.e., preparedness, response and recovery, improving the emergency plans applied by the competent authorities in order to handle natural risks more effectively. A directive process of preparedness realized in the frame ...

Environment includes social, cultural, economic and political considerations, as well as the more usually understood features such as soil, climate and food supply. Notably, biological agents are sensitive to environmental conditions. To sum up, the relative ease and low cost of producing biological agents, the difficulties in detecting their presence and treating exposed victims and their potential will be used not only for humans but crops and livestock as well. In the future The terrorists probably being use bi...

Fuel cells are the high efficient devices those convert the chemical energy to the electrical energy. Basically a fuel cell is comprised anode, cathode and electrolyte of parts. Membranes have been used as electrolyte which are made up of various materials. The specifications of membranes are important for the productive working of the fuel cells. In this study the literature research regarding membranes which are used us electrolyte in fuel cells has been realized and their technical specifications have been stud...