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Thermal recovery methods within catalytic aquathermolysis is a new promising exploitation approach in extracting heavy oil and natural bitumen. In this technology, the catalyst is added in a stage of injecting high-temperature steam. At the pay zone, three types of reactions takes place: thermolysis, reaction of high temperature steam and catalysis. As a result, the injected steam changes to water transferring its heat to rocks across the interface. Thus, the interfaces of catalyst solutions and hot rocks are cruc...

The activities of mining and chemical enterprises in Ukraine have reserved a number of environmental issues that affects all elements of the environment and requires immediate solution. Nowadays, in Ukraine, there are still relevant soil subsidence in areas of mining and chemical enterprises, the accumulation of large-tonnage industrial wastes, accumulation and migration of heavy metals in soils. Equally, important is the issue of water pollution in the area of mining and chemical enterprises. The purpose of this ...

Waste storing and managing is one of the most challenging problems of the modern economy. Previously, drilling waste did not represent a subject of the so-called waste recoverable and utilizable, for instance applicable to land reclamation. Research works on transforming properties of drilling waste and improving the recovery method aimed at reclamation are presently developed. According to the current regulations, the drilling waste can be applied to recovery processes based on utilizing the waste in question who...

The thermal conductivity of a geological structure is a paramount parameter in performing calculations for the proper design and installation of underground heat energy extraction or storage systems. Complex geological investigation must be performed to evaluate the thermal conductivity of a geological structure. It is a process that demands time and money. An assessment of the mutual influence between the thermal conductivity of the borehole heat exchanger and the geological structure allows us to predict the the...

The dynamics of economic development in Timi? County is due to an accumulation of macroeconomic factors where the variation of administrative units and population plays an important role. These two important components, highlights developmental trajectories that can be influenced by formulate territorial policies to meet the actual needs. The paper will trace the evolution, over a 5 years period of (2009-2014) of administratively territorial units and the budgets allocated to education, health, culture, and enviro...

In Romania, agricultural farms represent not only the place where agricultural production is made, as it happens in many European countries, but also the place where live and work almost half of the population of the country (45%); it is also meant to solve the social issues of rural inhabitants. The paper presents the analysis of agricultural farms of Romania as contributors to the development and consolidation of rural farms.The research methodology relies on the analysis, synthesis, representation and interpret...

The economic crisis triggered in 2008 in US, affected all countries, with consequences in many fields, construction buildings domain facing a drastic decrease compared to the period 2006-2007. This situation led to the inability of people to do real estate acquisitions, which led clearly to changes in market demands. Experts and real estate developers from all over the world have tried to find different recovery solutions, given that its effects affected a huge number of people and companies. It is known that the ...

One of the main environmental problems nowadays is related to contaminated soils. Soils can be contaminated with different compounds among which, the most widespread being the petroleum hydrocarbons (PH). The contamination of soil with petroleum hydrocarbons (PH) could take place during oil exploration. In this context, contaminated soil remediation is highly necessary. Over the years, different treatment methods for contaminated soil remediation have been applied. The present research illustrates the thermochemic...

In 2008, a new polymer substance FIRESORBпїЅ, used both as a fire extinguishing agent as well as a fire retardant, especially at wildland fires, was placed on the Slovak market. FIRESORBпїЅ gel, in general, due to its high density affects burning materials by even uniform cooling effect, reducing the rate of evaporation. This cooling effect is a dominant one at fires with origin of very high temperatures, where applying water streams would be ineffective due to near immediately water evaporation. The paper is deal...

Numerous data on the negative impact of pollutants on the environment indicate the necessity of industrial and sewage water treatment. This problem is actual in the territories of the tailings dams situated in the Kemerovo Region (Ursk and Komsomolsk tailings sites, Russia). In these tailings sites, the main source of pollution is the mine drainages containing copper, zinc, arsenic, and antimony. In the absence of reliable protective devices, pollutants can enter to the soil, surface and groundwater, having a sign...

This paper provides a comparative study of the energy consumption and energy efficiency of a heating ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) system with three configurations. This system was used to cool an experimental room in an office building in more control scenarios realized by adopting different cooled water temperatures and chiller cooling systems. It is proposed an airпїЅwater mist cooled system for an air-cooled chiller. The three configurations of the HVAC system have the following configurations: (1) a...

This paper provides a comparative study of the energy consumption and energy efficiency of a HVAC system with three configurations. This system was used to cool an experimental room in an office building in more control scenarios realized by adopting different cooled water temperatures and chiller cooling systems. It is proposed an airпїЅwater mist cooled system for an air-cooled chiller. The three configurations of the HVAC system have the following configurations: (1) air handling unit (AHU) and fan-coil units (...

Some of the most promising areas for the extraction of heavy oil, maltha and asphalt in the eastern part of the Siberian platform are the southern and southeastern slopes of the Anabar anteclise. Using solvents for mining heavy oil and natural bitumen in a permafrost zone is the only option to steam injection, which is obviously cost ineffective there. Advantages of the solvents include convenience of transportation to field and storage stability. Moreover, the solvents have sufficiently high solubility with respe...

Biological treatment is one of the most efficient process to remove biodegradable pollutants from wastewater. In practice, this process use air and activated sludge for well over a century. It is largely influenced by aeration equipment, which in addition to introducing oxygen into wastewater for oxidation of organic pollutants, they have to create hydrodynamic conditions to mix wastewater with microorganisms and with air, avoiding dead zones and microorganisms sedimentation. This stage of wastewater treatment is ...

Groundwater is one of our most important natural resources. Groundwater is the source of about 33 % of the water that county and city water departments supply to public supply. Statistics show that groundwater is use for more than 90 % of the rural population who do not get their water delivered to them from a county/city water department or private water company. In this sense, groundwater quality plays an invaluable in rural zone plays. This paper aims to identify qualitative status of groundwater in rural zones...

The rural space in the Baltic Sea East Coast States пїЅ Latvia, Lithuania and Poland пїЅ comprises a significant part of the territories of these states. It occupies more than half of each stateпїЅs territory and employs more than a third of labour market participants. For these reasons, the future prospects of the rural space in each of the states is an important issue in designing their smart growth strategies. Smart growth is determined not only by objective circumstances but also by local authorities, the acti...

In the context of deregulated energy market, energy companies need a flexible and efficient framework for energy trading. Along with concerns regarding environment issues, deregulation determined an increased share of sm all and medium renewable energy power plants. With these came along challenges in operation regarding their variability and the lack of central monitoring. Aggregation of distributed energy sources led to the concept of virtual power plant, which brings ad advantages as a better control of product...

The paper deals with the implementation of photovoltaic system in specific extraterrestrial area. It is focused on proposal of photovoltaic system for new international space station. Authors use in the analysis knowledge of NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) space researches, information about of ISS (International Space Station) and proposal of first piece of new space station situated in cislunar area (space between Earth and Moon). Analysis of space deals with finding suitable location for ne...

To date, in connection with active development of all branches of industry, transport, agriculture the most urgent issue of identifying the characteristics of the behavior of chemical elements in soils and parent rocks within local areas with characteristic patterns. The object of this study is to Rostov region. Soil cover of the territory is formed mainly by two genetic soil types пїЅ chernozems and chestnut soils. Since 2005 was conducted areal soil geochemical sampling areas, which yielded data on the content o...

State entrepreneurship and state marketing are the key forms of the state participation in national economy. Within their frames there is a distribution of the resources directed to the maintenance and development of infrastructure, implementation of social obligations and state programs. One of the instruments of state entrepreneurship is the procurement system provided with target budgetary financing by executive authorities. Introduction into the system of state and municipal management the methodology of proje...

Investigation of the paramagnetic properties of core samples from the section of the reference well was performed on the basis of a representative sample (97 samples) by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) for mineral associations of the Evlan horizon of the Upper Devonian deposits of the Volga-Ural region of the Republic of Tatarstan. Within the Volga-Ural region, reef formation dates back to the late Frasnian and has developed to the maximum extent in the Voronezh, Evlan and Liven times. The deposition of the ...

The paper reveals the distinctive features of the change in the composition of natural bitumen - asphaltite from from the sandstones of the Permian sediments of the Spiridonovsky field in the territory of Tatarstan, in model experiments at a temperature of 250 пїЅC, characteristic for steam-thermal impact on the formation, and the pressure in the system of not more than 2 MPa. The choice of low pressure is due to the fact that bituminous rocks in the Permian sediments occur at relatively shallow depths in the near...

The rivers of the Northern part of European territory of Russia (ETR) contain large amounts of organic matter. This is due to natural features of the area (short cool summer, high wetlands, large areas of forests and features of soil formation), and to specificity of the anthropogenic impact. One of the largest rivers of the Northern ETR is the Northern Dvina River, flowing into the Dvina Bay of the White Sea. A general study of the organic carbon content in the bottom sediment of the Northern Dvina River mouth ar...

When conducting studies related to the study of the radon hazard of premises and territories, conducting radon monitoring measurements with the aim of predicting mountain impacts and earthquakes, studying the emanation characteristics of rocks and a number of other problems, it has been shown that in some cases the materials of the connecting elements used in measuring structures On the results. In this connection, experimental studies were carried out aimed at studying the sorption abilities of the material of th...

The research-development activity has not been quite adequately financed in Romania over the last few years. Annual financing programs and multiannual programs were issued (NPRDI I пїЅ [National Plan for Research, Development and Innovation]), and, as of 2007, together with RomaniaпїЅs adherence to the European Union, an effort was made to align the financing programs of this activity to the UnionпїЅs programs. Thus, beginning with the Seventh Framework Program (FP7), the National Plan for Research- Development an...

Fatigue damage is determined from time signals of loading, usually in the form of stress or strain. However, there are many design scenarios when the loading, or fatigue damage process, cannot easily be defined using time signals. In these cases the design/operation engineer usually has to use a test based approach to evaluate the fatigue life of the structure or the component. Alternatively, a frequency based fatigue calculation can be used where the loading and response are represented using Power Spectral Densi...

The north-western and western coast of the Black Sea, corresponding to Romania and Bulgaria, is subject of crustal deformations due to remote effects produced by geological processes ran at planetary (e.g. plate tectonics in the Atlantic and Eastern Mediterranean-Anatolia realms) and regional (e.g. the tectonic coupling of the Black Sea basin and Vrancea seismogenic area) scales as well as due to relatively local geological processes (e.g. subsidence of sedimentary basins, young sediments compaction, etc.). The ge...

The main purpose of the construction of flood protection measure is to protect the urban area. Flood strategy should cover the entire river basin area and promote the coordinated development and management of actions regarding water, land and related resources. Structural measures (defence structures) will remain important elements and should primarily focus on the protection of human health and safety, and valuable goods and property. Intensive rainfall and springпїЅs snow melting occurrence leads to floods almos...

Climate change also increase different natural risk possibility - erosion and floods in coastal local municipalities in Latvia are becoming increasingly more important. The most significant flood risk factor, particularly in the climate change context, are wind surges, especially coinciding with ongoing sea level raise and, even, rapid and intence, rainfall, while the nation wide spread snowmelt flood risks are less impacting the coastal municipalities. Research-and-development study analyzed coastal risk governan...

We analyzed the dynamics of Lake Teletskoye water level and attempted to use data on bottom sediment geochemistry in combination with Siberian larch (Larix sibirica) tree-ring width chronology to reconstruct it for late Holocene. In particular, we studied the links among the water level characteristics, precipitation amount, bottom sediment geochemistry, and tree-ring width chronology available for Russian Altai. A correlation analysis revealed the annual water level fluctuations to correlate closely with mean ann...

Renewable energy is a key factor in the sustainable development of any modern society. The development of renewable energy project must continue to be part of a competitive economy and the research and innovation of this domain should be a priority. One of the renewable energy sources (RES) that are reliable, provides predictable energy, assures the energy supply in remote areas and at the end of the power transmission lines, are small hydro power plants (SHPP). In Romania SHPP are not new, being part of the devel...

The focal mechanism and rupture directivity for intermediate-depth earthquakes occurred in the Vrancea source (Romania) are determined using FMNEAR algorithm [1]. The method is based on the waveform inversion of near-source seismic waveforms and on a linear finite source model. When the FMNEAR algorithm is started the first parameters that are determined are the moment magnitude (Mw), the double couple focal mechanism (strike, dip, rake) and the distribution of seismic moment along strike. This provides a first or...

Food security has been and continues to be a current topic given the fact that, it stands at the base of all issues related of human existence. In this respect it is necessary to analyze the idea of food security on the two levels closely correlated, meaning the qualitative level and quantitative level. Quantitative aspect aimed the insurance of food necessary to meet the physiological needs of the population from the bottom of Maslow pyramid and converging towards meeting other needs found on top of the pyramid s...

The 21st century presents us with enormous challenges related to environmental protection. This applies to both the citizens of our globe, businesses, institutions as well as regions and countries. Contemporary companies increasingly focus on sustainable development and corporate social responsibility, and report their actions contributing to improvement and protection of the environment. Metrics known as footprint family, such as ecological, carbon, water, energy, waste, land or material footprints, are gaining i...

Industrial history of many places still interacts with the present time. Ostrava (Czech Republic) as former industrial city is a typical example of problems and barriers which can be found in process of regeneration, revitalization or redevelopment of areas used formerly for heavy industry. The article is focused on retrospective description of development of areas which can be known as backfields or mega sites. The article will be focused on five areas for which there are expectations and likely huge potential fo...

The main goal was to define basic forms of propagation oriented at internet media and mainly for propagation oriented at social media for product entering at market. Nowadays, social media represent important marketing channel appropriate almost for every products at market. The advantage of propagation on social networks is low financing cost, what is good mainly for companies which are not so known at market. Because of that, we should consider social networks as information channel rather than means which will ...

Both complicated dissolution processes and different patterns of fossilsпїЅ distribution may be expected in carbonate hydrocarbon reservoirs. Therefore, this paper aims to precisely locate such places using few independent analytical tools. Five carbonate samples from the Permian Bro?sko Reef (Western Poland) were studied in a form of both thin sections and cylindrical core samples. The latter were subjected to Computed Microtomography (?CT) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) experiments. While the ?CT helped to...

Asphaltenes extracted from a sample of high-viscosity oils from the Ashalchinskoye deposit of the Republic of Tatarstan and the Boka de Haruko deposit of the Republic of Cuba, as well as a sample of oxidized road bitumen of the BND 50/70 grade produced by TAIF-NK of the Republic of Tatarstan. Five fractions of asphaltenes of these oils and petroleum products were obtained by stepwise extraction with an alcohol-benzene solvent with different alcohol content after precipitation of asphaltenes from oil with hot isooc...

One of the newest trends in tourism are constantly expanding offers in special forms of tourism. These offers include industrial tourism, which is in boom not only in Czech Republic, but also in Europe. Industrial tourism represents new phenomenon, which appears related with industrial heritage and can be used for purpose of tourism. The main purpose and idea of industrial tourism is to mediate customer integrated look into industrial development of the region. What is for local resident ordinary, can be for visit...

Due to the continuously growing of industrialization and businesses in this new era of globalization the interaction with society and the environment put unknown marks on both sides. Human development through industrialization, especially in the twentieth century, represents an intrusion into the overall balance that maintains the earth as a habitable place. Interaction between industry and the environment tends to become increasingly complex. Efforts improving human standard living, through the control of nature ...

In the past decades, cities have become the engines of national economic growth. Globalization has a significant effect on urban areas, forcing them to compete for international business with other cities around the world and their countries. It is estimated that by 2050, more than 80% of the worldпїЅs population will live in urban areas. In order to meet the environmental challenges posed by this changes, cities will need to reduce pollution levels and use resources more efficiently. It will need reliable tools t...

The results of Chembursky lake, Vityazevsky, Kiziltashsky and Bugazsky coastal salt lakes expeditionary research are observed, aimed to examine the allocation of methane and sulfur sulfide (total sulfide) according to the vertical cut of bottom sediments (sulfidic muds), and also the value of Eh and pH. pH and Eh values in the examined horizons of coastal salt lakes bottom sediments vary correspondingly in the limits from 7.33пїЅ8.06 and -198пїЅ-2.5 mV, in the Chembursky lake sediments пїЅ 7.47пїЅ7.64 ? -78пїЅ+46 ...

In structural engineering of various reconstructions, it is very often necessary to monitor the stress level in the structure. Measurement of strain is then used to analyse additional load effects for which the structures were not designed. Such tasks are particularly challenging in-situ, where the measuring system is exposed to extreme conditions that are vastly different compared to the laboratory setting. The proper choice of sensors is necessary in order to achieve relevant results, but the quality of the desi...

One of the general problems of all lines of research is the exhibition of various micro- and macroscopic effects. Considering complexity and heterogeneity of oil composition oil systems can be put down for as complex systems. Research related to the in-depth studying of the various complexity level oil systems chemical composition are highly topical for establishing causes of complications, arising in various processes. For the last decades, stability studies are developing intensively. The emphasis is upon method...

The aim of the research is to return the disturbed lands of mining landscapes to the biosphere foundation in the light of modern knowledge of the role of Earth's soil shell in maintaining the stable state of the biosphere. The methodology has been substantiated and the technology of restoration of disturbed lands (ecological restoration) has been developed in accordance with the concept of natural soil-formation, which is based on the principle of self-organization of natural systems. The data of the long-term mon...

Economic gentrification means bringing more material value to a specific area by increasing its attractiveness and upgrading it. In the case of small deposits with permanently discontinued exploitation (only historical significance) and scarce resources, it is more socially and economically efficient to withdraw the deposits from the balance of mineral resources and enable changes in the management of the area. As a result, it is more possible to introduce different post mining deposit developments, such as using ...

The parfen horizon was formed in a wide range of environments. Therefore we offer methods of lithogeochemistry for paleogeographic reconstruction, stratigraphic breakdown and correlation. The parfen horizon of Kovykta field has been chosen as a subject of investigation. The samples of sandstone strata P1 and P2 have been collected there. Geochemical features of these rocks have been studied relying on 22 measurements of petrogenic oxides contents realized by X-ray fluorescence analysis and on 54 measurements of tr...

The article considers the classification affiliation and real features of the subvolcanic rocks of the shadoronsky (J2-3) and abagatuysky (K1) complexes of the northern frame of the Borschovochny ridge. This structure is part of the Aga terrain of the Mongol-Okhotsk fold belt. It is established that in the given territory the rocks of the shadoronsky complex are localized in dynamometamorphic formations, and the rocks of the abagatuysky complex in riftogenic depressions. On the basis of mineralogical-petrographic ...

The deposits of light oil and gas in the Devonian sediments of the "Ansagan" deposit are found. In the deposits of the Famenian stage of the upper Devonian, a gush of gas condensate was obtained. Samples of formation fluid are characterized by low density (0.78 g/cm3). The extracted oil refers to low-tar and paraffin (the content of paraffins is more than 2-3 %). The genetic relationship between oils and organic matter of rocks has been studied. To determine the group composition of bitumoids, the SARA method was ...

The Sakarya zone in Anatolia is a continental fragment >1500 km long and 120 km wide. This continent is divided into three zones: western, central and eastern. This volcanism is related to western Anatolia orogenic belt around Sakarya zone which produced Late Eocene-Late Miocene-aged mainly acidic and intermediate volcanic rocks. They are mainly composed of andesite, dacite, and latite lavas with associated pyroclastic rocks. The central Sakarya zone volcanic unit is mainly composed of Eocene-aged andesite and dac...