Browse

The problem of increasing the energy efficiency of the national economy is the most important for countries with developing economies. For example, in the Republic of Ecuador (RE), the average GDP growth rate was 5.73% over 2010-2019. This requires high-quality development of the energy sector to ensure sustainable development of the national economy. The power generation structure in RE is not optimal because the share of oil is 87%, while the share of hydro resources is 6%. For RE, this reduces the efficiency of...

The integration processes taking place in the modern world increasingly determine the level of international relations. The implementation of integration relationships, as well as the implementation of any phenomenon, is accompanied by certain risks. Currently, there are a lot of classifications of both integration processes and the risks that arise during their implementation. From our point of view, the integration risks with respect to specific international associations, in particular the Eurasian Economic Uni...

Research conducted in INCD URBAN-INCERC, within the National Network for Seismic Monitoring and Protection of Constructed Heritage, converges towards the development of a large monitoring system, capable to allow remote identification, in a very short time after a seismic event, of possible dangerous changes in the condition of the instrumented buildings. In order to obtain correct information regarding the behavior of a structural system (due to the lack of data needed to create a reliable model), the advantages ...

Nowadays, in the Arkhangelsk region of the Russian Federation, the timber industry is under active development. A quantity of raw materials necessary for the increasing production capacities of timber processing enterprises show an annual increase. Roundwood removes from forest to limber mill by highway, train, water transport, barges and float boat (which, by the way, is one of the main types of transport). The timber processing enterprises on the river channel are equipped with pile piers which help floating tim...

Water resources are vulnerable not only from climate change, but from many other socio-economic drivers of change. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ?Vulnerability is the degree, to which a system is susceptible to, or unable to cope with adverse effects of climate change, including climate variability and extremes?. When a trend towards decreased precipitation and runoff coincides with a trend towards higher water consumption or deteriorated water quality, then the given region or river b...

The emissions of indoor nitrogen oxides have increased during the last period. Thorough knowledge of the interactions of individual influencing factors to nitrogen oxides pollutions in the indoor working environment provides guarantees of comfort, hygiene, and health for future manufacture buildings performance and production. A comprehensive assessment of the environmental safety of the working environment through appropriate analyses of transfer processes, impact rates, and interaction relationships must become ...

Agriculture has been the only known and proven method to obtain food in order to meet demands of human population already for thousands of years. Quality and quantity of produced food depend on the technologies used in plant cultivation and on the condition of used land. Soil organic matter (SOM) together with soil biota form basic soil property referred to as soil fertility. Maintaining appropriate content of SOM in soils is possible by the application of organic fertilizers. However, these are not always availab...

The article attempts to explain different impacts of border effect on different types of borders and the question of whether the border effect has a greater intensity at the national border than at the border between the regions of one country and how big this difference is. The hypothesis was tested on a case study of the Liberec region, located in the Czech Republic at the border with Poland and Germany (part of Euroregion Nisa ? Neisse ? Nysa). For quantifying the border effect, the gravity model of spatial int...

The article considers the solving the problem arising at the mathematical modeling of hydrological processes, namely, the problem of the number of phase variables taken into account in the model. The number of variables in the model can change depending on the climate. The fractal dimension characterizes required number of variables. In the article the results of applying the established regularity of the influence of the long-term norm of surface air temperature on the fractal dimensionality of the annual runoff ...

The town of Vidin is supplied by underground water sources through shallow and shaft wells of the ?Raney? type on the terrace of the Danube river. The main water source is located near the village of Slanotran, 12 km northeast of Vidin and consists of 4 wells with horizontal drainage rays, type ?Raney?. In recent years, has been operating mainly well 1(R-1), which is able to supply the required quantities of water for the ?Vidin? group. The annual amount of water supplied by ?Slanotran? pump station is about 7300 ...

The bearing capacity of steel members and their cross-sections is influenced by geometrical - dimensional and material - strength variations, which are randomly variable. The actual design standards take this into account by characteristic or nominal values yield strength, design cross-sectional dimensions and partial reliability factors of the material to ensure adequate reliability of the proposed structures. There is still insufficient knowledge of the actual geometrical and material deviations and the results ...

The Arctic is one of the regions in the world where nature has been preserved in its original form. But at the same time it is the most environmentally vulnerable region. And in recent decades, anthropogenic influence has been enhancing due to interest in this territory. Focal economic development is characteristic of the high-latitude Arctic. It leads to the formation of local pollution sources and other types of negative environmental impact. In this regard, the study of soil characteristics is an important obje...

In the last years, Romania has suffered large-scale flooding with large areas of land affected by floods, causing major infrastructure damage and leaving behind a significant number of deaths. Climate change and the high frequency of dangerous hydrometeorological phenomena manifested by torrential rains of special intensity produce flash-flood on watercourses due to the rapid concentration of leakage on slopes. These phenomena characterize the vast majority of river basins in Galati County. The pilot area chosen f...

The scientific article is based on a wide range of sources ? archival documents, publications of periodicals, Internet materials. The influence of public environmental associations on the functioning of atomic energy in Ukraine, for example, the 1980s - 2010s, is analyzed. The catastrophe at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in April 1986 became the impetus for the mass formation of non-governmental environmental public organizations in Ukraine, which at that time was part of the USSR. An important vector of activ...

In the mountain zone, the slope exposure plays important role in the process of soil formation. The aim of the work was to assess the impact of slope exposure on the soil properties of agricultural terraces in the Eastern Caucasus. A study of soil properties of agricultural terraces in the mountainous zone of the Eastern Caucasus (Dagestan, Russian Federation) was carried out. The purpose of the study was to compare the soils of agricultural terraces on the slopes of the northern and southern exposure. The content...

In the article, the results of the estimation of an influence of soil back pressure of the lower slope on the distribution of the landslide pressures between the rows of the piles of the multi-row retaining structures. The conditions of a stable soil and an unstable one as well as a dugout from the lower slope side have been considered. The analysis has been carried out on the basis of the distribution of the forces between the rows of the piles according to the spatial numerical model study data of the multi-row ...

The present study has been dedicated on the removal process of heavy metal ions from electrolyte solutions by using methods of electroflotation and subsequent filtration in a multi-component system with the presence of various surfactants of different nature. The research was conducted in a five-component system comprising ions of iron (II), nickel (II), copper (II), plumbum (II), and zinc (II) (the total concentration of metal ions is 200 mg/l). The research was conducted in a highly concentrated electrolyte solu...

This article presents the results of the studies that were conducted by the authors for determining the influence of the cycles of heat treatments on the structure and mechanical properties of dual-phase steel with a low manganese content. For the research in discussion, was used an alloy with 0.094% C and 0.53% Mn which was subjected to several cycles of heat treatments (consisting of full annealing, normalizing, subcritical annealing, full quenching, intercritical quenching). The metallographic analyzes were per...

In the last decades in Romanian forests, a massive phenomenon of uncontrolled cut trees was observed, leading to a new environmental problem. In these conditions, the solar radiation affects the seedlings of some tree species as the beech and oak, and generally the entire life from these forests. In the last 5-6 years, a supplementary massive invasion of the white mistletoe was observed, especially associated with the silver fir and beech. The main objective of this paper is to associate the effects of the solar r...

In the article is analyzed the influence of relative stiffness and bonding of the "foundation -subsoil" interaction system on the value and distribution of the vertical normal and shearcontact stresses. The analysis of the calculated deformations of the foundation focused onthe qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the non-uniform settlement, respectively therelative deflection and flexibility of the foundation. In terms of relative stiffness areanalyzed the shallow square foundations from the "perfect rigid?...

In the article is analyzed the influence of relative stiffness and bonding of the "foundation -subsoil" interaction system on the value and distribution of the vertical normal and shearcontact stresses. The analysis of the calculated deformations of the foundation focused onthe qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the non-uniform settlement, respectively therelative deflection and flexibility of the foundation. In terms of relative stiffness areanalyzed the shallow strip foundations from the "perfect rigid? ...

The article presents results of the studies conducted by the authors for determining the influence of the structure succession on the volume fraction of martensite and ferrite microhardness in a dual-phase steel with low manganese content. For the research in discussion, an alloy with 0.094% C and 0.53% Mn (Si, Cr, Ni, Mo, Al, Cu, P, and S below 0.1%) was used. This alloy was subjected to several cycles of heat treatments (consisting of full annealing, normalizing, subcritical annealing, full quenching, intercriti...

The article discusses the information-cartographic approach to the visualization of educational information as a universal educational strategy aimed at the full development of cognitive processes, the imaginative thinking of students, taking into account the functional asymmetry of the cerebral hemispheres through the use of intellectual and graphic tools for visualizing educational information, creating a new communicative system of transition from verbal language to language grafting. The information-cartograph...

The purpose of this report is to show possible ways to improve the information access for societies in developing countries possessing significant mineral reserves and mining industries, which considerably affect the welfare of national economies and population. The research methodology is based on the provisions of official regulatory documents, methods for processing and analyzing statistical data related to the subject of the research, demonstration of the results characterizing the state and dynamics of the in...

The article presents limnological ecosystems environmental status assessment outcomes on the example of the investigated lakes of Ukraine, through the development and implementation of current information technologies. Approaches to the theoretical substantiation and experimental study of establishing the real spatial resolution of the Earth Remote Sensing (ERS) methods in the visible optical spectrum for limnological systems are proposed. The research is based on the use of information potential and the introduct...

One of the most pressing environmental problems is the generation of production and consumption waste, while the bulk of the waste is not involved in secondary economic turnover, but is placed in landfills, which pose a serious environmental hazard to the environment and public health. The authors of the article substantiate the need to use modern information technologies for a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the composition of emissions, a comprehensive assessment of the ecological state near pollution s...

The identification technique of hazardous clouds using infrared spectrometry is based on the spectral analysis of electromagnetic radiation that is absorbed and emitted by the molecules of a gas cloud. Molecules can be identified by analyzing the location of lines inside the spectrum, representing the energy differences between the cases involved and the strength of the lines, which is the probability of a photon being absorbed or emitted. This method is often called passive infrared spectrometry because no artifi...

Innovations audit in this paper is analysed as an assessment of the existing innovativeness level of Industrial clusters production and production-related processes to determine whether specific technologies and the totality of production processes correlate with technological developments in the relevant field. It should be noted that there is no commonly encountered economic approach to analyse the innovations and technologies in industry clusters. By using Analytical hierarchy process modelling, paper covers de...

The need to make innovative changes in the professional training of students is due to the fact that today future specialists require not only deep knowledge, but also the ability to acquire new knowledge in a rapidly changing situation and use it to design their own activities. Recently, in the theory and practice of professional education, more and more attention is paid to active forms, methods and technologies of training, which can become an effective means of training specialists. The goal of innovation is a...

The paper presents the examples of georadar sounding of rocks and soils of mining constructions and facilities in order to control their internal structures and conditions. The measurements have revealed that in the inner zones of inhomogeneities the induced electromagnetic field is distorted due to the difference in the physical properties of the zone? rocks and the main rock mass. The authors have established that the intensity of the wave field distortion is determined by the contrast of the physical properties...

This study is intended to develop educational technologies for disabled students with violation of musculoskeletal system. According to the World Health Organization the statistical data on diseases of the musculoskeletal system accounts for 30% each 10 years, as for the percentage disablement due to this factor it accounts for 25-30%. The Global Burden of Disease study reported that musculoskeletal disorders are ranked as the second most common cause of disability. The disabled people?s problems related to the pr...

In the current context, in which the analysis of the failures by infrared thermography for the hydraulically operated machines is an increasingly widespread internationally method, starting from the year 2016, in Romania, at INOE 2000 - IHP Bucharest the first thermographic analyzes were laid made on hydraulic equipment. It is known that by maintaining normal limits of variation of the temperature and viscosity of the hydraulic oil in the actuation plants, are created the conditions of the productivity increase an...

Multiple veins of subvolcanic lithologies, including porphyries, lamprophyres and dolerites, outcrop in northern Portugal intruding both the pre-variscan metasedimentary basement (known as the Schist-Greywacke Complex) and variscan granites of high compositional variability. The N-S trending, granitic/rhyolitic porphyries of Vila Pouca de Aguiar (VPA) constitute two of the most important examples of these veins. Both porphyries intrude the main facies of the regional pluton (the VPA granite). The present study con...

The need to take into account the temperature regime as one of the main factors determining the stability of natural and artificial slopes in the permafrost zone is caused by the dependence of the strength properties of rocks on their temperature. In the frozen state, almost all rocks have a high bearing capacity, providing the ability to select effective open-cast mining parameters based on technological requirements. Mining operations violate the thermal regime of rocks in the instrument part of the quarries. As...

In Russia, Best Available Techniques (BAT) are considered to be Environmental Industrial Policy instruments, used both by environmental and industrial authorities. The Ministry for Natural Resources and Environment (Minprirody) and the Federal Supervisory Natural Resources Management Service (Rosprirodnadzor) are responsible for the development of environmental legislation and its enforcement. The Ministry for Industry and Trade (Minpromtorg) works out industry-related acts, sectoral and regional programmes, and u...

Since 2003, the Complex Expedition to study the historical waterways of Russia headed by S.I. Vavilov Institute for the History of Science and Technology of the Russian Academy of Sciences in collaboration with the staff of the Faculty of Geography of Lomonosov Moscow State University performed integrated geoecological exploration of the historical waterways of the Russian Plain. The following sites were explored: the Mariinskaya and Severo-Dvinskaya water systems, Ladoga and Onega canals, the lake-canal system of...

Petroleum companies have leading roles in modern economy, as their financial and economic performance to a large extent form the economies of petroleum producing countries. With the background of highly volatile petroleum markets and increasing inter-fuel competition, it is essential for the companies to find an optimal strategy for the long-term sustainable growth. The research aims a comprehensive study of set of indicators reflecting the performance of companies in the oil and gas industry (on an example of Rus...

Currently, information technologies used for emergency management are a set of separate local processes that have a narrowly specialized focus. Often they are not integrated into a single management system and do not have information interaction. Integration of information technologies into a single management system will create a single information environment that combines the resources of various systems for the purpose of operational processing of information about emergencies and response coordination. The pa...

For the rational organization of natural territories of historical and cultural significance, it is necessary: to develop a long-term strategy for nature management, to implement functional zoning and integrated landscape and environmental monitoring. The monitoring should be based on a detailed large-scale landscape-ecological research of the territory, including the compilation of a cadastre of landscape and landscape-historical complexes, an assessment of their ecological state and the identification of the mai...

Sustainability is becoming an integral part of all aspects of life. Education for sustainable development (ESD) is rather a new educational paradigm and an important tool for achieving sustainability. The aims of ESD are well-established, but there are still significant challenges in finding the most efficient and strategic methods of achieving these objectives. Plurality of ESD perspectives and methodological approaches, as well as variations in practice also apply to integration in higher education. The complexi...

The relevance of the work is dictated by extensive environmental pollution in the areas of mining waste storage by chemical elements of 1-3 hazard classes (Hg, Be, As, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Co, Ni, Mo, Ag, and Sb). The interaction of crushed sulfide-containing wastes with surface waters and atmospheric precipitation contributes to the formation of highly mineralized technogenic solutions with element concentrations exceeding the background and maximum permissible values several orders of magnitude. Land and water re...

The capabilities of existing intelligent decision-making systems are very limited, so for the successful solution of a wide class of tasks based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) reliable communication with the group of aircraft is required. For communication between individual UAVs, as well as UAVs with a ground station, Flying Ad Hoc Networks (FANET) and flying sensor networks (FSN) are used. Known works devoted to the development and research of such networks consider predominantly radio communication at the p...

Human societies have had to face various forms of threat, since the onset of our predecessors. For societies to survive they must be capable adapting to the fluctuations of environment, reinventing established society models and leverage development of technologies. Aside from securing sustainable society, development and implementation of technologies for defense against war conflicts, various forms of armed violence, including terrorism, but also natural disasters, epidemics or pandemics is indispensable endeavo...

The construction of interfaces that satisfy the requirements of users is an important task since the interface is the ?face? and ?control panel? of the entire system for the user. The study aims to reduce the semantic gap between the user and the developer at different stages of the development life cycle of the user interface by using a understandable sign form, with which the meaning of the object will be formed at various stages of its design. From this point of view, the article presents the results of an anal...

The construction industry is among one of the oldest engineering sectors, whose foundations date back to far into the past. The architecture, engineering and construction were able to satisfy the needs of the people in the long run, which ranked it among the most important sectors that affected people's lives at all times. The industry was constantly evolving, which was reflected in many historical works. These buildings were for the time in which they were built very progressively. The efforts of people, technolo...

The econometrical time series are under investigation in this paper. The mathematical models describing connections between two time series in the form of VAR(p), Vector Autoregression, models are investigated. Their connection is confirmed by means of cointegration tests. If connected time series are described with some models (here the ARIMA, Autoregressive integrated moving average, models) with certain lag orders it?s assumed that maximal orders of ARIMA models are the upper limits for the orders of the VAR mo...

The ?Predicting a Pulsar Star? dataset has been investigated in this paper. The pulsars are special neutron stars emitting narrow beams of light with high energy into space. They rotate very rapidly and the signal repeats. Scientists seek periodic radio signals in order to detect these objects. Of course, frequency patterns vary from one star to another. The signal is averaged on a lot of rotations. At the same time a lot of pulsar candidates are just radio noise. There is a lot of objects to check. In this task m...

Nearly 20 years have passed since the European Community implemented the European Directives on water management. Its main directions are the achievement of good water quality and the implementation of water management principles. In Georgia, this process has been underway already for 3 years. The country's territory is divided into 6 basin areas. One of them is the Rioni River basin, whose area is 13,000 km2 with up to 700 rivers. In addition, there are reservoirs and a system of irrigation canals. In the downstr...

Phthalates and phthalic acid esters are actively used in the production of PVC-materials in order to make them resistant and flexible. They might migrate from the materials to the environment both under exposure to external physical factors, and without them. Phthalates impact negatively on the human organs and systems like the hormonal system, liver, kidneys. In addition, they have a systemic effect. The analysis of phthalates migration from polymer packaging into food is of the greatest interest for the research...

Poor air quality adversely affects human health, the environment, and the climate. Air pollution also harms ecosystems by contributing to eutrophication and acidification of water and soil, leading to loss of flora and fauna. Vehicles, industry, power plants, agriculture, households, and waste contribute to Europe's air pollution by various pollutants. For example, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) emitted directly into the air from coal and biomass combustion in households and from commercial and institutional buil...