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Air pollution became a real public concern for countries all over the world. Increasing anthropogenic emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) can cause a substantial increase in ground-level ozone, which is a secondary air pollutant produced by photochemical interaction of NOx and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), through a complex set of reactions under the influence of solar radiation. Ploiesti is one of the main cities in Romania, which is facing with anthropogenic atmospheric emissions that result especially from ...

Study case is situated in Caras Severin County. Every sediment transport model application is different both in terms of time and space scale, study objectives, required accuracy, allocated resources, background of the study team etc. For sediment transport modelling, it is necessary to know the characteristics of the sediment in the river bed. Therefore it is recommended to collect a number of bed sediment grap samples. These samples should be analyzed in terms of grain size distribution.To solve theoretical prob...

The Permian sedimentary succession exposed in Sirinia Basin (South Carpathians, Romania) provides a record of mixed siliciclastic-volcanic rocks. The siliciclastic rocks are represented by conglomerate, sandstone and claystone, which are grouped into nine lithofacies (Gmm/mg, St, Sh, Sm, Sr, Fl, Fr, P) occur in a predictable order as repeated fining-upward cycles. Groups of associated facies are arranged into five distinct architectural elements (gravel channels, ribbon-channel, sandy channels, laminated sand shee...

This paper consist of creating a conceptual model of the first aquifer identified in the central area of Bucharest. The conceptual model was developed in three stages: the spatial schematization, the parametric schematization and the hydrodynamic schematization, based on data from geotechnical boreholes. Mathematical modeling of groundwater flow requires knowing the entire system, from the geological and spatial distribution of permeable geological structures to hydrogeological parameters of the aquifer (hydraulic...

The Rutbah formation is one of the most important reservoirs at the Saban field east of Syria, it can hold up to 40 % of the hydrocarbon volume at the area. The Rutbah formation sediments are belong to the early Cretaceous (late Neocomian age). The Rutbah formation sediments at the Saban field are subdivided according to the well logs accompanied with sedimentological data into two parts from down to top which are; the lower Rutbah and the upper Rutbah. The lower Rutbah forms a good quality reservoir with typical ...

Interfaces of rocks with different mechanical properties influence on seismic stress field appearing in rock mass during the earthquake. This influence may increase seismic load applied to underground objects located near the interface, so it should be taking into account in seismic analysis of the structures. For this aim the problem of elasticity theory about stress state of the ring supporting an opening in the half-plane, which is united with a half-plane of another material is considered. Lengths of seismic w...

The primary aim of earthquake resistant design is to prevent building collapse during the seismic event, but severe earthquakes have a low probability of occurrence during the life time of the structure, therefore in contrast to traditional structural design in earthquake design, structures are permitted to work in post-elastic domain under seismic load. It would require a large lateral stiffness of the structure and an expensive resisting system to design the building to have an elastic response. Because of these...

The paper highlights the seismicity of the Strei-Hateg depressionary system. This system is situated in the western part of the Southern Carpathians, and consists of two intermountain, post orogenic basins, Hateg basin and Strei basin. These two basins are separated by a threshold. The seismicity is characterized by moderate magnitude with a maximum magnitude of 4 (Mw) (8 September 2013) and by the presences of the seismic sequences. In the area are known two seismic sequences, one in 2011 of 14 earthquakes of 2 t...

There are already numerous attempts to scientifically relate seismicity to a number of precursors in seismologically active areas. There are also attempts to identify phenomena that may trigger the seismic events, especially the high magnitude ones, such as active tectonics or the Sun пїЅ Earth пїЅ Moon gravitational interactions. When studying the ROMPLUS Earthquake Catalogue [1], the time variability of seismicity in the Vrancea zone, characterized by both crustal and intermediate depths earthquakes, the results...

Sustainable design attempts to be perceptive to the environmental impact of the building project at each construction stage by evaluating the site, the embodied energy of the selected materials, as well as the proper construction techniques, adjusted to the local conditions. Moreover, physical hazards (flammability, corrosion) and/ or health hazards (toxicity, irritations) of the materials are especially important not only for the construction workers, building owners and occupants, but also for the environment, c...

The seismic investigation of buildings is in accordance with two important Romanian Codes, P130/1999 and the seismic design code P100-2013. Criteria for selecting buildings proposed to be seismic investigated/monitored are numerous: seismic zoning of the territory; data on structural system and types of existing structural systems, depending on the material pre and post-1940; the effect of vibration other than from the seismic vibration; location-site; seismic stations and sensors, sensors position/location in a b...

The proper selection of the structural steel grade has to take into account a lot of factors and, for structural steels, a minimum ductility is required so that the material shall have sufficient fracture toughness to avoid brittle fracture of the tension elements at the lowest service temperature. In this paper we present the methodology for selecting the toughness of structural steel with respect to EN 1993-1-10: 2003 and SR EN 1993-1-10: 2005. Establishing the steel sub-grade for the steel main girders of a rai...

The two-dimensional profile curves created by Barton are often used in geotechnics for the determination of the rock joint coefficients. These two-dimensional profiles of solid surfaces show self-affine properties, i.e. they are scaled differently in x- and y- directions. Similarly, the three-dimensional reliefs (3D) of solid surfaces are scaled differently in z-direction in comparison to x- or y-directions. Therefore, the vertical sections of surface reliefs (two-dimensional profiles) are self-affine curve (self-...

The air traffic in the European Union and operation of individual airports, including service provisions, belong among the most unregulated industries. Free market economies result in keen airport competition, and especially those airports are affected that compete for customers of the same catchment area. Passengers prioritize airports not only because of the quality of the services offered and provided but passengersпїЅ priorities also reflect presentation strategies of airports, as well as their communication a...

There is an increased concern about the constantly mounting amounts of sewage sludge due to different factors, in particular population growth and urbanization. Therefore, besides common sewage sludge disposal, innovative solutions are required, such as by energy recovery. The present research aimed at evaluation of the energy potential of sewage sludge from a Romanian municipal wastewater treatment plant. A viable and sustainable solution for the removal of sludge is the "transfer" of this so-called waste, in pel...

Authors examined particularities in shelf oil and gas production. Social-economic aspects have been revealed of consequences during underwater production and pipeline transportation of hydrocarbon crude. Volumes of losses from emergencies at pipelines and platforms were analyzed with differentiation of principal world shelf oil and gas production regions. Loss volumes were estimated for the North-Eastern European region with reference to components of hydrocarbon production and transportation systems. Methodical a...

In paper the most important input variable revolutions (rpm) of drilling tool is analyzed by utilization of Shewhart control chart. The revolutions of drilling tools have a double meaning, in term of the performance and economics. Two measured variable namely pressure force F (N) and speed of rock drilling v (mm.s-1) closely related with revolutions. In general, control charts are used as a proven means to improve the qualitative parameters of production and in the prevention of errors, discrepancies in production...

In water bodies of the Upper Silesia and D?browa Basin region (Southern Poland), shore processes should be considered on a micro scale owing to the small area of these lentic water bodies, especially when compared to large bodies of water around the world. Intensive geomorphological changes manifest themselves as abrasional forms (e.g. cliffs, terraces), which are found in small numbers on the banks of reservoirs impounded by dams and are more numerous within flooded mineral workings. On the other hand, accumulati...

In Poland, beavers have colonised all types of valley landscapes пїЅ from late glacial coastal lowlands and lake districts in the north of the country to upland and mountainous ones in the south. Studies of geomorphological effects of their presence in valleys of small rivers in the Oder and Vistula River basins have confirmed the results of earlier observations conducted in forest zones of North America and Europe. In Polish territory, effects of the changes related to the beaversпїЅ activities have been studied ...

In this study, the geomechanical properties of the heterogeneous limestone rocks in ??rnak coal mine roof cemented at cracks and the effect of the qualities of cementing paste fill on strengthening by the different silica fume paste were investigated. For this purpose, uniaxial compressive strength, point load strength, impact resistance, friction with Abrasion Loss, Impact Abrasion Loss (Los Angeles Assay) tests were managed following the cemented 50x50x50mm blocks. Even the physical properties; density, water ab...

A starting point for roadheader robotisation (understood as a fully autonomous machine) is to automate the cutting process, which is the basic working process carried out by such machines. In case of boomпїЅtype roadheaders, it consists in automatic control of the movement of cutting heads to ensure that the face surface can be worked with optimum process parameters. This will guarantee high drilling efficiency (drilling advancement) and lower energy consumption, reduced dynamic loads and elimination of overloads....

Many oil and gas low permeable reservoirs have been stimulated to enhance productivity. Acid fracturing is one of the commonly used well stimulation treatment in carbonate formations, such as limestone, dolomite, and chalk. Carbonate reservoirs are good candidates for acid fracturing since strong acids such as hydrochloric acid react easily with carbonate. The acid reacts within the fracture to create a differentially etched surface that will maintain a conductive pathway. Habitually, a pad fluid is injected ahead...

The aim of this study was to develop a rapid and relatively simple protocol for the simultaneous quantitative determination of the main volatile compounds acetoin and diacetyl found in yogurt. Both these substances are the common flavor components in cultured dairy products. Acetoin/diacetyl determination is important because its concentrations represent criteria for the quality appreciation of the lactic starter cultures. This proposed method employs the reactions of acetoin and diacetyl with 1-naphthol and creat...

The presented paper deals with the design and examination of steel towers of electrical transmission lines with circular or polygonal cross section. Structures of this kind are a safe and reliable option when selecting the appropriate structural solution, but nevertheless often remain omitted due to difficulties with design methodology. The cross sections of conical towers are in majority of cases categorized as class 4 sections. Being classified as such, they are in certain loading situations considered as shell ...

The combination of wood-PVC was used for the first time at an outdoor fire test on a reduced scale. From a scientific point of view, there is a strong the need to repeat similar fire test with a combination of materials that occur in the interior of buildings. It opens the opportunity to confront theory with the results of similar tests carried out. The combination of traditional and modern materials in interiors of buildings occur very often. Both wooden and or wood-plastic composite materials are mainly used to ...

The article discusses the need to introduce energy management of municipally-owned buildings provided by the concept of Smart Cities. Cities use many buildings. These buildings also have a different nature of use, such as offices, schools, social care homes, etc. All these buildings consume energy that needs to be monitored and regulated. Energy management needs a large amount of relevant data on these buildings together in one comprehensive system. When planning building revitalization, it is necessary to have su...

In this work are highlighted a few basic features of the smart clothes. This concept is extremely useful, it represents the future and this time, technology will be used to monitor out body to not only make life easier for us. The smart clothes purpose is that to monitor the human body behavior throughout the day without discomforting the persons somehow. In case if it detects an abnormal reading of the data received from various sensors, using the fuzzy logic the system will issue a warning on a certain level dep...

The analysis of naturally fractured reservoirs is very comprehensive because of their structure, which includes the matrix of high porosity and low permeability as well as fractures of low porosity and high permeability. The situation is more complex in gas-condensate reservoirs in which the condensate accumulates in the fractures, what prevents them to maintain their base role as the most permeable conduit for the hydrocarbon flow. One of the most successful process to enhance recovery from dual porosity reservoi...

This paper reviews the main transborder issues on the territory of Commonwealth of Independent States (former USSR) of principally associated with natural and human induced hazards involving waste contamination from extractive industries. The Soviet Union included 15 states that had unified political and economic system. In 1991, after the collapse of the USSR, on the territory of the previously united country, were formed 15 independent states, respectively new boundaries were shaped, and existing environmental p...

Free geodetic networks are networks of points which absolute coordinates are not known, but only their relative position in relation to each other. This network is invariant to translation and rotation, and possibly a change in the scale. Degrees of freedom of this type of network cause singularity of the normal equations coefficient matrix N, therefore the use of general inverse is required, and the most commonly used is Moore-Penrose inverse or pseudoinverse. This paper presents available commercial software whi...

The Lojane arsenic-antimony deposit with its former mine facilities, for a longer period, represents source of contamination with heavy and toxic metals into the air, water and soil. Remains of mine waste in Suvi Potok near the Vakcince village, open waste and concentrate storage pond from the Lojane Mine and storage of reagents and toxins near the Tabanovce village represent source of pollution with As, Sb, Hg, Tl, Pb, Mo, Mn etc., which directly threaten surface and ground water in the vicinity of Vaksince, Loja...

Along the whole history, the human civilizations were depended mainly on the soil fertility and further on the ecosystem well function and its appropriate characteristics. These functions (as natural processes occurring in ecosystems) depend on its structure (on biotic and abiotic constituents respectively) and provide ecosystem services. The paper emphasized the way that one of the ecosystem services, essential to our health and well being, as the пїЅregulation of the nutrients and their uptake? arises from the i...

The paper describes and analysis loess substrate collapsing under embankment as a result of flooding. The threat of huge settlements is wide spread on large loess deposits areas especially in south part of Asia. The popular in Russian Federation and common used method developed by authors is the compaction of substrate by soil columns. It is used in a variant covered with geosynthetic as barrier and reinforcement under an embankment. Authors present results of numerical calculations in direct numerical determinist...

The paper presents the physical and mechanical behaviour of an expansive clay, coming from a site in Cluj-Napoca, Romania enhanced by a polyethylene waste material. Given the current research directions of international projects, this paper fits the less studied theme of the usage of recyclable materials for soil stabilization. According to recent studies, in EU just 40% of waste materials are recycled and this low percentage opens a wide perspective for the re-usage of these materials as fillers in stabilized soi...

In this paper, the authors discussed one of the Hume-Rothery conditions for occurring substitutional solid solutions in the context of binary relations. The analyzed condition says that substitutional solid solutions may form if the ionic radius of the solute and solvent ions differ by no more than 15%. Because the problem concerns a mathematical connection between two objects, the authors suggested describing this problem using the set-theoretic notion of binary relation. In this context, the possibility of formi...

A method of solving the selection problems with fuzzy parameters by means of a special algebraic structure is proposed. To construct such an algebraic structure, we propose a special transformation of existing fuzzy numbers to the simpler form (L or R number) while keeping the most of the initial expert information. This structure avoids deficiencies limiting applicability of the other known structures, such as unjustified extension of the uncertainty, violation of certain natural relations, openness of the carrie...

The temperature of some surface and ground waters in Romania was measured during the 2015-2017 time interval at high temporal resolution in order to identify the main thermal properties and their oscillation. The water monitoring in B?ile Felix area was undertaken at Fp3 water well and Ochiul Mare Lake. The measuring sites in Geoagiu-B?i area are represented by water pumped from F3 water well and a thermal spring in Cibului Gorge. The outflowing groundwater from 2 water wells was measured in HпїЅr?ova area. In ord...

The present paper represents a first for Romania as it aims to empirically analyze the 26 collision cases between military aircrafts and birds registered during 1967 пїЅ 1991. The paper is based solely on the observations made in the above-mentioned period by the Chief of the Meteorological Division within the Romanian Air Force Headquarters between 1990 and 1993 (PhD meteorological engineer and retired commander). This article completes various scientific and statistical studies in the field, which were missing i...

The article observes the results of numerical simulation of the interaction of socketed shafts with rocks under the action of horizontal loads. The study revealed the following features of deformation and failure of the system "shaftпїЅ rock mass". Analysis of the obtained results confirmed the conclusion previously made by other researchers that the curve of deformation of the socketed shaft may be approximated by bi-linear dependence, in which the inflection point corresponds to the end of the linear section of ...

Leaking oil, diesel, gasoline and other dangerous substances transported in large amount mostly on roads and railways affect the soil, rivers and underground fresh water. The fast reaction is necessary in order to stop leaking and to protect the surrounding environment. There are usually no special sorbents at the place of accident, therefore improvised sorbent should be used. Some of natural sorbents are surprisingly effective. Improvised sorbents were experimentally deeply tested in order to find out their chemi...

This study focuses on the source potential distribution within the Menilite Beds (Oligocene) in the Central Carpathian Synclinorium (Silesian Nappe) in the eastern part of the Polish Outer Carpathians. This region of the Polish Carpathians is one of the oldest petroleum-producing regions in the world, where in several folds plenty of oil and gas fields were discovered. The Menilite series contain the best source rocks in the Carpathians: the Menilite Shales, in which the liptynite group with humic components is a ...

We analyze source spectra of 30 moderate earthquakes (M ? 4.0), occurred in Albania during the period 2009-2015, with the aim to estimate their dynamic source parameters. Using broadband seismic records (BB) of Albanian Seismological Network (ASN), along with those from other regional ones, data representative of local tectonics of Albania, are selected. To achieve the displacement source spectra S(f) of S-wave, we adopted the Brune ?-square model, after correcting for instrument response and path effects. Obtaine...

The technological progress did assure in the past the desire of the humanity to increase the quality of life. The developments did however emphasize that beside wanted effects of technological progress, undesired effects can appear. In order to find solutions for this dilemma, global debates on scientific and political levels started some time ago. In the Brundtland Report 1987 the concept of sustainable development has been defined and accepted as a possible solution for the global complex problems. When consider...

The management of construction waste it is at an early stage in urban areas and lacking in rural areas where this fraction is frequently uncontrolled disposed on public lands. Despite the fact some items of construction waste are considered inert for the environment (soil, concrete) it also contains hazardous items (paint additives, cans, and containers) or recyclables (plastics, metals, wood). Potential recovery of this waste stream is high if it is properly managed. The paper estimates the potential amounts of w...

Genesis, transport and accumulation of settled sediments of mountain rivers are such random processes in time and space, which are defined by the river flow rate (Q m3/s?c), height of the basin (IпїЅ), the inclination of the river and basin geology. Genesis and the volume of river sediment is the function of the climate and, in accordance with its cycles, it increases during the warming period and decreases as the temperature falls. The main natural factors for sediment formation are the glacier, erosion, landslid...

The rapid increase of the population, misuse of natural resources, contradictions about potential land use are the most important problems on the agenda of many developed and developing countries around the world. In the last century, the migrations from urban areas to rural areas due to labor force employment and living conditions led to the growth and urban expansion in the cities. This situation reveals the necessary changes in land use in order to provide people with the fundamental needs such as food, accommo...

This report presents an approach to building specialized computeromputer-aided software engineering (CASECASE) tools for the development of information information-calculating applications including computer aided ac counting, business correspondence, statistics etc. These tools form an integrated development environment allowing the computer aided development of different applications in this field. The concept of the integrated development environment is defined as a set of tools and techniques allowing the desi...

The Tourism Resort Praid is one of the most dynamic resorts in Harghita County, Romania. In 2006, the settlement was given the title of resort. Since 2006 the resort started an accelerated development and is being affected by a series of new and old geographic risk factors. To determine these risk factors we used the direct observation method, quantitative and qualitative analysis, GIS analysis and representation, and cartographic method. Among these risk factors we will enumerate some natural risk factors like ex...

This study is devoted to the investigation of zooplankton biodiversity and their adaptation to the short growing season of polygonal pond, located in the largest Arctic delta - the delta of the Lena River (Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Russia). Samples were obtained within the Russian-German project "Expedition Lena" (August 2013, June-August 2014). Investigated polygonal pond with thickets of macrophytes shallow, well-oxygenated, weakly mineralized with low conductivity, slightly alkaline pH. The pond freezes in w...

Numerous past studies proved the potential of fluorescence spectroscopy to characterize aquatic organic matter and its link to function and chemical water quality. It was proposed as an optimum monitoring method due to its advantages, such as: rapid measurements, high sensitivity and selectivity, requires small quantities of sample with little or no sample preparation. Although fluorescence spectroscopy was used on different types of water systems, no complex study was undertaken to compare the fluorescence signal...