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When we carry out inference automation, the time required to complete the inference procedure is very important. The shorter the time, the more effective the procedure. If we carry out the logical inference procedure manually, then we make a choice of a sequence of steps. In this case, the person takes into account the specifics of the problem being solved. It does not act formally, but taking into account the substantial meaning of predicates. If we are going to shift the inference procedure to a computer, then w...

To understand the natural causes of the ?global warming?, it?s necessary to know the temporal evolution of the warm and cold phases of some cosmic phenomena with a cyclical development that induced the general climate of our planet in the past. For historic times, the climatic effects of shorter cycles are manifested more than those of longer ones, which are less visible. Thus, the ?global warming? (in fact the ?Actual Climatic Optimum? - ACO) can be regarded as the last warm phase of the mini-glaciations cycle. T...

Vietnam has been developing rapidly in the direction of a market economy, a strong economic development, an industrialization and modernization process is taking place, and it is increasing population. Quickly created new demands on land. Besides, the development of agriculture must also be a priority to ensure the issue of "Food security". Agricultural land fund is declining due to the development of industries and services, along with infrastructure development and desertification of land. This is an indispensab...

The hydraulic systems used in the aviation industry use pressurized fluids that transmit energy to various driving systems of the aircraft (hydraulic motors, cylinders or hydraulic actuators). It is known that hydraulic fluids, along with the fuels used, present a potential risk of fire, which can lead to damages or the loss of the aircraft, often with very serious consequences. At the same time, in the event of a plane fire after the crash, hydraulic fluids can be an additional fuel source. For these reasons, the...

This paper describes the tools developed for modelling mine-ventilation networks and postprocessing simulation results using the Aeroset software, with a specific focus on solution visualization tools. These tools are aimed at simplifying the analysis of simulation data of large ventilation networks ? the visual representation and graphical analysis of models of such ventilation networks, with many (more than 1000) branches, becomes difficult without the use of specific tools. The following special tools are sugge...

The current study encompasses a total of thirteen municipalities along the border of the Republic of Serbia. They are as follows: Bregovo, Boynitsa, Kula, Makresh, Belogradchik, Chuprene, Chiprovtsi, Georgi Damianovo, Godech, Dragoman, Trun, Treklyano and Kyustendil. The borderline territories with the Republic of Serbia are in the North Western and Mid Western parts of Bulgaria. The actuality of the issues concerning the listed municipalities relates to the fact that the greater part of them belong to the most un...

The authors propose an algorithm for automatically constructing rules for control subsystems, which can be attributed to fuzzy regulators. Numeric variables used to obtain information about the control object and control actions by which a human operator controls the object in the work are presented in the form of linguistic variables. The membership functions of these variables are constructed as a result of an expert survey. The example describes the operation of the simplest odd regulator with readymade rules. ...

The study of landslides is of particular importance because they can lead to great material damage. The region of the Bulgarian northern Black Sea coast is affected by many landslides and it is important to monitor motions of the major landslides in this area. The paper outline deformation analysis of the landslide processes in the area of ?Dalgiya yar?. It is a landslide circus from the Varna landslide region that covers several active landslides, whose boundaries are overlapping and for that reason are difficult...

The Arctic is one of the regions in the world where nature has been preserved in its original form. But at the same time it is the most environmentally vulnerable region. And in recent decades, anthropogenic influence has been enhancing due to interest in this territory. Focal economic development is characteristic of the high-latitude Arctic. It leads to the formation of local pollution sources and other types of negative environmental impact. In this regard, the study of soil characteristics is an important obje...

This work presents some preliminary results of using oxygen isotopes ratio (?18O) for diagnostics of transient layer of upper permafrost of the coastal plains of Eastern Chukotka, NE Russia. Study methods included drilling of active layer and transition zone of permafrost and stable core isotope ratios analysis. The study revealed that ?18O values of ice from transient layer ranges from ?11.5? to ?14?. These values differ from those for massive ice beds and ice wedges in this region that allowed us to use stable i...

Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) surveys can enhance the quantity and quality of information, when applied to archaeological prospection. The potential of the GPR method lies in its relevance to a wide range of site conditions and the complementary nature of the data in comparison with other geophysical methods. The Aegyssus archaeological site is located on the Monument Hill, in the north-eastern section of Tulcea, and was built at the end of the 4th century B.C. Its name, of celtic origin, derived from the legenda...

In current times of increasing weather extremes and climate change, there is a request for cheap and also high-quality agricultural products. It is important to fertilize soils and improve their physical and chemical properties to increase an agricultural production. To improve soil properties are used various organic materials, and biochar is one of them. Biochar, a product of thermal degradation of biomass, helps to improve the hydro-physical properties of the soil. It is produced from biomass by pyrolysis proce...

The use of geo-information technologies is the main distinctive feature of modern economy. Currently, the level of privatization of domestic agriculture is of serious concern. Effective agricultural production is based on information on exact areas of fields which are under agricultural crops and negative erosion processes. The cartographic material, which is usually used for organizing agricultural production, loses its relevance over time, the reason for this is the growth of a gully-beam network, closed waterlo...

The business is under constant pressure to improve their environmental performance, in particular, in response to scarcity of natural resources and the higher societal expectations for social and environmental responsibility. Therefore environmental management has become crucial to overall business management. In the new series of ISO standards, the ?risk-based thinking" underlies the development and implementation of the environmental management system. The risk-based approach allows the integration of risk manag...

The paper deals with the problem of avoiding karst and suffosion development upon projecting engineering structures in the areas of covered karst. It is shown that in case the depth of subsurface part of buildings with deep-seated foundations may be varied depending on the geological structure, the choice of foundation depth should be aimed at preventing possible karst and suffusion development. This approach is exemplified by the case of Bol?shoi Theater building reconstruction in the center of Moscow. A well-gro...

The paper presents a new technical solution for the device of the primary sensing element of the MET sensor that stabilizes the temperature characteristics of the device due to the fact that the background current flowing through the cathodes of the converting element is controlled by a specially designed electronic circuit depending on the ambient temperature. In this case, a current is passed through the anodes, the value of which depends on the temperature according to a certain law. The cathode current value i...

Soil compaction is a significant process of soil degradation worldwide which affects the productive function of the soil, but also its susceptibility to other degradation processes of the soil and landscape such as soil erosion and floods. There are primary and secondary reasons of soil susceptibility to compaction. Primary compaction is conditioned by the genetic properties of the soil. Secondary compaction is caused by human activities, directly ? due to wheel pressure of agricultural mechanisms, or indirectly ?...

A comparative analysis of large-scale soil maps and cartographic materials of precision farming systems is carried out. Soil maps are created by traditional methods based on ground-based surveys, desk-based decryption of topographic maps and remote sensing materials. Cartographic materials of precision farming systems are represented by maps of stable intra-field heterogeneity of soil fertility. Maps of stable intra-field heterogeneity are based on the analysis of big satellite data for 35 years. Comparison showed...

In the Danube delta, on the Sulina Channel, the morphology and bedforms characteristics have been investigated. 3D bathymetry, flow velocity, and bed sediments data have been acquired, in order to investigate the dynamic of the bedforms, the distribution of the water, and their influence against the river bed. A single observation (in May 2019) was made regarding the geometry, sediment composition and hydraulic conditions under which the dunes grew and decomposed. The investigation focuses here mostly on the geome...

Intensification of agriculture in order to increase efficiency and economic profitability brings about an increase in the input of foreign substances into the soil and surface water. The outflow of mineral fertilizers and pesticide residues can have a negative effect on organisms in the environment. High doses of fertilizers and pesticides also harm the quality of surface water, which is used for drinking water production. As a part of the research of a small sub-mountain agricultural catchment area, the specific ...

The article examines the paleogeographic conditions of rock formation of the Alakol depression from the Baikol era of the end of the Proterozoic in order to determine the most favorable deposits for oil and gas source properties, where to the north and south of the Alakol depression there were marine sedimentation conditions with the accumulation of deposits up to 1000m. it was found that in the Early Cambrian time, a contract relief developed east of the depression. In the Ordovician, sediments accumulate under m...

The rapid growth of urban population and evolution of economy and technology has led to different challenges for our cities. Cities consume more than ? of natural resources, they spew more than 70% of carbon emissions, they produce more than of 80% of GDP. Problems with air pollution, traffic congestion, bad quality of water, the lack of biodiversity require green solutions in order to solve multiple problems and to achieve sustainable development of environment and urban ecosystems. In the last years questions fo...

The world modernization, global development, maximum utilization of minerals and ruthless treatment of the environment by humans have created many environmental problems around the world, and Georgia is no exception. One of the richest deposits in Georgia are in Bolnisi, where the RMG (formerly Madneuli) mine is functioning, located in Kazreti, on the right bank of the Mashavera River. Open-pit mining processes causes soil and water contamination, which do harms to human health and ecosystem. Remediation projects ...

The paper deals with the pressing issue of energy saving in the production activities of forest companies. We see the solution to this problem in involving renewable energy sources to production. However, in most cases, the drying and thermochemical processing technologies used at enterprises are not able to meet modern requirements for energy consumption, environmental friendliness, and efficiency. To supply heat and electric energy to vegetable biofeedstock drying equipment, a self-contained complex energy-savin...

The advantage of countries with unique tourism resources is enhanced by a well-thought-out and focused innovation policy of state and regional organizations, which allows creating unique, attractive tourist offers that provide the state with a competitive advantage in international tourism. When researching the tourist potential of the territories and developing programs for their development, specialists have to deal with a large amount of information characterizing various aspects of space. An indispensable mean...

Alzheimer?s disease, the most common age-related dementia worldwide, is characterized by two pathologies: deposition of ?-amyloid plaque and neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau. To this date, several factors, such as oxidative stress, metal ions, or genetic factors are associated with Alzheimer`s diseases, but there are still some question marks regarding: (i) how the misfolding and aggregation of A? occurs and which is the aggregation mechanism; (ii) how the metal ions binds to A? and how they init...

Indoor air pollution monitoring is an important activity toward a more clean air for indoor environments as most of people spend a lot more time in such environments (as e.g. at home, at their workplace or at kindergarten/school/university). The quality of indoor air can have a strong impact on human health, due to longer exposure, especially when ventilation is poor. So far, some solutions were proposed for solving this problem, starting from simple stationary sensors, to more complicated mobile sensing networks ...

Recycling of asphalt is an important technological process applied worldwide. The strategy is to use as much milled, ripped or broke asphalt material into the new mixture. With the correct technological design, the maximum appreciation of this material is achieved. Due to the dominant use of asphalt mixtures in pavements, it is important to address the possibilities of their recycling. At present, a sufficient amount of reclaimed asphalt with good potential for further use is available in Slovakia. The problem is ...

The article is a summary of transforming geographic and environment research trends and shows new guidelines in the field of natural education in Ukraine in the context of the global process of sustainable development ensuring. It is argued that priority should be given to environmental studies, which will be considered exclusively in a set of three interrelated components. These are: 1) environment assessment as a natural area of society and analysis of its capacity to preserve the socio-economic and environmenta...

One of the most important parameters of pavement serviceability in terms of view road safety is without doubt skid resistance. By now, a number of different methods and devices have been developed for both friction and texture evaluation. However, while measurements of friction coefficients tend to be subject to a large number of boundary conditions, texture measurements are affected by device limits without the possibility of detecting surface irregularities at the microtexture level, which appears to be crucial ...

The investigations of the parental melts composition for the ultramafic lamprophyres from the Siberian Craton were provided. This type of alkaline rocks together with carbonatites and kimberlites is unique since it directly carries information about deep mantle processes. There is also industrial significance for such type of rocks, as they are potential sources of niobium, rare earths and many other critical elements. Study of inclusions of melt captured by minerals of alkaline rocks is a modern method of studyin...

The world practice of taxation shows that tax policy in most cases, when introducing environmental taxes, pursues the main goal of protecting the eco- system from pollution. This applies both to natural resources and to the conservation of aquatic bio resources, also considering the impact of the extinction factor of endangered species, listed in the state registers of flora and fauna. In this regard, each state independently determines the scope of environmental taxation on its territory. At the same time, it is ...

In modern studies, the idea is formed that the system approach is a conceptual design, the background in which one of its forms is fixed in the form of a system and its basic abstraction. The existing specific types of systems and their basic abstractions are the result of empirical fixation of ideas about the system approach, fixation of the formed concept of the system approach in the form of one of the types of system forms: "... the representation of an object in the form of a system is nothing more than a tra...

The main aim of this paper is the description of experimental operation of new bucket in real conditions of the open pit mine and the evaluation of surface temperature increasing in the case of new bucket application. The experiment was realised in two excavators KU 300 operated in the same mining conditions. The target of this experiment is the bucket surface temperature increasing evaluation and the verification of new bucket tooth geometry with tooth ESCO U35T possibilities in comparison with original variety. ...

Inventory of the shrubs species composition in the urban ecosystems in the city of Kherson revealed 129 species belonging to 65 genera, 26 families, 2 classes and 2 divisions. Major families of the studied shrub dendroflora are Rosaceae Juss. (36 species representing 27.9% of the total number of species), Caprifoliaceae Juss. (15 species, 11,6%), Oleaceae Lindl. (15 species, 11,6%), Fabaceae Lindl. (10 species, 7,8%), Berberidaceae Juss. (6 species, 4,7%), Hydrangeaceae Dumort. (4 species, 3,1%). Other families ar...

This paper analyses the vibrations and noises transmitted to the seafaring staff on a cargo river ship on the Danube between Novi Sad and Sulina. The ship has 5 people as sailing personnel: 1 captain, 1 coxswain, 1 mechanic, 2 sailors. The trip was made in the fall of 2018. Parallel measurements were made on the main bridge as well as inside the engines room, in three situations: ship leaving the shore, running and mooring maneuver. We measured and calculated the main vibration parameters: Vibration magnitude r.m....

The purpose of this paper is to present a viable gamification framework model which can be integrated into a web application to manage the life cycle of PhD Projects for the students in University of Economics - Varna. To build such a framework different game design principles which can be applied in an enterprise environment are discussed, alongside an overview of modern examples of software solutions in the subject area. The model takes advantage of the competitive nature of PhD students by implementing trophy c...

The paper deals with an analysis of an endless thin-walled beam on an elastic subsoil. Winkler's subsoil model has been used for modeling the subsoil. The analysis is presented in an analytical form for beams of infinite length. The analytical solution includes the analysis of both bending and torsion of the beam. In the solution of the bending of the beam, the effects of shear forces have been taken into account. For torsion analysis, an open cross-section has been considered, including the effect of cross-sectio...

This research describes such a problem as increasing the productivity of wells and the oil recovery coefficient by conducting various geological and technical measures, which based on correlation, regression, and statistical analyzes. These methods allow to analyse a possible interconnection of two or more numbers of indicators, also identifying the problematic well stock, and selecting a set of measures aimed at improving the efficiency of field development, including various geological and technical measures. Ex...

The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is considered a flexible and efficient mathematical tool in approaching the complex decision processes. The AHP method allows the reduction of the complex decisions to comparisons by pairs and, finally, to the synthesis of the results, contributing to the capture of the subjective and objective aspects of the decision. Also, the AHP method allows the check of the coherence for the evaluations made by the decision makers, thus leading to the reduction of the prejudices in the de...

In this work, we propose technology for processing protein-containing products - beans into protein components for nutrition, also the use of waste after protein in the energy industry. The technology includes several stages: extraction, separation of fractions, precipitation, concentration. The optimal conditions for each stage of the technological process were selected (the ratio of the sample to the extracting substance, pH, water module, volume of precipitant, the volume of washing fractions, drying conditions...

The main purpose of the research is investigating approaches of nanostructural perovskite obtaining. We used wide known methods, which used for studying microstructure and electronics properties such as atom-force and scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction method. The major findings of the research are following: recent developments in the physics of high-index resonant dielectric nanostructures suggest alternative mechanisms for subwavelength light control driven by Mie resonances with strong magnetic re...

In the framework of reconstruction of the Old Bridge, two exploratory wells were made in the channel of the Danube River. The depth of the exploratory wells was up to 55 m below the modified terrain around the bridge pillars. The role of the exploratory wells was verifying the thickness of Quaternary sediments and simultaneously verifying Neogene soils properties located in the channel of the Danube River. The exploratory wells verified that the Neogene subsoil of the Danube River is predominantly made up of silty...

Saline lakes located on the territory of Kulunda lowlands with semi-arid climate are unique ecosystems, geochemical features of which are constantly under the pressure of intense evaporation. Their hydrological and chemical balance, however, strongly depend on inflow from rainfalls, groundwaters and rivers. Surface and groundwaters of Kulunda lowland are formed under the influence of soda salinization and are characterized by an alkaline environment. The salinity often exceeds 1 g/L and can reach 2.5 g/L. Major io...

Nowadays it is critical to have the ability to quickly and reliably fetch huge amounts of heterogeneous data and apply Machine Learning (ML) models against it for better decision making. Successful processing of streams with data is crucial for real-time operations like extracting, filtering, transforming, aggregating with other data sources, persisting data to data warehouses, publishing to a different messaging topics or pipelines. With Machine Learning gaining high in popularity serious concerns are appearing a...

The paper deals with the laboratory testing of the shear strength of the soil-geotextile interface. Two samples of soil were tested, i.e., coarse-grained poorly graded sand and fine poorly graded ash. The soils were reinforced using the Thrace WG80 black woven geotextile, which is suitable for road, railway, and geo-bag applications. The tests were executed using a large-size direct shear test apparatus. The shear strength of the interface was determined using the large-size direct shear test apparatus. The ground...

Ensuring the stability of underground construction remains a challenge in terms of coal mining. The implementation of effective coal mining technology facilitates high rates of operations and simultaneous exposure of large-scale rocks. This problem is relevant both for Ukraine, where underground coal mining is the main one and for Kazakhstan, where the transition to combined open-underground mining is also underway. Supporting the mined-out space under complicated geological conditions requires an in-depth analysi...

The Black Sea is known by the shipping industry, even from history, that present many issues area for sailing. Thus, in the Black Sea basin, serious naval accidents take place periodically. An important influence on these serious naval accidents is the sea state conditions acting on the ships and the action of the wind. Thus, for a series of accidents identified in time and space, the wind characteristics were analysed, while the sea state conditions were simulated. Based on the information regarding the wind and ...

Development of passive margin, due to thermal cooling of the stretch lithosphere, creates a large accommodation space subsequently filled with sediments brought from the emerging continent once the river system is established [1]. This combination of rapid subsidence and sedimentation generates an instable architecture with large shelf progradation on top of early post-rift sediments [5]. Given the typical fine grain lithology of these deposits, in most of the cases they become overpressure and an ideally zone for...

In traditional soil mapping, erosion is mapped as a process. Erosion processes are modeled based on the analysis of large-scale topographic maps and digital elevation models. Traditional mapping of soil erosion suggests a high correlation between topography and erosion processes. In precision farming systems, the actual location of fragments of agricultural fields where there has been a decrease in soil fertility is mapped,. The study compares two approaches. It is shown that the actual development of soil erosion...