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This paper presents the results of ground vibration measurements and environmental issues occurred on tunnel blasting activities during KavacД±k-Beykoz waste water tunnel construction under a residential area in Istanbul, Turkey. Within the scope of the study, the blasting pattern of tunnel was engineered by using Tunnel 2000 design software. 5 events in 5 shots at S2 shaft tunnels, , 6 events in 6 shots at S4 shaft tunnels, , 32 events in 32 shots at S6-shaft tunnels and, 7 events in 7 shots at S7 shaft tunnels w...

The decolorization of C.I. Reactive Orange 36 (RO 36) by using Fenton-like process (Fe0/H2O2) was studied. Batch experiments were carried out for investigation of optimum operational conditions such as pH, H2O2 and Fe0 (iron powder) dosages. The results show that Fenton-like process is an efficient process to remove color from synthetic textile wastewater including RO 36 and polyvynil alcohol (PVA). The optimal conditions were experimentally determined and it was found to be initial pH = 3, [H2O2] = 50 mg/L, [Fe0]...

The demands existing at the European Union level impose a new approach of the problems concerning the mining exploitation from the point of view of the effects and pressure exerted by them over the environment and of all the consequences of the socioeconomic development. Starting from the strategic objectives imposed by the European programmes at the environment-protection level, corroborated with the rather slow rhythm of reform of the Romanian mining industry determined by the delay concerning the achievement, i...

Compulsory education is regarded as the most vital part of formal education. It entails that the individual shall be given education for a definite period of time during defined periods. All countries try to ensure that all young people enter working life with a minimum amount of human capital gained through the years of compulsory education. However it is observed that every country endeavors to apply a different standard for compulsory education. Specifically while we are in the integration process with the Euro...

This study was focused on the application of Fenton (Fe+2/H2O2) process for the decolorization of colored synthetic wastewaters. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and C.I. Reactive Blue 21 (RB 21) were used as model pollutants. The selection of the optimal operating conditions (initial concentration of H2O2 and Fe2+) was performed in a batch reactor. The optimal reacting conditions were experimentally determined and it was found to be initial [H2O2] 20 mg/L, [Fe+2] 37.5 mg/L for synthetic wastewater containing [RB 21] 50 mg...

This study examined the decolorization of one of the most commonly used reactive dye by using the Fenton-like process [Iron pyrite/ H2O2]. Raw iron pyrite ore contains 28,68 \% Fe. Oxidation experiments were run in 500 mL-glass beakers that were continuously stirred for up to 180 min at a constant rate of 200 rpm, after initiation of the Fenton process. A series of experiments were carried out at various concentration of hydrogen peroxide and raw iron pyrite ore while the pH value was kept constant at 3 in order t...

The investigated area has about 200 sq km and it is situated in the north of Eastern Carpathians. Our researches have been carried on samples at an altitude range between 700- 1800 meters a.s.l. There have been identified 4 forest communities: Calamagrostio villosae – Pinetum mugi Sanda et Popescu 2002, Hieracio transsilvanici – Piceetum Pawlowski et Br.-Bl. 1939, Hieracio transsilvanici – Abietetum (Borhidi 1971) Coldea 1991, Leucanthemo waldsteinii – Fagetum (Soo 1964) Tauber 1987. The goal of this study...

The aim of this study is to provide data on biological state of soil in depth, using the comparative study of general microbiota frequency and activity. For the quantitative analysis of soil microbiota, we have used soil samples for dilutions (10-1 - 10-6). The results were expressed in colony-forming units/g soil (CFU). The soil was sampling from Calimani National Park (The Oriental Carpathians) in October 2006, June and September 2007. The soil microbiota registers quantitative variations from one sample point t...

The importance of understanding Emotional intelligence (EI) skills has gravitated form the business management to training activities. The increasing number of recent researches on this relatively new subject have been tried to investigate its relationships to miscellaneous well-known concepts. Thus, this study aimed at exploring the relationship between one of those well-known concepts, job satisfaction, and emotional intelligence. To this end, a research has been conducted on the academic personnel (n=82) of fou...

There are 25 main river basins in Turkey. Konya Closed Basin (KCB) is 4th biggest basin according to its precipitation area which is about 53 850 km2. The area consists of two closed sub-basins those are referred to as Salt Lake Basin and Konya Basin. Disruption of the natural hydrological regimes and over-consumption of freshwater resources pose the principal threats to the wetlands, salt lakes and freshwater bodies. Irrigation schemes have diverted water from the streams that feed scattered freshwater resources ...

In the research, The Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA-scale) proposed by Hjemdal, Friborg, Martinussen, and Rosenvinge was used to assess students’ social intelligence. RSA-scale is consisted of 45 items including five dimensions: (1) personal competence, (2) social competence, (3) family coherence, (4) social support, and (5) personal structure. The internal consistency (Chronbach’s alpha) of all the dimensions is satisfactory high. The inventory was completed by the students twice, separated by a two-month i...

Romania’s joining the European Union implies its convergence with the economic European Space, both at a nominal and at a real space. The IMPACT programme stimulates the development of living research development projects and innovation through which directions of the Lisbon strategy of the European Union may contribute to improve the process of convergence and reduce regional disparities by absorbing structural funds devoted to research, technological development and innovation. The Valahia University of Targov...

In this study, the vibration and air shock measurement results are given in order to evaluate the environmental results of excavation works with explosions executed in the agrega quarry by Д°lkdal Mining Industry Ltd. Corp. which is working in the borders of Kemerburgaz region of Ey\"up county in Д°stanbul city on producing agrega. The blasting pattern, explosive material charge parameters and vibration measurement results of each blastings are recorded. In the research, the frequency and particle velocity quantit...

Biogas is a part of the natural circle. Biogas is formed by the activity of anaerobic bacteria. In nature biogas is produced for example in bogs. It is also possible to produce from biological material in an environment free from air. The gas that is produced is methane (CH4), which is an excellent fuel for heat, electricity, and cars that doesn’t drain the earth’s fossil resources. The raw-material in biogas production has traditionally been waste from the food industries, and communal sewage treatment works....

A finite difference method for solving the initial boundary value problem for one dimensional nonlinear system equations for investigating the quality of water on the model of shallow water flow over on isolated ringe in a class of discontinuous functions is suggested. In order to develop the numerical algorithm the special auxiliary problem having some advantages over the main problem is introduced. The solution obtained from the auxiliary problem represents all physical nature of the investigated problem with a ...

Our paper presents the results of a study concerning the possibility to use mushrooms for soil remediation after mining exploitation. The samples have been harvested from Calimani Mountains (Northern Carpathians) an important site for sulphur extraction in Romania. Despite, the sulphur mines have been closed from several years, soil and vegetation are still affected and is necessary to improve theirs qualities especially by biological methods. By oxidation processes, sulphur is transformed in air to oxides especia...

In previous papers, we emphasised the important antimicrobial properties of some pyrazine and quinoxaline derivatives. In order to extend the research in the 1,4-diazine series, in this study we investigate the synthesis and amtimicrobial properties of some pyrazine and 6-methyl-quinoaline new derivatives. To this stage, we synthesised various cycloimmonium salts with acetophenone skeleton. On further treatment of diazinium salts in alkaline medium, we obtained ylidic intermediates. The existence in situ of ylids ...

The world population has been increasing rather fast along with an inevitable rise in the process of industrialization. Today, the world population has reached 7.2 billion and it has been struggling for better standards of life. However, the ecological equilibrium has been tilted off as a result of depletion of natural resources and of the damage to the nature in order to obtain such packaging materials used for the needs of 7.2 billion people, mainly in terms of food and catering sectors as well as textile, furni...

Tourism is a distinctive labor intensive sector with human as its basic production component since it aims to sell and offer service. As human is the core focus of this sector and service is provided through human beings, training of the people who will be working in the tourism industry becomes vital. Especially the value addition to economy and provision of cultural tolerance enhances the importance of tourism sector not only for developing countries such as Turkey but also for European Union and for the rest of...

Low concentration of chlorinates maybe found in wastewater, contaminated soils and air due to different industrial sources. Low level of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)’s could be removed by adsorption, incineration and biofiltration methods. These methods have some disadvantages such as removal efficiency or high operation cost. Chlorine has been removed from the chlorinated aliphatic compounds under anaerobic conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate biological treatment of DCM and CT in high flow ...

In this study leachate from solid waste landfill in Konya Municipal area was used. Landfill occupies 24 ha area with an average height of 8 m in the total area of 350 ha at the present time. The amount of solid waste generated is about 800-850 tons/day in summer and 950-1,000 tons/day in winter months yielding the average leachate flow rates of about 100 m3/day. The main characteristics of the leachate are chemical oxygen demand in the range of 7,500-55,000 mg/L, biological oxygen demand after 5 days of 4,000-36,5...

The optimum pit limit design can be defined as determining the ultimate or final mining limits of ore deposit with maximum value or profit which is obtained from its extraction. Heuristic optimization techniques have been one set of the most widely used methods for ultimate pit limit analysis because of their rapid execution speed and easy conceptualization. This paper considers a heuristic technique, known as 3D moving cone to find the optimum pit limit of Sangan iron ore deposit in Iran. To evaluate the results ...

Almost any places in the world, people are using groundwater for drinking and usage needs because of reduced surface and spring waters sources in last decate. Settlement areas, agricultural areas, solid waste areas, industrial areas, waste water discharge areas have always potential to pollute the aquifer media. Boreholes areas for abstracting the ground water has to be picked up not to be carrying risk getting pollution on surface. So it’s necessary for the engineers that hydrogeologic properties has to be choo...

GPS RTK method has never achieved millimetre vertical accuracy. For the most common geodetic tasks such as surveying, staking out and monitoring, GPS RTK method in many cases has been limited by its measuring accuracy. Before the appearance of the new Topcon Lazer ZoneTM technology, we were able to achieve centimetre vertical accuracy (from 1 to 3 centimetre) using GPS RTK systems. Combining Topcon Lazer ZoneTM technology and Topcon GPS RTK HiPer Pro system accuracy of height determination can be increased to a mi...

Industrial processes do not get full efficiency and this means that a considerable amount of wastes without economical aim and which will finish in rubbish dumps, hence promoting a large environmental impact. Modern society steer itself, towards getting a sustainable development which minimize the production of these wastes, which are also increasing its economical, environmental and social costs. This fact compels to search solutions which could avoid the generation of this kind of wastes and to get value from th...

A new device for stress tensor measurement is developing on base relief overcoring method applied on conical shaped borehole bottom. Developing of equipment has progressed to two parallel types: for measurement of total rock stress tensor by overcoring procedure and for monitoring of induced changes of rock stress tensor impressed with uderground human activity (progress of long wall face,\ldots). This second type of device has been used to long term monitoring of the stress – strain changes. A functionality of ...

Renewable energy source is a source which energetic potential permanently renews with natureВґs processes or with the activity of man. Renewable-based energy sources have as yet played a negligible role in SlovakiaВґs energy balance. However there is the global trend toward more intensive use of these clean energies, therefore their higher utilisation is enshrined among the strategic goals of energy policies of most of the countries worldwide, including Slovakia. Necessity of energy and exploitation of the energet...

The paper deals with the description of natural conditions and implemented geophysical survey of a scientifically interesting slope deformation Doubrava Ujala, located in the municipality of Doubrava near the city of Karvina in the north-east of the Czech Republic in the reach of the effects of undermining caused by underground black coal mining. It is the case of the most extensive underground mineral mining in the Czech Republic, while the changes in the geological conditions are assumed to affect the slope defo...

The utilization possibilities of secondary raw materials in civil engineering are presented in this paper. Three various solid waste kinds were tested as a partial cement or natural aggregate material replacement in construction applications. The influence of mechanically and chemically activated coal fly ash as 25 wt. \% cement replacement and steel slag and recycled concrete as aggregate fraction replacement on compressive strength development of composites during hardening was investigated. The addition of the ...

Tunnels are the objects of road infrastructure which construction requires very complex, demanding, and responsible geodetic tasks. In the tunnelling, at first it is necessary to establish high quality geodetic control that serves as the base for the transfer of the planned tunnel axis in horizontal and vertical directions, as well as the base for all geodetic measurements realised before, during and after tunnel construction. The basic quantity for the planning the completely measuring concept in the tunnelling i...

This paper describes utilization of environmental data to support decision-making in environmental management and protection. This requires a thorough knowledge of related developments in computer science and a good understanding of the environmental management tasks at hand. As computational power increases, and observation systems sample the environment more densely in space and time, environmental datasets have become increasingly large and more complex. Furthermore, environmental datasets, both observed data a...

Norway is a mineral rich country, and many of the mineral resources are close to the very long coast-line with ice-free fjords. EU’s Mineral Wastes Directive (2006/21/EC) implementation date is May 1st, 2008. Strict control is applied to the handle of the waste from the industries, in addition to financial guarantees in case of accidents and long term monitoring. Norway’s deep fjords and resources in the vicinity of, or on the coast, or in narrow valleys near water bodies, therefore have special waste manageme...

The European foundry industry is the third largest in the world for ferrous castings and the second largest for non-ferrous ones. the annual production of castings in the enlarged European Union amounts 11.7 million tonnes of ferrous and 2.8 million tonnes of non-ferrous castings. The foundry industry is a major player in the recycling of metals. steel, cast iron and aluminium scrap is remelted into new products. The most possible negative environmental effects of foundries are related to the presence of a thermal...

Methods of estimating yield from ungaged watershed may be by using of climatic factors, only geographic location and watershed and climatic factors. Methods for estimating yields, as regional analysis, water accounting, direct runoff method, climatic and geographic factors, should be considered as giving estimates so broad that the influence of specific factors have large margins or error. Hydrologic simulation models in watershed modelling use mathematical equations to calculate results like runoff volume or peak...

Antimony mineralization has been intensively exploited at numerous deposits in Slovakia from 17th century until a while since. Weathering and dissolution processes in the environment of mine tailings and closed mines, mobilize elevated levels of toxic elements such as arsenic and antimony, which represent dangerous contaminants for the surrounding ecosystem. The problem of contaminated groundwater should be solved and one of the possible remediation method is the Permeable reactive barrier system (PRB). The choice...

Рђ possibility of using 3D laser scanning for collecting massive volumes of precise, high-resolution spatial data for deformation monitoring is discussed. This paper introduces laser scanning as an instrument which may be applicable to the field of dam deformation monitoring. The advantages of this technique for modeling and providing a much more valid representation of the actual surface shape are represented. Unlike traditional surveying techniques that collect hundreds of discrete data points over a period of s...

Technological developments in 20 and 21 centuries have highered up standards of living and created welfare and more comfortable living conditions for mankind. However, together with the increasing world population, environmental problems have also increased and diversified based on various reasons. Therefore, with the aim of solving the existing air, water and earth pollution problems and taking them under control, laws and regulations have been put into force and announced both internationally and domestically. T...

The Sungun porphyry copper deposit (PCD) is located in East Azarbaijan, in the NW of Iran. The Sungun porphyries occur as stocks and dikes ranging in composition from quartz monzodiorite through quartz monzonite. Four types of hypogene alteration are developed at Sungun, potassic, phyllic, propylitic and argillic. Based upon their phase content, four types of fluid inclusions are common at Sungun (1) vapor, mono-phase (2) vapor-rich, two-phase, (3) liquid-rich twophase, and (4) multi-phase. Halite is the principal...

Drilling rate is one of the main determinants of drilling cost. The performance of any drill bit is affected by the complex interaction of numerous factors. The principal factors that require consideration in predicting drilling rate, particularly for mining application, are the characteristics of the rock and the operating parameters of drilling machine. In this paper, the most important operating parameters of drilling machine were reviewed using many basic studies on drilling rate and dillability since 1956. Th...

Determination of Mining Limits (ML) for each of Open-Pit (OP) and Underground (Ug) is one of the most significant part impacts the economic aspects. Optimization process for the mentioned objective in both of OP and Ug mining was done on the economic block model. In this paper, the applied Optimization Algorithms (OA)s for ML determination extensively were studied. Because of the major difference between the shape and form of mining limits in two main exploitation methods, implementation of the algorithms in searc...

A standard imaging method in seismic data processing is the simulation of a zero offset section from seismic reflection data. In traditional imaging methods, e. g. NMO/DMO/stack, an accurate macro velocity model is needed. Common reflection surface (CRS) stack is a new data driven method, introduced in recent years which remove the necessity of making this model and just use the surface velocity to simulate zero offset section (2D) or volume (3D). In this article, we drive the CRS stacking on a synthetic data to o...

The filtering of binary images containing graphic and text information possesses typical peculiarities and uses heuristic processing procedures. At the same time the application of grey level methods for processing of digital images gives a lot of advantages. It is introduced an approach for the processing of binary images that is based on the adaptation of algorithms for grey level images like boundary detection, contour tracing, and line tinning. It is made the comparison of methods for binary filtering and corr...

Building a tunnel is a very expensive construction task, especially when cutting a tunnel in inconvenient geological conditions. The tunnel building is made drastically more expensive by badly executed works on the cutting itself, i.e. the excavation, and it happens when the areas of excavation cross-sections differ from the areas of designed profiles. It is therefore very important to monitor, apart from the direction of tunnel cutting in terms of position and height, also the areas of cross sections of the excav...

One of main concern of policy makers is pollution and hence the improvement of the environmental quality. The implementation of environment policies aims at improving life and product quality in order to replace those obtained by high polluting processes by less polluting ones. Countries having more strict environmental regulations are likely to suffer from a significant increase of their production costs. As a consequence these countries become less competitive on the international market and may lose their marke...

Anaerobic treatment system was used for determination of colour removal under batch conditions. Azo-dye (Reactive Black 5, RB 5) with glucose as a carbon source was used as a synthetic wastewater. The decolourization process follows first order kinetics with respect to RB 5 azo-dye concentration in batch conditions. Decolourization rate constant (k1) value for dye concentration of 150mgL-1 was 0.1751 h-1 in the batch experimental study performed with RB 5. Maximum Reactive Black 5 removal efficiency was obtained a...

Regression analysis is a well-established method to correct for grain size differences in suites of sediments. However, distortion caused by the presence of outliers and imprecision in both variables can hinder many common regression models from performing adequately. Median sum of weighted residuals (MSWR) regression is strongly outlier-resistant and accounts for imprecision in both variables for each member of a dataset. In a case study of Ni and Pb normalization for a suite of stream sediments in NW Iran, the a...

The Dalmatian region is a karst region built of Mesozoic limestone and dolomites. In the four Dalmatian counties aggregates and natural stone is quarried at 155 sites and there are 73 abandoned sites. A GIS based model on map-correlation and map-integration processes was used in order to define relationships between spatial layers and combine predictor factors in supporting a hypothesis. The response variable is the set of point locations of current aggregate and natural stone quarries (termed training sites), and...

Magnetism of soils is determined by the amount of strongly magnetic minerals, which may have different origin – inherent from the parent rocks (lithogenic); “in situ” formed during pedogenesis (pedogenic) and anthropogenic – from atmospheric deposition of particulates emitted from various industrial productions, which together with heavy metals contain also magnetic fraction. Due to the latter contribution, magnetic susceptibility of strongly polluted topsoils is significantly higher than the signal of non...

Petrophysical evaluation is one of the important stages in petroleum exploration activities and reservoir analysis. When a log is missing in a drilling well, petrophysiests hope to deduce it from other logs available in another part of the well or in neighboring wells, in order to define true petrophysic evaluation for corresponding well. This paper presented here, is an artificial neural networks (ANNs) modeling in one of the carbonate reservoirs in the south west of Iran. In this study, three separate ANN are ap...

Fly rock is one of the reluctant phenomenon in blasting operation. Several factors are effective in producing fly rock. As a whole, these factors can be divided into two groups; controllable parameters (blasting pattern) and uncontrollable parameters (geo-mechanical characteristics). One of the most important controllable parameters in blasting operation is blast hole diameter. Proper diameter is the diameter which is optimum from technical and economical point of view. Normally, statistical methods can be used fo...