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The accuracy of transference from the underground surface of the topographic reference system is determined by the mining work on topographic transmission papers. If mining is vertical, topographic operations are complex and require permanent preoccupation for improvement. The paper meets this requirement, presenting possibilities for improvement of junction methods (surface, underground) of topographic elements used for mechanical transmission. The mechanical method of transmitting the underground surface referen...

Scientific and technical progress created conditions for rapid development and introduction in surveying - geodetic production essentially and qualitatively new measuring and processing technologies. These technologies lay the foundation of formation and practical application of results of the geodetic measurements differing in more productivity, technological effectiveness and essentially important - bigger accuracy in comparison with traditional technologies [1]. Installation of the permanent base station of dif...

The stability of underground works has always occupied an important place in engineering. Their stability depends on how the design and execution of the underground works are done. The instability of underground works, in most cases, also has consequences on the surface because it can affect land and constructions. In the case of salt?s operation with rooms and pillars, the stability of the underground space depends on how the rooms and pillars were dimensioned. But besides designing the geometry of the undergroun...

The process of road construction in Poland, including mainly new sections of motorways, was intensified until 2012, when preparations for the European Football Championships were underway, to which events Poland was a co-organizer. And although this process has contributed to a significant improvement of the road network - various categories (mainly motorways and expressways in the east-west direction), the satisfactory state of road density and technical condition is lacking. Technical, financial and legal aspect...

The early 21st century is a time when unmanned surface vessels (USV) are used in various measurement applications. Modern autonomous and unmanned vessels are increasingly often used in bathymetric measurements whose aim is to measure the seafloor with the sufficient positioning accuracy. Therefore, the use of USVs in hydrography can be seen as the beginning of a new era in this regard. This paper presents bathymetric measurements with the use of an unmanned surface vessel in waterbodies of the Republic of Poland w...

The present paper comprises a complex topographic survey for the identification and registration of a farm type immobile consisting of company headquarters, stables, silos and concrete slabs for registration in the land book. The farm where the topographic works were executed is a farm specializing in the breeding and fattening of buffaloes, the production of milk and its processing. It was set up in 2007, and the initial constructions were built between 2007 and 2015. The farm is located at the entrance to Pecica...

Nowadays, according to the current century, the one of speed and information, the way of calculating the volumes of aggregates is desired to be much faster and more accurate in every aspect. The volume designates the property of a body to have three-dimensionality, that is development along three perpendicular axes on which the length, width and height are measured. All three those dimensions are actually length values that define the place which that object occupies in space. The theme of the project is to calcul...

At the Moscow University of Geodesy and Cartography (MIIGAiK) a new approach to learning C++ programming for students specializing in cartography and geodesy was developed. The training programs in C++ for students were written. Programs with geodetic content prepare students, future surveyors and cartographers to solve their specific tasks more purposefully than common standard programs and tasks. One of those programs calculates the plane rectangular coordinates of an additional searched point according to Gauss...

Digital elevation models play a crucial role in the analysis of complex spatial challenges. Given the international dimension of many environmental applications, elevation data have been integrated in the European INSPIRE directive (Annex II, Elevation theme). As a result, many types of data are offered in various formats by mapping agencies and governmental organizations within the European Union. Notwithstanding the national effort to publish these data under open and public licenses, and in compliance with inte...

The objective studied is a collective dwelling with the height regime of S + P + 3E and offices located on Str. Borhanci, Cluj County. From a geometric point of view, topographic surveying works ensure the application of various types of constructions, ways of communication, art works, hydrotechnical works on the ground. In our case, the execution of the tracing works was accomplished by moving from the upper to the lower order, from the geodetic state to the tracing base. An essential factor was the choice of the...

Global Navigation Satellite Systems became more and more popular. They are used in a lot of aspects of modern life. Users need to get better accuracy linked with small, easy to use receivers. The aim of this study was to analyse the accuracy of the NovAtel FlexPak6 receiver using Spirent 6300M simulator. NovAtel FlexPak6 is a brand new receiver fully integrated both with GLONASS and GPS systems. It allows to get better precision and accuracy of the determined position than with using only one of these systems. The...

Currently, there are four global satellite navigation systems (GNSS), American GPS, Russian GLONASS, Chinese BeiDou (BDS), European Galileo. Furthermore, there are several systems operating on a regional scale. It is widely proven scientifically and empirically that the correct combining of global satellite navigation systems (GNSS) shortens the time of convergence of precise positioning solutions, improves the accuracy and precision of determined coordinates, and also increases the availability of carrying out me...

The Chapel of St. Kinga is the world?s largest underground temple and one of the biggest attractions of ?Wieliczka? Salt Mine in Poland. The chapel is located about 101 meters underground. The floor is sculpted in a single salt block and impressive chandeliers of salt crystals are made. In the analyzed part of the mine, in chapel?s surroundings, there are almost exclusively dry exploitation excavations, where mining works had been conducted from the 17th to the 20th century. Observations of rock mass movements and...

The development of advanced indoor navigation systems for UAVs has encouraged an extensive interest because of its huge potential in military and civil applications. Global Positioning System allows working in an opened space; however, Indoor Positioning Systems are necessary to work more productively in covered places. The aim of this study was to analyse the state of the art of Indoor Positioning Algorithms. This study contains a description of the most popular Indoor Positioning Algorithms. Different technologi...

Aim of the paper is to explore the application possibilities of orthophoto maps and cadastre data for determination of spatial changes. One of spatial changes types is land degradation. In recent years is important to determine the land degradation and to take measures to prevent it. To carry out land degradation prevention measures, initially should determine the territories of degraded land. However, with the development of technologies and experience of land degradation assessment methods in the world, one of t...

Diamond SP-NDE Aircraft's route from 31.01.2018 on the basis of The Aircraft Monitoring System (AMS) was presented. Data were collected by using AMS and navigational parameters were described. Peculiar aircraft route in this paper was presented. W artykule przedstawiono wybran? tras? lotu statku powietrznego. The Aircraft Monitoring System (AMS) uses GNSS technology for Aircraft positioning. Abovementioned system is operational since 2013 in Polish Airforce Academy. Aircrafts can be continuously monitored thus the...

The documents of the general cadastre may result from the centralized and selective take over of the data and all the cadastral records from the specialized cadastre, regarding the immovable assets that are their object of activity. These selectively taken elements use to update the general cadastre after the end of its introduction into an administrative territory. One of the main steps for completing the general cadastre is the realization of the real estate cadastre. This article presents the way in which the d...

In recent years, the Cadastre of real estate in Slovakia focused on digitization and refinement of data as well as improvement and expansion of services related to provision of data from geodetic and descriptive information files. In 2015, territory of the whole state was covered by a coherent layer of vector cadastral maps; updated daily. Analog maps are no longer used. All property rights are registered in owner's folios. The current open cadastral system became an integrated and modular service that utilizes da...

This year marks the 21th anniversary of the completion of the tallest building in Romania, the 351.5 m smoke chimney in Baia Mare. The Surveying-Geodesy team of the North University of Baia Mare, at present a structure belonging to the Faculty of Civil Engineering of the Technical University of Cluj Napoca, monitored the verticality of the structure, immediately after completion, and then periodically, with a frequency of 1-2 years. This paper presents an analysis of the evolution of the vertical axis of the struc...

This article outlines the steps to be taken to ensure that the old Land Book Plans can work together with the current Land Plans and the Orthophoto Plans. For this purpose, scanning steps, georeferencing, must be performed. Then compare the old plans with the current ones by overlapping them over orthophoto maps. Following this stage, we can find out if there are differences between the older and the current plans or the current situation in the field. By overlapping, in the same reference system, we can very easi...

In this article was designated a relation of average values of measured curvatures of mining terrain with their forecasted values. These values were calculated by the use of the Bialek?s formula with the values of its parameters determined from the geodesic measurements results. The average graphs of measured curvatures were obtained on the base of average values of terrain subsidence caused by multi-seams exploitation of hard coal at the great depth. An exploitation was conducted by the use of longwall system, in...

Hydropower plants are objects which horizontal and vertical displacement must be monitored regularly. Method used for determination of horizontal displacements of the Hydropower plant Mostar in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and its practical execution are presented. Algorithms for regular adjustment of indirect measurements and S-transformations into optimal datum are also presented in this paper. Further, regular adjustments of indirect measurements of the reference and control point coordinates in the conventional dat...

This article is an analytical representation of the impact of two essential attributes which represent the accuracy of a point determined by a tacheometric measurement. The first value is the accuracy of the measurement station, which in polish conditions is accepted as error-free, just like the points of reference in geodetic networks are accepted as faultless, although they are not. Another factor is the accuracy of the measurement itself. The accuracy of such a designated point has a significant impact, among o...

Use of digital elevation models is crucial in fast growing need on developing project documentation to design roads and other buildings. There are a lot of different digital elevation models available online for free download and free use. However the production of such models come from different sources and one can expect different results using different digital elevation models. In this paper evaluation of such digital elevation models will be given. Faculty of Geotechnical Engineering is monitoring exploitatio...

In the protective pillar of the shaft in the mining area North Plant 2 the mining method Room and Pillar was practised on for trial from May 2014 to October 2017, which was suggested as inovation of the mining method Room and Pillar. The task of trial operation was to prove the utilization of the mining method under conditions of underground coal mines in the Ostrava-Karvin? coalfield. The principle of the mining method is leaving stable coal pillars to support the overlying layers and then extensive separation in...

Present GNSS receivers are made to become smaller, lighter and better equipped in one. Their possibilities allows to use them in a different kind of applications. The NovAtel FlexPak6 is a brand new triple-frequency GNSS receiver. This device gives a lot of new opportunities thanks to the wide range of built-in commands. The aim of this study was to describe the most useful commands for cooperating NovAtel FlexPak6 receiver with Spirent 6300M simulator. This study contains technical descriptions of the NovAtel Fle...

The paper presents the evaluation with experimental data of an ANFIS based INS/GPS integrated navigator. The experimental model of the INS/GPS navigator has been manufactured in the Aerospace Engineering laboratories of the University of Craiova, Romania, during a research project. This hardware structure was developed around an inertial module (inertial detection unit) incorporating three analogous miniaturized inertial sensors (LPY510AL - Biaxial analog gyro, LPR510AL - Biaxial analog gyro, MMA7361L ? Three-axia...

Considering the substantial increase in the number of buildings needed in the continuous development of human activities, no matter their destination (civil, industrial, social, cultural, hydrotechnical, communication etc.) and their environmental impact, it is required to increase attention to the activity of land and building monitoring, according to present laws. There is often needed a quick and precise answer concerning the monitored objective (land or building) behavior, which may help preventing any negativ...

The separation between the mobile plate (Phanerozoic) in south and west of the eastern European Precambrian East European Craton is the most prominent geological limit in Europe known as the Trans-European Suture Zone (TESZ) In this study we were mainly interested in a prominent segment of TESZ, known as the Tornquist -Teisseyre Area (TTZ). In this study we highlighted the TTZ area through the gradient of geoid from Romania. The geoid provides a good representation of the long wavelength characteristics of the Ear...

Mathematical determination of the course of the baseline is necessary to establish the external border of the territorial sea, which is the state border. Its determination mainly affects the defining of the range of sovereign rights of individual states. For Poland, the determination of the course of the territorial sea baseline can be considered in two main aspects: legal and measurement-related. This paper discusses the issue of preparing measurements of the baseline. It presents domestic and international regul...

Numerous errors and misinterpretations concerning the group refractive index of air are present in fields of geodesy and metrology. Many historical methods (e.g. Barrell and Sears, Edl?n) are still in a frequent use even if they are considered obsolete and inaccurate from today?s perspective. The goal of this paper is to interpret and evaluate Ciddor and Hill procedures which were published in Applied Optics in 1996, 1999 and 2002. Along a simplified method, articles by Ciddor and Hill from 1996 and 1999 were reco...

Investing in real estate has always been considered an attractive form of multiplying capital. It is not a risk-free kind of investment, nevertheless many people, decide to locate their money in that kind of good. There are many things that potential property investors have to analyze in order to minimize the risk of investment failure. One of them is property value. Most of the properties are sold according to market conditions. In other words, these are transitions where a willing buyer and a willing seller in a...

Property is a good of specific features that can satisfy many types of needs. Even though properties in many situations are identified with fulfilling living requirements (for example residential apartments) they can also be subject to the capital investment and the source of its obtainment. Investing in real estate is a proven way of income multiply. Buying an apartment for investment purposes is becoming a more and more popular form of investing capital, as rent income is more profitable nowadays than deposits a...

When documenting of existing bridges, object geometry knowledge is the highest importance. Complex construction documentation usually has limited spatial representation of the object, based on a limited number of basic forms of modeling, represented by edges, corners, planes and volume elements of the real object, and depending on the purpose, the model results must match within a certain accuracy with real object. Rehabilitation of bridges also involves the realization of detailed plans in situations where they n...

Experience has shown that all buildings and constructions are subject to displacements and deformations. There are no absolutely stationary and non-deformable constructions. Deformations are also caused by variable loads acting on the construction. For example, loads caused by wind, solar radiation, vibrations from machines during operation, seismic stress and others. The area in which the tallest building in Romania, i.e. the 351.5 m smoke chimney in Baia-Mare, is located has a very low seismic activity. In these...

The article presents risk assessment during the surveyor's work. Threats occurring during geodetic measurements in the field were determined. These are various types of measurements carried out for investment purposes, topographic and property boundaries survey, determination of displacements and deformations of structures and engineering structures, etc. It is worth, therefore, that each surveyor should be aware of the dangers that may threaten him during work. Hazards related to geodetic measurements have been i...

In 1791 the French Academy of Sciences decided to have the size of the Earth measured once more, to a superior accuracy, hoping that perhaps the size of the Earth could be determined to some 10 metre accuracy. This would translate to the error of one metre etalon to be about 1 micrometer. The task of determining the size of the Earth was entrusted to a pair of geodesists/astronomers, P.F.A. M?chain and J.-B.J. Delambre, both highly regarded members of the Academy. Their task was to measure as accurately as possibl...

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is an intelligent 3D model-based process that gives Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) professionals the insight and tools to more efficiently plan, design, construct, and manage buildings and infrastructure. The main vision of BIM is to create true, reliable information of the buildings that are complementary and easily replaceable and made them available to different participants of the construction process. The basic condition for fulfilling this vision is the ...

Property investment is predominately determined by the characteristic features of the good. The specifics of the real estate is shaped by a group of physical, economic and institutional-legal characteristics. The most important from the point of view of the investor involve: stability in place, durability, diversity, deficit, location, protection against inflation, loan security, capital protection, reduction of current expenditure, consumption. Because of the features mentioned above real estate is considered a v...

Poland's membership in the European Union obliges us to implement the rules binding in the Member States and to the preservation of the principles of sustainable development understood as the integration of economic, social and legal activities through the implementation of new technologies for environmental protection. In order to fulfill the obligations arising from the Directive of the European Parliament and the Council 2010/31/UE of May 19, 2010 on the energy performance of buildings, from January 1, 2017, ac...

Any infrastructure investment is implemented in specific environmental surroundings and among specific local community. Its consequences include changes in spatial land management and environmental transformations, often leading to social-spatial NIMBY conflicts (Not In My Back Yard). Such conflicts currently constitute a very serious problem of local socio-political life in Poland, and reflect the imperfections of the planning and spatial management system. They result from the conflict of interests of the invest...

The optimization of the station points stability position in the monitoring of civil engineering structures displacements in service stage is a necessity due to the fact that depending on the location of the station points the visibility and therefore the accuracy of the determination is maximized. Because sometimes these monitored objects are no longer isolated to afford a wide range of positions of observation points, sometimes even in urban agglomerations that greatly narrow this area and the optimization of th...

Both rural areas and agriculture related to them serve a crucial role in shaping the economic growth and social development of the country. Structural changes occurring in Polish agriculture are determined by numerous factors of an external and internal nature. One of the major ones is the agricultural policy pursued by the state. Economic and social changes taking place in Poland after 1989 posed new challenges to Polish economy, including agriculture and the countryside. They are associated with a deep restructu...

Sintioana, the component of the Sinmartin commune, Cluj County, it was necessary to execute operations at legal, economical and technical level. This operation was done successively on cadastral sectors. The present paper deals with the study of the technical operations necessary for the introduction of the real estate cadastre, as well as the achievement of the site and delimitation plans for each building in part, from four cadastral sectors of within the built-up area of Sintioana. In order to take over the tec...

The buildings preserved in the Old Town of Sandomierz belong to one of the oldest preserved, best recognizable and interesting from the architectural and archaeological point of view places in Poland. Historical buildings are situated on one of seven hills, like Seven Hills in Rome, the capital of Italy. Thus, the residents often call Sandomierz ?Little Rome?. Another significant element making these two European cities similar is the network of underground labyrinths being an extraordinary tourist attractions. In...

In the opencast coal mining we face the excavation, transport and the storage of a substantial volume of materials. One of the main and regular tasks for surface mines are therefore the calculations of volumes and the monitoring the progress of extraction. The main objective of the measurement is to determine the geographic position of bucket-wheel excavators and lay down their basic geometric parameters, which define their position within three-dimensional space. This way we can monitor, plan and manage mining pr...

Geomonitoring of a mining infrastructure has a crucial impact on company?s proper functioning and safety. For many years one of the most popular monitoring methods in Poland was to measure the tangent directions at multiple levels of a slim construction such us headframe or chimney (bisector intersection). Modern methods contain also GNSS measurements. However, the best method to generate a true shape is TLS measurement and 3D model preparation. Analysing such model, it is possible to determine not only the maxima...

The influence of the geometry of the spatial resection - mutual positioning in the space of the receiver and satellites, signals from which the receiver is received at the time of measurement, on the positioning accuracy is considered. The position of the satellite is described through the geometric range, the direction angle and the elevation angle in a rectangular spatial coordinate system. The geometric factor is expressed through the diagonal elements of the inverse weight matrix of the position error determin...

Land consolidation is a fundamental instrument for agricultural management. It facilitates comprehensive changes in the agricultural, settlement, social, and ecological domains. Consolidation and post-consolidation development-related investments are an opportunity to improve living and working conditions in rural areas. One of the primary goals of consolidation, directly specified in the Act on land consolidation, is to improve farming conditions. In Poland, consolidation is possible owing to RDP 2014?2020 EU fun...

This paper is an analytic research publication. Its thematic scope is the analysis of the present status of cadastral data in Poland and a proposal of creating a multipurpose cadastre. Real property cadastre in Poland, like similar systems throughout the world, is one of the most important information systems based on spatial information of a surveying and legal nature. The system has had a long tradition historically dating back to the thirteenth century. Over the centuries it was transformed and modernized many ...