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In March 2017, the President of the Republic of Poland signed the European Agreement on Main Inland Waterways of International Importance, also known as the AGN convention. The convention and the Directive 2005/44/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 7 September 2005 on harmonised River Information Services (RIS) on inland waterways in the Community, together with a number of European Commission regulations, establish a coherent legal system to facilitate the coordination of development plans and in...

Geomonitoring of a mining infrastructure has a crucial impact on company?s proper functioning and safety. For many years one of the most popular monitoring methods in Poland was to measure the tangent directions at multiple levels of a slim construction such us headframe or chimney (bisector intersection). Modern methods contain also GNSS measurements. However, the best method to generate a true shape is TLS measurement and 3D model preparation. Analysing such model, it is possible to determine not only the maxima...

The influence of the geometry of the spatial resection - mutual positioning in the space of the receiver and satellites, signals from which the receiver is received at the time of measurement, on the positioning accuracy is considered. The position of the satellite is described through the geometric range, the direction angle and the elevation angle in a rectangular spatial coordinate system. The geometric factor is expressed through the diagonal elements of the inverse weight matrix of the position error determin...

Land consolidation is a fundamental instrument for agricultural management. It facilitates comprehensive changes in the agricultural, settlement, social, and ecological domains. Consolidation and post-consolidation development-related investments are an opportunity to improve living and working conditions in rural areas. One of the primary goals of consolidation, directly specified in the Act on land consolidation, is to improve farming conditions. In Poland, consolidation is possible owing to RDP 2014?2020 EU fun...

The studies of the rock mass movements on considerable depths can be carried out based on the network of geodetic points, present in the mining excavations. Such a network is very unfavourable in a sense of geometry, because it is, in a large part, built of open traverses. Often the only way to raise the accuracy parameters of such a network is making the azimuth measurements on selected sides of the network with the use of gyrotheodolites. Applying the carried out gyroscopic observations in the levelling of the n...

This paper is an analytic research publication. Its thematic scope is the analysis of the present status of cadastral data in Poland and a proposal of creating a multipurpose cadastre. Real property cadastre in Poland, like similar systems throughout the world, is one of the most important information systems based on spatial information of a surveying and legal nature. The system has had a long tradition historically dating back to the thirteenth century. Over the centuries it was transformed and modernized many ...

Maritime Differential GPS systems (283.5-325 kHz) are today the basic method for determining the position of vessels in coastal navigation, entering into seaports as well as pilotage around the world. Today, the position accuracy of these systems reaches about 1 m (p = 0.95) and its availability is higher than 99%. In the last decade, many countries, including Poland, have created a number of national and commercial GNSS geodetic networks. Their range often also includes marine waters, hence the use of methods of ...

Decisions related to the choice of investment site selection, made by government administration bodies, have a major impact on the economy in the region. They can cause economic growth or may cause slowing down its development. To avoid or at least minimize the negative effects of investment decisions, they should be taken on the basis of analyzes carried out earlier. Conducting an analysis related to indication the site selection for a given investment object requires obtaining information covering various spatia...

At the time of commencement of the documentation and investigation activity on the problem of critical statuses of the Zlatna mine, the subject, respectively the studied area presented an accelerated dynamic as regards the degradation of the environmental components. Information gathered from the technical and environmental documentation prepared in previous years and a site visit revealed an extremely precarious state of the Zlatna mine, in terms of safety. Against the background of the phenomenon, with broad soc...

The paper exposes the tuning and the evaluation with experimental data of an algorithm used to predict the lost data in the GPS readings due to the acquisition rate significantly different from that of the Inertial Navigation System (INS). The developed algorithm provides a real time prediction of the GPS data at the same rate with the INS data in order to be ready for the processing step, which realizes the fusion of the two systems. To acquire the data, an INS/GPS hardware structure based MEMS sensors has been d...

The paper aims to highlight a new development in the field of subterranean measurements undertaken in Romania, as it proposes a replacement for classical geodetic techniques with a laser scanning approach, through which measurements of the geometry of a terrain or structure can be made completely automatic, with high speed and precision. In this case, the chosen methods (classic measurements and 3D scanning) created the possibility of integrating and storing data into an intelligent three-dimensional model of the ...

Today, trains are equipped with up to seven different navigational systems. Each is extremely costly and takes up space on-board. A train crossing from one European country to another must switch the operating standards as it crosses the border. All this adds to travel time and operational and maintenance costs. Together with other technical differences ? for instance in terms of rail gauge, electricity voltage, rolling stock design, etc. ? the existence of more than 20 train control systems in Europe has always b...

The purpose of the pursuit of behavior in time of the deposit of dross Santaul Mic was to obtain information in order to ensure the ability of the shipbuilding for a normal operation, the assessment of the conditions for the prevention of incidents, accidents and damage, that reduce the material damage, loss of lives and of the degradation of the environment (natural, social, cultural) and to obtain necessary information for the completion of the work in the construction industry. The study consisted in experiment...

The historical Benedictine Abbey, which comes from the 12th century, consists of a basilica, monastery buildings and underground cellars. The underground of abbey, which is commonly unavailable for tourists, is not only historically valuable exhibit but also reveals condition of the foundations of the buildings, which has been built on a limestone hill above the River Vistula. In order to obtain spatial information of the underground of the abbey, scientists have made laser scanning of cellars and corridors under ...

The authors of the paper compare the most important features of cadastral systems with respect to their information content included in the graphical part of the cadastre, i.e. on a cadastral map. The performed analysis covered selected countries, such as: Poland, Austria, Germany, Sweden, Norway, Finland, the Czech Republic, the Netherlands and Lithuania. Examples of cadastral maps from analysed countries are presented in the paper. Basing on performed analyses the authors prepared a list of the basic data which ...

In order to bypass the big cities, the design of the motorways usually requires to choose the shortest route to reduce the travel times of vehicles. This leads to the construction of the road infrastructure and "works of art" over land areas that are insufficiently stable from a geotechnical point of view. In this context it is necessary to design and implement complex systems for monitoring the behavior of land surfaces and the buildings constructed on them. This article makes reference only to the geodesic and t...

This article deals with the spatial position of tracks surveying using a measuring truck and automatic total station. At the beginning of work it was necessary to gain theoretical knowledge on geodetic activities carried out in the process of reconstruction works on the track surface, and to define the concept of the geometric position of the track. Collecting necessary design documentation is an essential part of the whole measuring process. Adherence to the specified accuracies and deviations in the Slovak Techn...

Digital Elevation Model (DEM) describes the physical and topographic information of earthпїЅs surface. Today, DEM produced by different methods is successfully utilized in many geospatial applications such as gravimetric geoid determination in geodesy, morphology analysis in geology, topographic map production in cartography etc. As known, every year, the new satellites are launched to space and provide the most current information about the earthпїЅs surface with different working principles and different image t...

The G.I.S. It is used to create, store, analyze and process information spatially distributed through a computerized process. GIS technology can be used in various scientific and practical. G.I.S technology is increasingly used in the field of cadastre. To use technology G.I.S. in cadastre we must have both graphical database and the type attribute must be focused on cadastre requirements. Items graphic database is collected by conventional measurements, measurements GPS, photogrammetric measurements, through digi...

In order to design the RNAV (area navigation) precision approach (PA) or nonprecision approach (NPA) there is a need to collect vital information on runway, aerodrome obstacles, and other important factors that support approach and landing procedure. Therefore, the development of RNAV flight procedures requires the acquisition of relevant field data on objects that affect flight safety during its decisive stages. Designing of flight procedures, updating aerodrome maps and aerodrome obstacle maps, creating obstacle...

An effective development of underground space is impossible without the use of modern systems of underground navigation. And the high-precision inclinometric survey is one of the main problems of such systems, as well as the complicated systems of drilling rigs, which are usually used in the construction of oil and gas wells. As a result of research described in the paper the authors scientifically prove a necessity of new special indices of geomagnetic activity introduction. Also the algorithm of their calculatio...

Land consolidation is a fundamental instrument for agricultural management, allowing complex changes in the agricultural and forest space. One of the primary goals of land consolidation, directly specified in the Act on land consolidation, is to improve farming and forestry conditions, through the correct farmland location shaping and the correct property boundaries formation. In Poland, consolidation is possible owing to EU funds the Rural Development Programme 2014-2020 (RDP 2014пїЅ2020). The agro - forest bound...

Wis?ouj?cie Fortress is a historical defensive object located on the southwest coast of the Gulf of Gda?sk. Fort Carre, Eastern Sconce and Ravelin are parts of this postmediaeval fortification. In view of planned regeneration of this fortification complex, at the initiative of the Gda?sk History Museum and Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology of the University of Gda?sk it was decided to perform a documentation of one Fortress object. Authors decided to report the three-dimensional documentation to perform a ser...

An assessment of a market property value has been a subject of a debate among appraisers for many years. Some of them believe that the пїЅpowerпїЅ of statistics is so tremendous that in each situation an appraisal should be based on statistical methods. On the other hand, the other group off appraisers with a considerable experience, strongly support an actual expert assessment. For practitioners statistics is usually only an additional tool used rather to confirm a presented thesis. The dispute lasting for years ...

The urban structure of the old town quarter in Sandomierz belongs to the oldest and most interesting Polish architectural and archaeological sites. In this part of the town there are several objects written into the register of historical monuments. The location of the town on loess grounds, of a large thickness, has caused a lot of problems for the owners of real estates and the managers of technical infrastructure. This is the result of the characteristics of loess. Loess affected by external factors (rainfall) ...

This article defines the requirements for the architecture of the planned state satellite geodetic network, mathematical models (used in the processing of GPS measurements), navigation modules and analyses the possibility of integrating the high-precision geocentric coordinate system of the Republic of Kazakhstan with the global terrestrial system of the ITRS / ITRF. The main goal in solving problems of high-precision satellite geodesy is to determine the exact coordinates of the SGN point by processing code or ph...

Satellite based global gravity field models represent EarthпїЅs long-wavelength static or time-variable gravity field. Their progress and development in the recent years has been induced by successful satellite missions, such as GOCE, GRACE and CHAMP and this will continue in the future missions. Resolution and agreement with quality terrestrial data are two attributes that indicate potential usability of each model. Maximum degree of spherical harmonics determines resolution of the satellite-based models. Agreeme...

Considering the prospects and possibilities offered by Global Navigation Satellite Systems, it is sure that they will be still developing and more widely used in other parts o everyday life. The aim of this study was to analyse how accuracy a defined position could be determined by using the Spirent 6300M simulator. The tests were carried out on the basis of the Ashtech GG24 receiver which is fully integrated with GPS and GLONASS systems. Thanks to this combination the measurements of the receiver are more reliabl...

The chronometric geodesy is based on a relationship derived on the basis of the general theory of relativity, indicating a change of frequency and time at occurring change of potential. It is known that there is a possibility of using these relationships to determine geopotential changes, thus also height changes, by examining changes of clock rates in various places. From the formulas that describe this relationship, it can be estimated that at geopotential change by 1 m2/s2 (which corresponds to a height differe...

In essence, the paper presents the tracking of the behavior in time of hydro-technical constructions by establishing the horizontal displacements (dx and dy) compared to the base tranche and the previous tranche, and also the processing of these measurements and establishing conclusions and recommendations regarding the behavior of the objective taken into study. As studied objective was elected CпїЅnde?ti dam, which is located in Buz?u county, at about 19 km upstream from town Buz?u. The dam is situated on the Bu...

The aim of this paper was to analyze Bancroft positioning algorithm with comparison to the use of the uncorrelated reference point indicators, and present the results of experimental studies. Comparison of the results was Carried out in MATLAB, the source code is derived and the results are presented. The most popular method for a position determination in GNSS is to use autonomous positioning. This is the basic algorithm used in GPS systems. However users can use other positioning algorithms, depending on what th...

An engineering survey to determine the existing height of constructions is a frequent requirement that the land surveyors are faced with. A height survey may be needed to verify building elevation while in construction, or according to the legislation, in order to apply for a building permit a detailed topographic plan must be conducted. Such a topographic plan must be prepared by licensed surveyor and include the measurements of nearby properties, adjacent with the land parcel on which the building authorization ...

The paper reveals proposed techniques and measurement results obtained by employing Leica AT401 laser tracker into processes of calibration of field length geodetic baselines. Firstly, testing of the available laser tracker in Research Institute of Geodesy, Topography and Cartography (RIGTC) is shortly introduced and the development of a user-programmed software ATControl is presented. Secondly, measurement methodologies used for calibrating Czech State Long Distances Meausuring Standard KoпїЅtice and National Geo...

In this paper, a method of calibration of the levelling rod Carl Zeiss Jena No. 55822 was proposed. Within a method procedures we follow the requirement of the International Standard ISO / IEC 17025: 2005 and all necessary observations were performed in the Metrological Laboratory of Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformatics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Belgrade. In the process of the calibration, we used a laser interferometer Hewlett Packard HP 5528 and specially adapted auxiliary equipment for pla...

Recent years have brought rapid development of GNSS and supplementary SBAS and GBAS systems. Depending on the needs of a given real-time positioning domain, users can obtain several meters (GNSS + SBAS) or several centimeters (GNSS + GBAS) accuracies. Active (local) geodetic networks belonging to GBAS, through the permanent nature of the work and constant satellite observations recording, allow achieving even greater accuracies through post-processing elaboration. The paper presents in a uniform manner the charact...

The paper talks about the development of the geodetic networks using measurements of direction from the fixed points (with their coordinates known) towards the variable points (determined points). It starts from a situation that is given seven geodetic points whose coordinates are known, and an unknown point must be framed in such a network. After observation directions are carried out in three of the seven known points must be determined the coordinates of the unknown point. In order to reduce the large number of...

In this paper a new method of dual-polarimetric SAR image coregistration procedures is proposed. Both cases - coarse and fine coregistration are considered. In the proposed approaches the widely used coherence parameter is not applied. Instead, the dual-polarimetric signatures are exploited. They allow to identify location of strong point scatterers within the SAR images. These scatterers can be further used in coregistration procedure as reference points. The developed algorithms described in this work were teste...

This paper sheet on пїЅDecoding GPS data for single point positioning computation by using Python programming languageпїЅ shown the program to compute receiver coordinates with use RINEX navigation and data files. In the program it is used single point positioning method to compute coordinates, and the program is coded in Python programming language. Sheet includes a part of the source code and block schemes, which described operation of the program. The comparison of the results of the approximate coordinates sho...

Nowadays we often encounter situations which cannot be explained rationally. However, we always try to find the reason of an ensuing situation. On the example of a selected town, the author presents the range of illogical business decisions pertaining to commercial real estate market. A situation in which somebody spends millions of dollars and even though, according to an expert, the business is doomed to failure anyway, requires an in-depth research. Through his meticulous research, the author uncovers that the ...

Defining the stability of a structure depends on several factors. It is difficult to predict them and take into account in the design phase. Over time, many of them will cause changes in the location of its components. Measurements are required to be taken during the operation of a structure in order to find out about any changes in its geometry. This paper contains an elaboration of the results of measurements of the geometry of a steel drum which is a major component of the historical roller gate dam - Czersko P...

The GNSS satellite technology is most commonly applied in the area of air, sea or land navigation. In case of land navigation, the GNSS satellite technology guarantees a designation of a real position of a vehicle in a kinematic mode. The aim of this paper is to present and describe the possibility of using the GNSS satellite technique for the recovery of the trajectory of a motor vehicle. The research experiment was conducted on the example of a Pathfinder Nissan car. In addition, on the rooftop of the Pathfinder...

Prediction of the effects of underground mining on the surface is connected with the necessity to verify the coefficients of the theoretical calculation of movements and deformations of the slope of a subsidence trough. One of the methods used to verify the coefficients of the theoretical calculation is the reverse evaluation of theoretical drops verified from the results of direct measurements of movements of surface points. The resulting movement of the surface point is resolved into a horizontal component (shif...

In this paper we focus on the evaluation of land use changes in the cadastral areas of the cities Martin and VrпїЅtky. Both cities are situated in the Tur?ianska kotlina Basin between the MalпїЅ Fatra Mts. and Ve?kпїЅ Fatra Mts. in the northern part of central Slovakia. Establishment of new industrial enterprises in the second half of the 20th century led to the creation of new infrastructure, urbanization and the subsequent interconnection of both cities. Railway transport and the пїЅOS VrпїЅtky company (Railway ...

In last yearпїЅs we have seen big progress in digital photogrammetry, advanced quality of the light sensors (bigger resolution, light sensitivity), optics quality, automatic and active image stabilization. These parameters are predetermining photogrammetry for monitoring of the objects. The cracks on the object point to the problems of instability construction and therefore it is important to monitor them. The paper deals with using of photometric mapping by monitoring of cracks activity with using the image proce...

In accordance with the applicable regulations, the Land and Property Register is used in Poland as the Cadastre. Given the critical significance of this system to all activities associated with the proper administration and management of the real estate, it is subjected to continuous modernisation efforts. Legal provisions define the process of Register modernisation as a set of technical, organisational, and administrative measures taken in order to supplement the Register databases, to establish the full range o...

The paper discusses issues concerning load tests carried out on a twin-track, arch railway bridge over the Martwa Wisla river in Gdansk. Currently, it is the bridge with the longest span in its class in Poland. The load-bearing structure consists of three no-hinge arches and an orthotropic deck suspended from them. The studies of the structure assumed the performing of static and dynamic tests. The paper presents the method for carrying out geodetic measurements during static tests as well as the analysis of obtai...

Surveying documentation of the buildings that are parts of cultural heritage are important materials for their operation, maintenance, reconstruction or restoration. Castle Helfenburk near Ъљt?k is a nice example of ruins of a medieval manor house, where outer walls with battlements and gates and main tower are well preserved. However, the surveying documentation of the castle was incomplete and some parts, mainly the interior ones, were not documented. Therefore we carried out complex measurement and we created d...

When conducting underground works, it is necessary to take into account their possible consequences for underground and surface objects. The purpose of this work was to identify the need to use three basic methods for estimating and predicting the parameters of subsidence of the earth's surface and deep layers. The process of extracting minerals from the earth's interior leads to an increasing need for underground excavations beneath the area of protected objects (surface and underground). In this regard, engineer...

The paper presents the research results of the accuracy of robotic total stations automatic sighting using standard and panoramic пїЅ360пїЅ reflectors, which are used for geodesy and mining surveying purposes. Based on the statistical processing of laboratory and field observation data, the relationships between the automatic sighting precision and the various survey conditions were determined. The hypotheses for the correspondence of the statistical law of the obtained errors to the normal and uniform law are ver...

The article presents the way of conducting a forecast of leverages of underground mining run by longwall fronts in three deposits of hard coal on the area. The forecasted values of subsidences, inclinations and curvatures of mining area were calculated by the Budryk- Knothe theory with the use of typical values of its parameters, namely, a coefficient of subsidence of floor rocks equal to 0.8 and tangent of scope angle of main leverages amounting to 2.0. The forecasts of indicatorsпїЅ values of area deformation we...