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The management of grassland areas through the correct use of these areas is reflected in the qualitative and quantitative increase in plant production per unit area, the increase of the animal product and the better protection of the environment. The national agricultural context of Romania requires the existence of a Management Plan for each area of grassland and its concession to farmers for a period of up to 10 years. This study was conducted for an area of 945 hectares of grasslands under the protection of the...

The work deals with promising trends in the formation of medically social institutions depending on the accounting of factors in architectural design. The methodology for determining the functional planning structure of the type of buildings studied is based on the aggregate accounting of 4 factor groups, three are basic: natural-objective, subjective-technical, subjective-cultural and the fourth is the complex group. All round use of the foundations for socially specialized institutions will allow a systematic de...

Based on the lighting systems efficient utilization strategies analysis of lighting systems efficient utilization and through its synthesis with the options of intelligent control were for a design and calculation of lighting systems analyzes of the reference shop energysaving lighting system designs were carried out. The results of the rationalization procedures and measures that have been made for the purpose of a reduction of energy demand of industrial operations lighting systems, were the basis for a developm...

The most important stage of technological objects of control algorithms research is to develop an object model that reflects the processes taking place in the facility. Typical solutions for the management objects are based on the simplest models, operating parameters of the abstract. Such models, due to the abstract nature of the parameters do not allow a deep study and modify the characteristics of the object. For more deep research and synthesis of automatic control systems by introducing the interest of model ...

Quantitative supervision of the implementation of planning documents is one of the fundamental elements of good governance and is vital for ensuring sustainable development perspective. The sustainability of a territory may be specifically defined in developmental planning documents as a long-term goal or indirectly emanate from the territorial vision and set of defined measurable objectives. The most effective way to supervise progress towards planned objectives is with the help of the relevant indicator system (...

The article deals with the non-anthropocentric background in architecture design. The whole process of designing the experimental bird observatory - Duna - was used as the case study. This is a public bird observatory in the Bratislava agglomeration recreation area. When selecting the final concept, which continued with the stage of architectural study and the implementation project until project realization, an issue of quality arose, which should have been decisive for the design. The suppression of the establis...

The subject of the study is architectural and space-planning structure of the buildings and residential complexes, methods for their adaptation perspective to the post-Olympic period. Sustainable and effective development requires taking into account the possible future use and the economic principles, methods and means of architectural formation for the buildings in residential part of the international sport activities centers. Formation principles of architecture, green design, accessible and energy saving plan...

Thermal comfort is the condition of mind that expresses satisfaction with complex thermal factors. There are three main factors that can affect the human comfort, which must be considered by engineers before designing progressive indoor technologies; effective temperature, relative humidity and air motion. Building occupants are a rich source of information about indoor environmental quality and its effects on comfort and productivity. Subjective evaluation of indoors is an important part of assessing the quality ...

For the purposes of proposing a new use of brownfields and development areas, it is necessary to evaluate the current status of the selected areas including the development of clearly arranged records of individual areas. Each processor of the database usually tries to process it as clearly as possible with the easiest editing. Many processors can manage with commonly available computer resources and do not use the possibilities of innovative software tools designed especially for recording in the field called Fac...

Roundabouts are generally perceived as safe solution of dangerous intersections. If they are built correctly, number of traffic accidents is lower than in case of common intersection types пїЅ it relates also to severity of results (i.e. fewer deaths and serious injuries, and lower property damages). In comparison with uncontrolled intersections the roundabouts have higher capacity available. Czech standards and technical conditions assess roundabout capacity on the basis of calculation of capacity for approaches ...

Ecological problems are nowadays of general concern. In particular, much attention is being paid to the problems of population growth and this has led also to an increase of interest in mathematical models for ecology and bioinformatics. There are a lot of strong interventions in all types of ecosystems and there are a great concern for ecological security and food safety all around the world. For this paper, we specifically track the behavior for natural and non-natural dynamic terrestrial eco-systems. It is an i...

Background: Currently develops a range of new and innovative construction systems, presented as modern methods of construction (MMC), which has the ambition to improve the buildings sustainability throughout their life cycle. Regarding the implementation modern methods of construction in Slovakia, assembled buildings based on wood, also called green buildings, seem to be the most preferred construction system. Methods: In the study, presented in the paper, were searched already built and occupiedfamily houses base...

The main goal of this present study is to determine the performance you can obtain from the implementation of fixed Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) on one family houses. The study will use a comparative method on one family houses between a flat roof, and a piched roof with two slopes, with different orientations of the plot. These various scenarios respond to urban implementation rules that are particular in urban planning. The calculations were made for a single family house with a built area of 100sqm ...

Green roof or living roof is a roof of a building that is partially or completely covered with vegetation and a growing medium. Sedum species are low-growing succulent plants that can grow rapidly when water is available yet also survive long periods without water. Green roofs are becoming increasingly popular in many countries, but in Kosovo the use of green roofs is a new practice. The aim of this study is to determine Sedum vegetation characteristics on extensive green roof in Kosovo urban areas, influenced by ...

The proper selection of the structural steel grade has to take into account a lot of factors and, for structural steels, a minimum ductility is required so that the material shall have sufficient fracture toughness to avoid brittle fracture of the tension elements at the lowest service temperature. In this paper we present the methodology for selecting the toughness of structural steel with respect to EN 1993-1-10: 2003 and SR EN 1993-1-10: 2005. Establishing the steel sub-grade for the steel main girders of a rai...

Today, we have to follow the principle of sustainable development in relation to the surrounding environment. Bearing in mind the mandatory requirements for energy efficient buildings, special attention should be paid to the strategy of conduct. In this respect, the key factor is the ability to visualize not only the building but also individual elements, including: cross-sections of walls, ceilings, roofs, presentation of potential materials before the necessary work is carried out. Such a state project is possib...

The paper explores the possibilities of defining geometry and its behaviors with using ESO digital tools in an integrated structural and architectural design. It is an response to the current needs geared towards sustainability, combining ecological and economic efficiency. The first part of the paper defines the Evolutionary Structural Optimization tools, which were developed specifically for engineering purposes using finite element analysis as a framework. The development of ESO has led to several variations wh...

Every infrastructure development project encroaches upon habitable space and the natural environment. Local communitiesпїЅ doubts concerning construction projects cannot be effectively dispersed without public debate and the dissemination of reliable information. This is a very important consideration because infrastructure development is a public service, and construction takes place on land that constitutes private property at the planning stage. Public opposition can halt construction, and developers who disreg...

The problem of traffic noise is particularly important in urban areas. Comfort of residents living near the streets is also crucial. They often live in tall buildings. In this paper, analysis of sound level in the front of high block of flats is presented. In order to make sound level measurements, a thirteen storey building was selected. It is situated in low excavation at front of one of the streets in Szczecin. This street connects three large settlements on the right bank of the city. In the front of selected ...

Urban areas face the problem of traffic congestion. City Centers are the destination of many people traveling to work, school or business every day. The spatial structure of a city is not fixed in space, but is subject to constant transformations associated with a vast array of social, economic and environmental processes. One of the processes that we can observe in Polish cities is the increasing number of parking spaces. In the urban planning of the development of large Polish cities, the trend of reducing car t...

The main reason for applying microclimate control in greenhouses is to achieve optimal growing environment. Because of its complexity, excessive control in greenhouses can adversely affect the cultivation of crops. Moreover, we have optimum control to achieve these challenging goals, including lower emissions and reduced production costs. The most important stage in the research of algorithms of management of technological objects is to develop a model of the object, which reflects the processes occurring in the o...

Critical literature studies indicated that there had been numerous methods for estimating the value, management models as well as indicators and criteria for the quantitative and qualitative assessment of post-industrial areas. All of them supported post-industrial area management, but neither of them took into account the simultaneous evaluation of economic, social and environmental aspects - especially important for the inclusion of these areas into the socio-economic cycle. Identified gaps in knowledge allowed ...

Cultural tourism, an important component of sustainable tourism, has gained national and international recognition in recent years. Turkey, with its geographic and cultural heritage, universal cultural and natural values, and rich opportunities for visitors, has great potential for growth in cultural tourism. However, although cultural heritage is an important part of sustainable tourism, it also brings about the problem of how best to preserve cultural heritage. Vernacular, houses, which are a part of this herita...

The aim of the research and analyses was to present the design process of industrial facilities, that takes into account their impact on the existing environment in order to limit the impact of the designed facility on the landscape. Industrial architecture work is usually carried out without taking the surrounding landscape into consideration. The proper analyses of the land for investment and its surroundings allows to develop a design strategy. Appropriate arrangement of isolating greenery allows to create natu...

The energetic requalification of the existing buildings stock is a key question in the attainment of the ambitious program regarding the energy efficiency proposed by European Union. There are several measures taken to increase the energy efficiency, both for new buildings and for existing buildings, such us the 20 пїЅ 20 пїЅ 20 EU Policy and the Nearly Zero Energy Buildings goal set by the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive 2010/31/EC, which gives the guidelines to be followed in order to attenuate the ene...

In the context of operationalising sustainable development some progress has been lately achieved in several countries on global level. Recently it seems to be an open dialog among scientists, economists, politicians, as well as city councils representatives about future local plans regarding a sustainable urban development. This concretely means to develop and apply local strategies by considering sustainability requirements. In this regard it is obvious that mindset changes and behaviour modifications, beside te...

The purpose of the work was to identify the features of technical design of greening buildings integrated into the building The necessity of forming additional landscaping in the structure of residential development is substantiated by analyzing the modern character of residential areas (on the example of the city of Moscow). The typology of types of gardening is given, three main types are distinguished. Classified carrier base for landscaping. The environmental principles of the formation of structures for garde...

An innovative concept for design and detailing of precast concrete frame structures is analyzed under accidental seismic-type loading. The new detailing of post-tensioned assembled structures derives from the special hybrid moment frames as defined in the ACI T1.2-03 standard. The alternative detailing of special reinforcements, named modified special hybrid joints, are bondless with respect to both column and beams. The model represents a corner of an actual multistoried structure, cropped in the middle of the be...

The need to create ecological and energy efficient architecture is evident today. In the contemporary discourse on architecture more and more attention is dedicated to the aesthetics that expresses the idea of sustainability. The article is a voice in this debate, concentrating on the architecture that features daylight. Solar light comes from the natural environment and brings some substantial benefits for the architectural space, such as light, warmth and atmosphere, which should be reflected in the aesthetics o...

This article looks at courtyard spaces in large scale housing estates as places to support social cohesion, by the same time promoting sustainable development. Being planned as multifunctional spaces, courtyards in large scale housing estates in Riga now face lack of activity, are overcrowded with cars and green areas are often described as monofunctional and in bad condition. In the cityпїЅs territory planning documents the land-use of courtyard spaces varies between green territories, residential development ter...

Global warming and climate change are two of the main problems facing the mankind. 70% of cities are dealing with the effects of this phenomenon and nearly all of them are at risk. The larger cities create over 70% of global CO2 emissions and consume 2/3 of the worldпїЅs energy, so the focusing on the solution on global warming is heavily depending on future act in major cities. Urban density presents a greener way to live. Because the concrete surface is expanded not only on horizontal but even on vertical, in th...

In historical city centers cobbled roadways are currently being used in the reconstructions of roads. Cobbled roadways are being built also in new construction for example parking lots, sidewalks and bike paths. Cobbled aprons are often built around a central island on roundabouts. Elevated transverse thresholds or pillows made of cobblestones are popular as elements for traffic calming in residential urban areas. A prerequisite for perfect function of these cobbled surfaces is the adherence to the correct technol...

The continued effort for economic design of steel structures leads to decrease their weight by shape and material optimization through the using of thin webs, high-strength steels and their effective combination with usual structural steels. The efficiency of high-strength steels using and their combination with usual structural steels is evident in the case of beams mostly subjected to bending loading. But from the complex optimization analyses follow, that the using of high-strength steels and their combination ...

In order to implement Building Information Modeling Technology into Czech RepublicпїЅs Legislation, there emerged need to define the most effective way to set proper data structure, requested information and constitute useful level of details within the existing Czech RepublicпїЅs Legislation. The most effective tool should be to employ the Level of Development, which is the interconnection of requested Level of Information and Level of Detail in different building life cycle stages. Every building information mod...

This article deals with the currently often discussed issue of the regeneration of brownfields. Brownfields sites can be found in every city or municipality, whether it is a small or large municipality or a big city. The introductory part of this article will summarize the key findings about these areas, including a presentation of the most appropriate ways of addressing their reuse. The issue of technical infrastructure will not be disregarded in this introductory part, since quality restoration cannot do without...

Green roof infrastructure has become a multi-million dollar industry in Germany and is gaining popularity in other European countries as well as in other countries all over the world. Green roofs are more than just soil and plants on a roof, but consists of specialized membranes and drainage barriers to support the growing of vegetation on top of buildings. The mitigation of the urban heat islands and the reduction of cooling loads are the main advantages of this roofing system. Therefore, green roofs could play a...

Background: The article describes the selected aspects of the air temperature and some other microclimate parameters changes caused by heat emission from people staying inside some types of large-volume buildings. There are shown exemplary results of the research conducted inside unheated or low-heated sacral buildings (including tall) and inside residential apartment buildings (some features are reversed). It is based on author's research conducted in Warsaw University of Technology and Cardinal Stefan Wyszy?ski ...

The article shows the selected aspects of the air temperature and air relative humidity changes caused by the heat emitted by people staying inside the selected sacral buildings. The air temperature and some other microclimate parameters change because of the heat emission from people staying inside rooms. There are shown exemplary results of the research conducted inside unheated or low-heated sacral buildings of the historical and modern construction. It is based on author's research conducted in Warsaw Universi...

As a member of the European Union, Romania is facing numerous challenges related to the effects of the global economic crisis involving austerity measures, the occurrence of climate changes affecting the sustainable agriculture, important changes in the dynamics of labour market, an unprecedented wave of migration - a phenomenon that, without an integrated approach, could lead to the emergence of some extreme social attitude etc. This is why, the best solutions have to be found leading to the acceleration of the e...

The aim of the article is to show the possibility of using the Balanced Scorecard as a tool for performance and measurement of enterprise focusing on supporting activities covered under the facility management. The balanced scorecard is a strategic planning and management system, what is based on experiences of large multinational companies in the field of strategic management. The purpose of the measurement and evaluation is a shift towards set goals for improving the performance and quality of the company. Gener...

Buildings account for significant energy consumptions in the global consumptions, according to the International Energy Agency. The path towards 2050 is that of nearly Zero Energy Buildings (nZEB), a path that should change the way that buildings are designed in current practice. The design of a buildingпїЅs envelope is always focusing more on the heat transfer of top components (i.e. exterior walls, terraces, roofs) and less on the heat transfer in bottom components (i.e. floors on the ground, walls in contact wi...

A better energy efficiency of a building can be obtained by implementing passive and active energy efficient design strategies. The initial design phase starts with implementation of several passive strategies, i.e. strong thermally insulated building envelope, buildingпїЅs orientation, windows placement, and buildingпїЅs aspect ratio, window to wall ratio, use of thermal mass, natural lighting, shadings and other solutions. However, looking at how building are designed, built and operated nowadays, it can be obse...

Contemporary life is characterized by a state of continuous change and thatпїЅs why standard solutions are no longer the key to all problems. Like many other fields, architecture seeks new alternatives to overcome the challenges we are facing on daily basis. Sustainability is one of the many issues that concern us, trying to solve some of the problems that globalization generates. On this line, one of the directions is a definition of architecture as landscape: topographical architecture. Topographical architectur...

The article presents the didactic values of playground areas. The text is depicted by examples of playground areas that accompanied the horticultural exhibition BUGA 2015 (Bundesgartenschau) in Havel region in Germany. Specific colours, shapes and materials used in these spaces bring adolescent users closer to nature. In urbanised environment it seems to be more and more important to form environmentally friendly attitude since early childhood. Joyful memories of safe, colourful spaces, where children can 'touch' ...

Old hospitals today usually don`t meet current health care requirements, requirements of new generations of medical facilities and technologies. For all these reasons the old hospitals and their areas often undergo urban transformation processes пїЅ change of use, revitalization or restoration. However, old hospitals and their areas often possess high architectural, landscape architectural and cultural heritage values, which should be preserved. Green areas of hospital healing gardens and old hospital parks with m...

The concept of Architectural Gerontology that is presented here is based on the past 50 years of architectural research. Initially, it was part of the social gerontology that later developed in to a separate discipline. Within the boundaries of architectural gerontology there are many research areas some of which are: 1) social demographics, accounting the needs of citizens with limited mobility; 2) the urban planning, optimizing the reduced mobility livelihood in the structure of urban residential areas; 3) the t...

Urban productive landscape has become a form of urban development increasingly separating from typical urban forms. Diagnosed and fairly well analyzed in the case of American, African cities and more often пїЅ European ones, forms of development between what we now understand as the concept of a city, and what is differing it from rural landscape areas. Basing on definitions developed by researchers such as U. Giseke (agroforopolis, beautiful productive landscapes), A. Viljoen, K. Bohn and J. Howe (productive urba...

The thesis deals with urbanization tendencies and trends in protected landscape areas in the Czech Republic. During the research there were eight selected PLAs that were under investigation and evaluated. Their selection was based on the manner and the degree of their collision with the national development priorities defined in the Territorial Development Policy of the Czech Republic. Then, in these areas, the baseline of socio-demographic characteristics (the increase of the number of houses and the number of po...

The cycle transport is fast developing in the Czech Republic. Gradually becomes not only a sport and way for use free time, but also a full-fledged type of transport. For this to become cycling transport alternative to mobility in cities is need to urban development must also adapt to the needs of cycle transport. It is not only the development of cycle track, but also integrating of cycling transport into the transport system. For fluent and particularly safe keeping cycle transport is also used by interchanges. ...