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Burning and thermal degradation of wood are the sources of contamination of environment by carbonyl compounds. Many com pounds from this group are toxic and have negative influence on human and environment. The paper presents results of research of carbonyl compounds arising at thermal loading of various wood species at various conditions of thermal loading. The samples of beech, fir, spruce and birch wood were thermal loaded at temperatures 135, 170, 205, 240, 270, 450 and 600 В°C. The carbonyl compounds were ana...

In this work, dissolution of Ni and Fe in sulfuric acid medium under the influence of sodium fluoride was studied. The samples of the nickeliferous late ritic ore were taken from Eski şehir (Karaçam) region of Turkey. The effects on the nickel and iron dissolution rates of stirring speed, sulfur ic acid concentration, sodium fluoride concentration, reaction temperature were investigated. In order to investigate the effects of leaching temperature range of 30-50 °C the shrinking core model was applied by using t...

The calibration baseline of the Faculty of Geode sy, University of Zagreb, is the longest calibration baseline in the world numbering altogether 25 pillars. It was built in 1982 for the purpose of testing and calibrating the electro-optical distance meters, and today even GNSS instruments can be tested there. Th is calibration baseline provided a mutual standard scale for the calibration of instruments at the distance up to 3100 m in the Republic of Croatia and wider region. In this paper the determination of coor...

The determination of heights using the me thod of geometric levelling belongs to the most precise geodetic measurements. The majo rity of errors in geometric levelling can be eliminated in the most part by testing and rectification of instruments, by selecting an appropriate measuring method and the most convenient external conditions and the time of the day and the year. The errors that canno t be eliminated in f iled conditions are the error of staff scale, the error of irregula rly attached staff scale and the ...

In this study, the boric aci d extraction from colemanite in ammonium chloride was studied and the effects of parameters such as the leaching temperature, ammonium chloride concentration, solid/liquid ratio a nd leaching time were investigated on the boric acid extraction from colemanite. Statistical design of experiments and the analysis of variance were carried out. The experiments were performed in a 500-mL cylindrical glass reactor equipped with a mechanical stirrer, a thermostat for controlling the leaching t...

The crude-oil import and pipeline- related pumping activities date since 1967, when the ship Marianne III delivered th e first “black gold” shipping to Constanta harbor. Due to the petroleum products growth and the development of the petrochemical industry, it has been decided to import and transport crude oil through pipe lines. This paper presenting the Management of the environmental scheme in the Roumanian Oil Transporting Pipeline based to long experience (20 years to working in the environmental protecti...

Tourist trails are of great importance for mountain tourism and in recent years their situation came to the fore again in Romania too. Is typical of today’s tourists that they want to know more and more data regarding their destination, they want to visualize in a virtual world their selected places. Theref ore, a self-made analysis software were designed with the aim to determine the foll owing parameters: tota l length, rising and descending length over a given limit, mi nimum and maximum height, maximum eleva...

Increasing population, urban development, i ndustrial and agricultural needs, gradually warming the Earth and increasing droughts have been caused of reduction of consumable water and the need for rich resources of underground water has been more than before. Arak as a fourth pole of the industry in the Iran country has especial dependence on Aman Abad region underground water resources, so the study in this area for underground water exploitation and control of resources have great importance , that most of these...

The inadequate comprehension of specific haza rds, mainly related to their nature and magnitude, have lead in the past to the occurrence of several catastrophic events in the Romanian mining industry. The mining industry, like other major global industries, must consider and manage risks to business objectives, to remain successful. Management of risks requires a proactive, systematic approach, applied when key decisions are being made across the life cycle of the industry, from exploration to mine closure. Presen...

In this paper we deal with analysis and evaluation of objects of interest which are present in ultrasound images as well as assessment of the progress or regressions that occurred in these objects. These objects ar e highly significant from a medicinal perspective and include atherosclerostic pl aque in carotid arte ries, the intima-media thickness in the distal part of the common carotid artery, cerebral cortex size and brain stem findings in cases of Parkinson disease. Here, we describe procedures employing comb...

Exchange in nature named by the people barter, in a haggling, an unwritten contract between two parties who give each other one thing for another thing. As a human manifestation, the barter is the ancestor of commerce today that is mediated by money and the most modern techniques. Ethnographic questionnaires completed in 1970 for developing the Romanian Ethnographic Atlas r ecorded it in all the counties. In most localities Carpathian and Subarpathian investigated in the early twentieth century echanged was, wood,...

Diagenesis and geochemistry of three selected and well exposed outcrops of Qamchuqa Formation (Early Cretaceous) at Kurdistan Region northeastern Iraq were examined. Lithologically this formation is mainly composed of dolomite, and limestone beds. Petrographic study of the Qamchuqa Formation reveals that the skeletal and some non- skeletal grains within the limestone a nd dolomitic limestone beds are the main components of this formation. Micritizati on, cementation, neom orphism, compaction, dissolution and dolom...

The article discusses the new methodological approaches for the direct valuation of their own economic services of biodiversity. Approaches are illustrated by economic services valuation of intraspecific diversity of Paci fic salmon. The resulting estimates can form the basis of effective economic instruments for biodiversity conservation.

Ground water, according to higher reliance coefficient and less fluctuations, has been used for many years. Precipitation is a major supplier of underground water resources and aquifers. So any changes in rainfall amount fluctuate underground water table depth. Occurrence of drought is the most important reason for the decrease of water table. To analyze the role of drought on underground water in Shahrekord plain rainfall and water table level were used during 1984-2008 period. The resualts shows a strong correla...

Drought issues are discussed: concept, definition and classification of drought as well as drought indices, drought prediction and monito ring. The second part is on the weather network in the country as a tool for drought monitoring.

To study the distribution and repetition of droughts, an ar chive of droughts has been created in eastern Georgia for 19 meteorol ogical stations for the vegetation period between 1961 and 2008. It has been eval uated geographic and meteorological conditions of droughts formation: conditions of humidity, temperature background, hydrothermal regime of soils. It has been studied the territorial distribution and probability of dry months, repetition of drought s within a season and a month, severe and ultra-severe dr...

Ecological problems are a lot in numbers, ther efore and their resolving are looking in many ways. Certain the own contribute should give and economics sector because in one or another way they can contribute to protect or to destroy the environment. Sensibility and awareness of publics and ins titutions for protecting the environmental and survival for all of lives forms are very important, all of this can contribute for now and future generations. In this paper work ecological awareness is analyzed in some of ec...

Repeated application of phosphorus (P) fert ilizer in soils, in excess of crop removal rates, may increase the concentration of P in soil solution and conse quently the transfer of soluble P to streams. Excess P in natura l aquatic systems can promote eutrophication of lakes and rivers. The application of calcareous sorbent in the adsorptive removal of P from soil solution could be a suitable technique. The objective of the experiment is to evaluate the sorption of P in a marginal coarse-textured soil (pH 5.5) ame...

Land application of swine manure can increase antibiotic concentra tions in agricultural soils. It is thus important to develop labor atory methods for antibiotics in manures and soils. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of volume of Na 2EDTA– McIlvaine’s buffer (c itric acid and Na 2HPO4) solution on recovery of oxytetracycline (OTC) and chlortetracycline (CTC) added to fresh swine manur e. Antibiotics were mixed with manure at a single rate of 20 mg /L. Six treatments (8, 16, 24, 32, 40 or...

A detailed study has been conducted to investigate the leaching behavior of low-grade secondary type, uranium minerals under alkaline conditions. Uranium mapping analysis indicated the significance of each particle size to the leaching process. Owed to its significance, particle size effects were examined by two different experimental schemes: classical plate agita tion and bottle roll te sting. Other infl uencing variables such as agitation time and concentration of used lixiviants, were also considered. Results ...

The effect of biodiversity on ecosystem func tion is complex and requires understanding of all interacting systems, such as hydr ology, geology and above ground plant diversity of the study area. In this study hydrogeoch emical modeling using PHREEQC was used to investigate the effect external fact ors (nearby river Saale and an underground channel) on the groundwater chemistry of a large grassland diversity experiment (Jena experiment). Groundwater chemical analys is was performed for river Saale and groundwater ...

We present the results of precious metals leaching from stubborn sulphidic silver-and- gold-containing ore of Kazakhstani deposit Kunisty by complex cyanide в€’thiosulphate solutions in comparison with separate cyanide and thiosulphate solutions in the model and experimental conditions. It is establis hed, that in a range of investigated concentrations 0,03 - 0,1 M, application of complex cyanide в€’thiosulphate solutions leads to change of oxidation-reduction potential of the solutions by 50Г·200 mV. The degree o...

Widespread use of renewable energies is a global priority that must not be ignored. Optimal production and use of renewable energy sources is a necessity. In the current context, characterized by alarming incr ease in pollution caused by energy production from combustion of fossil fuels, is becoming increasingly important to reduce dependency on these fuels. Energy recovery and conservation aim at solutions for a substantial reduction in fuel consumption. In this context we can mention hydrostatic regenerative hyb...

English for Academic Purposes is a necess ity in quite a large number of companies. Compared to General English, English for Academic Purposes has its own characteristics which are taken into consid eration when developing the syllabus. This paper focuses on academic use of English which is required in certain companies as a part of professional development program.

Purpose of the scientific research – Table of contents Research into the chemical parameters for the quality of vegetables. Qualitative and technological evaluation of plant raw materials (vegetables), improvement and optimization of technologi cal processes and systems for controlling the existing qualities to produce protected and high quality food items. In order to conduct an analysis of vegetables in the region of Mitrovica for Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cd metal content, the ripe samples will be taken from at least t...

Compared with other industries, construction is one of those that actually give contribution to the gradual damage of the environment and is one of the most dangerous sectors in field of occupational health and sa fety. Construction process at the site is not by nature environmentally fr iendly activity and all the s ector is one of the most physically demanding and risky sectors. Many existing researches suggest that construction activity is one of the major contributors to the environmental impacts which are typ...

Nor green business, however, designed precisely to reduce the amount of waste that modern society and its technologies generate, is not entirely trouble-free in relation to waste. This problem also applies to photovo ltaic. The issue of life cycle and the final disposal of modules and materials is more or less long a major role for industry. Total amount of photovoltaic waste in Europe is still relatively small and moves around 3800 tons in 2020, this number will grow to 35 000 tones. Sooner or later it will be ne...

Building environmental assessment systems a nd methods has been introduced in many countries. Building Research Establishment’s Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM) designated as a first building environmental assessment method was developed in the United Kingdom in 1990. The Slovak building environmental assessment system (BEAS) has been processe d in the recent times . Systems and tools used in many countries were based on the new system development for applications under Slovak conditions. The fields and ...

Introduction And Purpose Environmental environment is defined as “a human notices significance of his/her relation with the envi ronment in terms of hi s/her existence”. In the society, several professional groups are of extreme importance for increasing awareness of subjects and leading to behavi or changes. Environmental behaviors of physicians having substantial effects on public health and education are important for social awareness. This study is conducted in order to assess environmental behaviors of st...

In the business environment the principl es of sustainable business are being progressively more respected. These are activ ities that contribute to minimizing costs, reduction of the load on the environment and take into account social aspects in the company. The main result of this pape r is Quality index of regional business environment, which helped to create the rank of the different regions of Slovakia in the examined area.

The European economy of the XXI century ap proaches new directions of orientation towards sustainability and competitiveness. The achievem ent of these goals is possible on condition that the joint efforts of the Member states’ economies are concentrated, through interdisciplinary and inter-state cooperation. The aim of this paper is to identify the common points of interest of environmental and economic approaches, based on: identifying the latest trends in European research concerning the modern concepts desig...

One-step vapor phase oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons over nanosized gold catalysts by using oxygen is carried out. Selective oxidation of propylene to propylene oxide, propane to acetone and isobutene to t-butanol with hydrogen- oxygen mixture in flow conditions is investigated. The reaction occurs at the interface perimeter of the support around the gold particles. The activity of these catalysts can be attributed to synergetic effects between gold and titanium. Adsorption of nitrogen oxide over the so synthe...

The authors point out in this paper that current environmental changes (changes in climatic parameters, air quality, method of land use, cons umption patterns, increased exposure to pollutants, etc.) had complicated the relation between residential and rural external environmenta l adding costs to maintain an acceptable quality of life for residents. The main factors that change the natural attributes of the environment in Galati are: industrial activities (Steel mill, shipyard construction, food and beverage indu...

The authors want to emphasize in this pape r the role of environmental resources in ecotourism. In previous international studies on the motivation of tourists it could be seen which the elements that in terest them are: namely to travel to wild places that provide visual and unique cultural experiences. These tourists are trained and want to know more about the elements sauce as flora and fauna, natural phenomena and unique cultural forms. Activities that they prefer are hiking observing lands capes, birds, etc. ...

The issue deals with a interf erences/ relations be tween protected areas and comunities and administrative system, and levels of interference caused by their specific relationships. So it appears as different studies upon the Carpathian region (Popa, Kern, 2008, Stoica, 2008, Pu ЕџcaЕџu, 2010, Naum, Butnaru, 1983, Chiri ЕЈДѓ, 2009 ). Those relations generated different types of environmental landscapes and dynamic changes in Carpathians area, different spatial sequenc es (Chirita, 2003). not only in the mountain ...

Environmental environment is defined as “a human notices significance of his/her relation with the environment in terms of hi s/her existence”. In the society, several professional groups are of extreme importance for increasing awareness of subjects and leading to behavior changes. Environmental behaviors of physicians having substantial effects on public health and education are impor tant for social awareness. This study is conducted in order to assess environmental behaviors of municipality employess and c...

Introduction and Purpose: Environment is multi-dimensional notion that it has cultural, political, economic, ecologic, social and psychologi cal dimensions in addition to nature-related dimension. Impacts of environmental problems and negative consequences of those impacts on the society increases importance of subject’s knowledge, awareness, attitude s and behaviors. Knowledge on environmental views of doctor candidates and arranging education programs accordingly will make contribution to the solution of the p...

Industrial processes are made obligatory in terms of quality, all under a price/quality ratio to the desired level for the products. Also, it is ob ligatory imposed that the activity to take place in conditions and to be s ubjected to the environmental management: respecting the legislation, to ensure specific conditions , a proper ventilation, noise protection and ergonomics in the field. A key element in implementing ergonomic solutions is the improvement in the field of all the interested f actors. Thus, servic...

In the present work the GIS technologies is used for the analysis of oceanographic conditions and the estimation of the fishing situation on an example of the catching the saira in the North-West area of the Pacific Ocean. The vector GIS ArcGIS and raster GIS IDRISI was used. The analysis were based on the satellite information about the fields of the sea surface temperatures r eceived from satellite NOAA, the altimetric sea level data obtained from sa tellites Topex/Poseidon, ERS-1/2 and the satellite images of t...

Climate change is a serious threat to the e nvironment. The idea of climate envelope is stimulated by the quest for environmental su stainability. ETFE film is highly regarded as a sustainable material, wh ich together with the air makes the system ETFE pillows. Due to its characteristics, ETFE multilayer systems are suita ble for the construction of climatic envelope in certain areas, as well as highly effective modulators of the environment.

One of the major challenges of kindergartens building in Serbia is how to address the existing variations in the pattern of environmental quality across different facilities. This study examines and compares e nvironmental quality of existing buildings in the service phase. The study explains and confirms that quality of kindergarten implies something about the environmental surroundings, the ecological material and the energy efficiency, both of which promote the health, comfort, aesthetic and emotional wellbeing...

In the new context of European urban and environmental politics, Romania’s small towns must go directly toward sustainability in order to ensure high life quality for their communities on the long term. The smallest urban settlements of Romania are confronted with diverse issues due to the former communist regime, the adaptation to the market economy, the planning policy of the sate and historical environment state. As many urban sustainability assessment methods were developed in lite rature, the present study ...

Contribution work out of the problem for rocks disintegration process operation by rotary drilling, where objective function is to minimize specific energy of the rocks disintegration. Proposed operational algorith m is based on continuous evaluating of associated vibrations, on grounds of current di sintegrated rock is classified to relevant class from classes, which are defined in a dvance. For each of classes are expertness specify parameters for effective drilling. Indi vidual rocks are inte rpreted by associa...

The cement as a building material significan tly affects the environment throughout the whole life cycle. The environmental assessm ent of products should be a factor of importance in term of protection of the e nvironment and human safety. Environmental assessment of type I which determines the criteria for materials and products is the most used evaluation process in Slovak Republic. Cements environmental criteri a within the Slovak eco-lab elling process include the energy consumption limitation for production ...

There are many problems related to pipe network rehabilitation, the main one being how to provide an increase in the hydraulic capacity of a system. Most of the Slovak irrigation pipe networks are branched, which is case elsewhere. A possible approach to increasing the hydraulic capacity of such system s is to convert them to looped networks (thereby providing alternative pathways) and increase their hydraulic capacity with minimum capital investment. In this work authors deal with application of simulation and op...

Concentration of chlorophyll is a parameter that is considered adequate for assessing the trophic state of lagoon ecosystems . Application of a selected system of bioindicators to provide a good qualitative evaluation of th e trophic state of the lagoons and their dynamics; evaluation of seasonal water quality variability and comparison between lagoons; design of respective measures of reha bilitation, with regards to modification of hydrodynamic conditions of the lagoons throu gh regulation of tide currents. This...

Romanian Plain occupies from the geotecto nic point of view, the northern part of Moesian Platform, a platform forming a ri gid block between the Carpathians and the Balkans. Dacian Basin, opened after tecton ic movements, badenian , in the Sarmatian, outside the Carpathian arch, has evolved in a brackish sedimentation environment by the end of the Pliocene, after which was installed a lacustrine environment amid of water body restriction only in the southern pa rt of Romania. The lacustrine system is installed in...

We intend with this work to establish the evolution of some indicators which are significant for the development of the economies of Romania and Bulgaria – two neighbour countries with the same options for the economic and politic development. We shall discover that usually the analysed indicators developed in the same way, but with different rhythms. In order to fi nd out the disparities betw een the indicators of the two countries, we will use the method of the extrapolating by analogy, thus allows us the meas...

The territory of our country in terms of cutting geological consists of different geological rocks of all ages from the Quaternary Neoproterozoic up. Magmata’s, and movement of plates that includes the Mediterranean region in earlie r geologic eras led to large-scale geomorphologic and geotect onic reconstruction of the whole region in general and including the region of Kosovo. The impact of these events in the wider region that exceeds the boundaries of our state led to the formation of provinces metallogeneti...