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Based on the recent geological mapping campaign, 2D seismic profiles, well data and regional correlations, a structural framework of the western part of the Polish Outer Carpathians have been established. The proposed structural model differs from the ones that so far have been accepted in the literature. Our interpretation of available seismic data as well as regional outlook suggests that Cretaceous to Oligocene deposits of the Silesian Unit terminates abruptly to the south and does not continue beneath the Magu...

The Step Pyramid complex of Djoser in Saqqara visible today is a reconstruction performed by the main excavator, a French architect Jean-Philippe Lauer, who reconstructed key portions of the complex in the area of 15 ha. However, reconstructed walls, columns and other structures substantially differ in contrast from the Step pyramid itself, its architecture and system of underground tunnels. The existing structure is also not indicating the necessity of numerous attempts to rebuild the pyramid and most likely repr...

Commonly, пїЅprebioticsпїЅ are defined as пїЅnondigestible food ingredients that beneficially affects host health by selectively stimulating the growth and/or activity of one or the limited number of bacteria in the colonпїЅ and they are associated with so-called bifidogenic effect. In addition, there are the alternative definitions of prebiotics to expand the number of compounds attributed as prebiotics. Nevertheless, the most of such substances improve gut microbiota modulation by means of especially metabolism ...

The article outlines the results of magnetizing roasting of manganiferous technogenic raw materials investigation, which were conducted to study the process of magnetizing roasting of пїЅTurпїЅ deposit manganiferous sludge. Magnetizing roasting of sludge was carried out, size of 0.045-0.315 mm. During the process of magnetizing roasting, the coal of Shubarkol class -3 + 2 mm was used. According to the analysis, Shubarkul coal has the following composition, %: ash - 4.87; moisture-4.71; volatile-42.02. After roasti...

Polyvinyl chloride пїЅ a synthetic polymer that has received widespread application as packaging material. Like any plastic, PVC does not decompose in the environment and usually recycled by burning or accumulating in landfills. Recycling of packaging materials is time-consuming and energy-consuming process, so because of that, it is necessary to explore ways of minimising the harm caused by use of plastic packaging on the environment: for example, degradation of the polymer in a natural way. One of possible optio...

The result of the experimental and analytical researches for the appointment of underground excavations, considering the interdependence with the type of rocks met, the working conditions and the safety of the supports have highlighted that the rational use of the actual types of supports, the improvement of the constructive parameters and the design of new types, as a unitary system, needs to be justified taking into account the study of the mechanism of the interaction. The analyses carried out for the rock cond...

The amount of sulphurous and high-sulfur oils increasing annually, and so the consumption of products processed from these oils constantly growing. Content of sulphur in the oil products is strictly controlled, that makes much more actual the task of searching for new cost-effective technologies for reducing the total sulfur content in products of primary and secondary oil refining, as well as at the stage of its preparation for processing. A wide application of various types of fuel leads to air pollution with co...

It is known that high molecular weight paraffins are responsible for the settling out of deposits of asphalts, resins, and paraffins (ARP) and the trouble of their removal. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effeciency of narrow straight-run oil fractions by the dissolution of ARP deposits with a different composition of solid paraffins. For the experiment, two ARP samples with a solid paraffin content of 59.0% (Sample 1) and 34.2 % (Sample 2) were taken. Narrow straight-run fractions were selected as t...

Tatarstan is one of the richest regions of Russia in terms of oil deposits. There are more than 100 oilfields with more than 3 000 000 000 tons of oil extracted up to day. The main deposits concentrated in in Devonian and Carbonic deposits, controlled by different genesis traps. Tatarstan is divided into 3 parts by the main rivers пїЅ Volga and Kama. The main oil deposits concentrated in the South-East part (South Tatar arc), while there are almost no oil in the North (North Tatar arc). To understand the structure...

This study reports the assessment of the pollution to urban soil pollution in few major cities of Romania. In the past few years, in all over Romania an increasing trend could be noticed related to the scientific interest for soil contamination due to anthropogenic activities. Nevertheless, a research aiming to assess a quality screening report related to the presence of contaminants in top soils of urban areas due has never been conducted and the public society is deprived of such information in all cities. The a...

Since the beginning of widespread use of plastic its consumption and production has been constantly increasing. As a result of human activity part of waste ends up in our environment and is deposited in each of the elements of the biosphere. These impurities can be in the form of large elements, small particles fragmented to macroscopic level (pellets, facial scrub grains) and the microparticles visible under a microscope. Particularly harmful for the environment are microplastic particles, which can be deposited ...

Water is essential for life. The amount of drinking water required is variable. It depends on physical activity, age, health issues, and environmental conditions. For those working in a hot climate, up to 16 liters a day may be required. Water makes up about 60% of weight in men and 55% of weight in women. Infants are about 70% to 80% water while the elderly are around 45%. [1] Far from thinking of promoting certain national bodies, the study shows several necessary aspects for evaluating drinking water situation ...

As a member of the European Union, Romania is facing numerous challenges related to the effects of the global economic crisis involving austerity measures, the occurrence of climate changes affecting the sustainable agriculture, important changes in the dynamics of labour market, an unprecedented wave of migration - a phenomenon that, without an integrated approach, could lead to the emergence of some extreme social attitude etc. This is why, the best solutions have to be found leading to the acceleration of the e...

In recent years, significant changes have occurred in the energy scene in general, and thermal energy was not immune to it. Such changes have led to attentive determination for optimal form of supply with thermal energy, accurate planning of this energy and making the right decisions. So, a right decision should be based on accurate planning, especially when dealing with an energy system. This research will focus on selecting the optimal supply of thermal energy for a space / facility which is partially used for b...

An important tool for managing natural resources is the country's tax system. The assessment of the compliance of the tax system with the country's economic, social and environmental policies is related to the implementation of the regulatory function of taxation. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the regulatory function should include: an assessment of the effectiveness of tax incentives for investment in environmental protection facilities; an assessment of the environmental efficiency of existing tax incentive...

Nowadays there is a search for alternative motor fuels. In this situation, applied science is actively working on the problem of the search of cheap, high-calorie and environmentally friendly fuel.To solve this problem, the basic technological scheme of processing of real exhaust gases of TPP in a high-octane diesel is developed, and laboratory apparatus (column with cooling tubes) for the synthesis of methanol and dimethyl ether is suggested.The advantage of the developed scheme of reprocessing of real exhaust ga...

The technology of cutting with a plasma arc is today a very advanced solution for thermally cuttable conductive materials. Plasma or also the plasma arc is composed of positively and negatively charged particles, excited and neutral atoms and molecules. As it contains free particles, it is electrically conductive and thus subject to the effects of an electric and magnetic field. This article discusses the use of plasma cutting technology on a CNC machine. The resulting quality of the plasma cutting is determined b...

In the classification of natural disasters and hazards that occur all over the world, landslides are in the fifth place, both as far as number of casualties and material losses. Landslides are processes that lead to natural disasters or technical failures, the consequences of which threaten life, health and property of people. Continuous monitoring and evaluation of the risk seems to be a very important issue in preventing effects of this natural disasters. This paper therefore discuss the causes of landslides wit...

Into this paper there are presented physical and mechanical properties of control samples from self-compacting concrete realized with fly ash and silica fume (like powders) and superplasticizer. The slump of fresh self-compacting concrete was 680 mm, L-box h1/h2=0.92 and V-funnel = 12 sec. There were realized prismatic samples with dimensions 10 x 10 x 30 cm. The control samples were kept into laboratory curing conditions. The testing ages were at 28 days and 9 years. At 28 days age, the compressive strengths on p...

In most industrialized countries the problem of air pollution has become a major concern with significant social and political implications, is considered a barrier to economic and social development, drawing attention to these natural resources, materials and energy are not inexhaustible. In the literature are numerous researches on environmental pollution, correlated or not with the consequences on animals and food of animal origin, and not least on health human. In recent times the environmental pollution has d...

The wide availability of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with GPS, inertial system and a digital camera makes them very affordable for many geospatial applications. Just about a decade, such applications were reserved exclusively for aerial photogrammetry. With the development and popularization of UAVs, the software was developed, that allows a very high degree of automation in the preparation of standard photogrammetric products, such as digital orthophoto (DOF) and digital terrain model (DTM). However,...

Ensuring shaftпїЅs safe operation is the primary aim of measurements and observations performed in mining shafts. This involves not only determining the current technical condition of the mining shaft, but also determining causes of observed changes. In Poland, in order to preserve the efficiency of every shafts several inventory works have been performed, described in details in Ordinance. Observations пїЅ including visual assessment and metric measurements пїЅ are performed within a specified time interval. So t...

Nowadays in buildings energy supply the various combinations of the district heating, electricity and natural gas systems are used for heating, hot-water supply, cooking and etc. At the same time due to the development of energy saving technologies the available generating capacity on various types of energy has appeared and the competition among energy supplying organizations may occur. Therefore, we need to consider the impact of such decisions on the development of all types of engineering networks in specific ...

According to the existing Directive 2002/49/WE the task of identification and forecasting of noise pollution in the urban environment are carried through acoustic maps technology. The parameters designated in acoustic maps are limited to the quantitative size of evaluation of the environment exposed to the effects of noise sources, e.g. LAeq, LDEN, Lnight. The determined values of these parameters are fundamental to the decision пїЅ making process in the terms of noise reduction. The results of undertaken research...

The research represents the results of the study of metals in the leaves of Betula pendula R. in the settlement Ursk around the tailings of the former gold-polymetallic deposit located in Kemerovo region in the south of Western Siberia. 17 leaf samples were collected by the radial net with the step of 150-200 meters. The concentrations of chemical elements in the dry leaf matter were determined by the ICP-MS method. The concentrations of Hg, Ni, Cd, Pb, Zn, Ag, Sb, Ba, Co, and As in the leaves from 3 to 11 times e...

At present, education is regarded as an autonomous and intercultural educational process, during which studentsпїЅ individual and social qualities should be developed. The emphasis is placed on the selection of teaching strategies, especially those which lead to active learning. Nevertheless, education based on the frontal instruction, teacherпїЅs monologue and zero studentsпїЅ activity is carried out at many universities. Naturally, there are many reasons and to pinpoint one of them as the primary cause is diffic...

The tailings resulting from surface excavation mining can turn into areas used for the re-cultivation of various species of plants, which represents, in fact, an ecological reconstruction and rehabilitation of degraded fields. The re-cultivation of tailings can underpin farming or forestry, and the research conducted in this regard recommends using organic and mineral fertilizers in order to provide the necessary nutrients, increase the organic matter content and also improve the soil structure and microbiological...

In studies on the assessment of the impact of environmental noise sources, depending on the objective set, there are used various supporting models and technologies. In the article, there was carried out the analysis of the selection of physical and psychoacoustic variables caused by the noise sources. They were determined the basic psychoacoustic measures of sound quality for registered acoustic signals in urban environment. The results were compared with the results obtained in the experiment. There was carried ...

The buildings energy performance is becoming increasingly important, because of environmental restrictions connected with CO2 emission and rising costs of fuel end energy. Respecting sustainability issues, design of buildings with improved thermal properties and optimum energy performance is preferred, whereas specific attention has to be paid not only to the design of building envelopes, but also to the thermal insulation of buildings subsoil. To obtain buildings with high thermal resistance and sufficient therma...

Environmental protection and sustainable development are two of the of great topics of interest and much concern for the new generation of passive dwelling constructors, designerпїЅs architects. In the past less concern was attached to the use of environment friendly materials in harmony with the European legislation for the construction of passive dwellings and to the questions constantly raised by life: constructors and beneficiaries should meet the legislation on these constructions in harmony with the environm...

A detailed analysis of a soil chronosequence located in well drained upland positions within broadleaf subzone of the Russian plain was performed to investigate the possible transformation of pedogenic pathways related to the climatic changes during the Late Holocene. The soil chronosequence included a soil buried under fortification (earthen) wall constructed in Early Iron Age and a day surface soil developing under natural (broadleaf forest) vegetation. Different pedogenic processes were evaluated using a number...

At present, vehicles with various technical characteristics and various equipment for medical purposes are used to provide assistance in hard-to-reach places. GIS allows for the timely selection of vehicles for medical care, taking into account the quality of the road network and travel on the ground, developing the optimal route of travel at the point of assistance and assessing options for providing transportation services, taking into account changing natural conditions. The article considers the problems of pr...

The knowledge of temporal changes in land use as well as the proper interpretation of such changes is one of the factors that allow accurate diagnosis of problems that affect the development of rural areas. It helps to make decisions related to various types of changes that the areas may undergo. The identification of changes in land use is possible thanks to the analyses of satellite imaging, aerial scanning, and ground-based measurements completed with different measuring methods. Characteristic features of each...

Network steganography could be used to try to send secret information using computer networks. Transfer of secret information must be carried out in a manner that is hard to detect and compromise covered communication in this way. Only the entities involved in such correspondence should have the right to read the content of message. For other observers, such data exchange should not arise any suspicion. Currently, a lot of interest among scientists is paid to topics of assessment of the suitability of various netw...

Monosaccharides, as well as the other carbohydrates, are used for the production of different chemicals including polyols which are widely used in food, medical, pharmaceutical industries. A large number of catalysts can be applied for these purposes but the main problem of numerous catalysts is instability leading to a high-speed deactivation, active phase leaching and support destruction. So the development of highly active, mechanically and chemically stable catalysts is one of the main tasks for the researcher...

Mining rail transport is one of the main transport systems within intra-plant logistics of mining enterprises. Its main task is the transportation of raw materials from mining sites for further processing. For efficient operation it is necessary to apply planning and optimization tools. Within the optimization processes as a one of the key tools in engineering practice appears to be a computer simulation method. For proper applying it is, however, necessary to handle modelling of some particularities which are rel...

Brief introduction on the use of GNSS technology in various fields of activity (We open with an introduction regarding the use of terrestrial laser scanning technology in various fields of activity and its use in the study of soil erosion. Next we present the use of geographical information systems (GIS) in our country and their use in various fields, including the study of soil erosion. The use of GIS in the study of soil erosion and the creation of databases with the areas where the phenomenon can be found leads...

Mapping of appearance and geometry of complicated industrial objects is a complex problem which requires that properly planned and prepared surveys are performed. Usually, detailed inventory must be performed for industrial objects. However, their complicated structure and difficult access to their entre surfaces result in limited visibility of the object. In this paper the commercially available CAD programmes (Kubit PointSense, LupoScan Pro, Autocad 2016 Geomagic Studio) are discussed; they enable the 3D modelli...

This article presents the results of studies and research performed for the development of some environment management systems, based on information linked to the spatial and temporal distribution of areas with rainfall deficit. Climate change is a complex phenomenon, accompanied by a wide variety of effects. Rapid alternation, between severe heat wave/drought and abundant rainfall/flooding, is more and more obvious. Aridity increase, drought, erosion accentuation and soil desertification are considered to be seve...

Brief introduction on the use of GNSS technology in various fields of activity (surveying, agriculture, environmental protection, etc.) and the use of the Romanian Position Determination System (ROMPOS) in determining the various types.Next we present the use of GNSS technology and ROMPOS, in general, and their usefulness in identifying parcels, especially in the acquisition of data necessary for positioning and delimiting them.The enhanced precision identification process leads to correct decisions in making paym...

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) - the, so-called, drones, are changing the way of work of many professionals. Drones are characterised by small dimensions, relatively low prices, simple navigation and the wide possible applications; this results in growing interests in their use. In the process of real estate validation a real estate expert is obliged to perform the site inspection and to analyse a real estate with respect to its surroundings and to prepare a report of those operations. It should be assumed that t...

The touristic maps are the one of the most popular and widely used among the society type of map. However the ones are not official map and no government entity of Poland responsible for producing and distributing this types of maps. Therefore they are not free for local governments. Tourist on line maps are an ideal way for cities and region to promote their local business community. Indeed, it is estimated that hundred billion is spent on travel and tourism annually in the Poland. This is why local governments s...

Currently, there is an increase in the output of volumes of products of refineries, which leads to the contamination of the water basin by hazardous substances - such as dissolved refined products. Pollution of water resources leads to deterioration of the ecological situation. Existing cleaning methods, such as mechanical cleaning, reagent cleaning, hydrocyclones cleaning, sewage from oil products are not effective. These methods do not provide for the purification of effluents to the required MPC or are costly, ...

The aim of the article is to show the possibility of using the Balanced Scorecard as a tool for performance and measurement of enterprise focusing on supporting activities covered under the facility management. The balanced scorecard is a strategic planning and management system, what is based on experiences of large multinational companies in the field of strategic management. The purpose of the measurement and evaluation is a shift towards set goals for improving the performance and quality of the company. Gener...

The paper presents the results of the study on the variability of volumetric density of individual lithological types in the Cu-Ag deposit in the Lubin-Glogow Copper District (the Polkowice-Sieroszowice mining area). In the examined deposit, the three main lithological types are made of eighteen ore types with different petrographic and mineralogical composition. Six lithological units with the largest share in the deposit resources were selected for the examination. The statistical description has shown that the ...

In the paper is described system of indirect measurement of melt temperature (SIMT) in the converter. The steelmaking process belongs to very complicated metallurgical processes. Steelworks annually make millions of tons quality steel for home and foreign market. Quality and quantity of produced steel is needed to rise so steelworks are able to compete in world in this part of an industry. One of the options how to raise the quality in this technological process is information about temperature during melt. Temper...

The paper presents made for Salt Mine пїЅWieliczkaпїЅ: <System of video monitoring of the housing and shaft reinforcement condition during sealing the rock mass around the mine shaft "Kosciuszko">. It was used during the monitoring of sealing the rock around the mine shaft "Kosciuszko", and now serves for periodic visual inspection. Due to the fact that ongoing work injection may lead to deformation of the shaft lining and reinforcement the system that allowed real-time monitoring of the shaft was built. The proce...

The periods with precipitations surplus represent a risk that usually has a local prevalence, unlike the periods with precipitations deficit, where the areal spread is large, and the onset and evolution are slow. The perception in the case of periods with pluviometric surplus is that of a major hydrological risk, because of the violent and progressive way of manifestation, while droughts are perceived as being less dangerous phenomena. Among the pluviometric parameters that visibly influence the precipitations reg...

The river monitoring activity from the territory of the Banat hydrographic space which is situated in south-western part of Romania started in the 19th century, when the achievement of drainage works were started, of great amplitude, in the subsidence area of the Western Field, where there several swamps and frequent floods took place, and when several hydrotechnical works were performed, based on studies and projects, for which several observations and hydrological measurement where necessary. The occurrence of t...

The paper presents a method for calculating and determining the environmental impact of the metallic material production in the specific shop of the machine building plant. Using mass balance equation, main pollutant emissions and by-products like CO, SO2, NOx, Heavy metal particles, slag, mud or volatile organic compounds were determined in the case of 1000 Kg steel, copper, aluminum and zinc production. Measurements were made with an original stand measuring emissions and by-products even in the work area operat...