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This paper provides a detailed picture of the existing legislation of agricultural land use by entities who do not own it in Bulgaria and makes specific suggestions to improve it, aiming at creating a legislative framework enhancing productivity and sustainability. The study is briefly considering the historical and economic factors for the development of the case law in line with the legal framework in thiscontext. Attention is also paid to the goals of the European Union (EU) to provide properconditions for tech...

A thematic map contains a spatial database that allows the user to add new information to that database. The ability to combine a variety of datasets in a variety of ways makes any GIS a useful tool for almost any field of knowledge. From routinely performing work-related tasks to scientifically exploring the complexity of our world, GIS offers people the geographic advantage of becoming more productive, more aware, and more receptive to the planet Earth. A GIS can be defined as a system designed to capture, store...

The environmental management system should be considered as part of the overall management system. This involves looking at the organizational structure, planning activities, responsibilities, practices, procedures, processes and resources for developing, implementing, achieving, reviewing and maintaining environmental policy. Basic principles and requirements of the environmental management system are aimed at identifying, researching, controlling and reviewing the factors influencing the environment, which allow...

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are solutions that cover a wide range of fields, from the management of urban resources, the introduction of satellite tracking and coordination of roads routes, tourism, civil protection, logistical support in case of natural disasters, land records, management of agricultural farms and forest fund, etc. At present there are many uses of science applied in society and which provide decision support for many beneficiaries - companies, public authorities. Thus, GIS with urban ap...

The main objective of the study is the analysis of the effects of the geological substrate and of the geomorphological diversity on the characteristics of the vegetation (the diversity of species, the diameter of the trees). The study area is made up of the Cioclovina karst area and the crystalline area near it, which are located in the Dacian Plateau in the ?ureanu Mountains. Within the study, a series of geomorphological variables were calculated to establish geomorphological heterogeneity, namely: slope, slope ...

Modern professional geographic information systems (GIS) include a wide range of well-tuned powerful algorithms for processing and analyzing spatial data, but their use is hampered by the specifics of the information environment in which the GIS data operate. At the same time, web technologies can provide an information environment that will allow users to access GIS software from anywhere in the world. The integration of GIS and web technologies provides greater opportunities for collecting, accumulating and proc...

To date, certain experience in paleolandscape research has been accumulated in various regions of the country. The research is based on the central principles of classical paleogeography. Large-scale paleolandscape mapping was carried out by the authors on the basis of combined landscape and archaeological studies in the key areas of the forest zone of the European territory of Russia. Paleolandscape mapping is based on the combined use of the results of paleolandscape reconstructions, detailed palynological analy...

The present research (landscape, landscape-historical and landscape-ecological) was carried out to determine the landscape-ecological potential of Moscow for the purpose of territorial planning and with a view to developing proposals for the balanced and effective urban development, for ensuring the comfort of living for the city’s population, and protection of the environment and objects of cultural heritage. The research included: a detailed analysis of the natural, cultural and historical features, an assessmen...

High-resolution imagery guarantees excellent quality of coastal topographic surveys. Alongside the rapid progress of remote sensing, digital photogrammetry and image processing in recent years using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) provide outstanding opportunities for mapping the coastal zone, including the coverage of difficult-to-access areas, as is the Northern Bulgarian coast. Both spatial planning and integrated coastal zone management require highly accurate and up-to-date geodata, being among the main reaso...

The study of spatial heterogeneity of phytosanitary state of seeding and agricultural crops plantings is necessary for the widespread introduction of the precision farming system, which would make it possible to achieve a significant reduction in the pesticide load on agrocenoses and the environment. In Russia, the methodology for studying the heterogeneity of the phytosanitary state of agrocenoses is developed on the experimental base of the Menkovsky branch of the Agrophysical Research Institute. For this purpos...

The electronic historical-geographical atlas of cultural and historical landscapes of ancient waterways is a combination of a traditional atlas and a geographic information system (GIS). The atlas intends to include electronic, accessible via the Internet, integrated maps of historical waterways, interactive three-dimensional models of their most important sections, with identified natural and hydraulic monuments, historical and cultural objects, historic monuments and sites, including descriptions of the topograp...

The ecological movement emergence in the Federal Republic of Germany and its subsequent, rapid politicization, on which wave the Green Party is institutionalized, was due to a reasons complex set for socio-economic, political and spiritual origin, passed through the relationships existing system prism between human society and the environment. These reasons? combination initially gave the ecological movement a specific features number, which presence greatly complicates its socio-political essence knowledge, since...

Terrain mapping has always been a process that ensured the economic development of countries and regions of the world. This was achieved due to the well-coordinated work of geodesists who receive geodata and cartographers presenting these data in the form of a cartographic image. For many centuries, the main task of cartographers was to accurately show the location of objects and their main characteristics using map symbols and cartographic methods. In the XX century, ideas about the essence and content of terrain...

The article presents some case studies of negative impact of human activities on underwater cultural heritage from Black Sea. A serious problem is the pollution and the litter disposal in the historical harbours. The resulting conditions often endanger some impressive and well-preserved underwater cultural heritage sites. An advanced methodology for litter registering and assessment was developed and applied using remote sensing with side scan sonar, subbottom profiler and orthophotography using a drone. The surve...

This study uses GIS for studying the state of forests, affected by diseases or by pests or have other kind of damages. GIS is an effective tool to examine the phytosanitary status of forests based on existing specialized data from forest management plans and data from alerts submitted to online portal of the Executive Forest Agency, Bulgaria. The spatial GIS analysis of the specialized data for a given forest management unit (State Forestry Enterprise "Chirpan", district Stara Zagora, Bulgaria) is the basis for th...

Many countries face the growing issue of an ageing population, which can be characterized as one of the most important phenomena of this century. One of the key factors in the elderly’s lives is spatial mobility, which is linked to their quality of life and well-being, including their independence and self-reliance. Walking is understood as an essential activity in this frame. The progressive erosion of physical and mental capabilities in elderly persons is causing growing issues for walking and close-neighbour mo...

The authors substantiate that the implementation of decentralization reform in Ukraine can help to achieve the goals of sustainable development. Procedures and policies for decentralization reform promote socio-economic development of the regions through changes in the country's budget policy. This affects the welfare of the population and is one of the global goals of sustainable development. The main directions of decentralization that directly or indirectly affect the implementation of sustainable development g...

The Irovka River in latitude is in the rectangle 23.89 minutes and in longitude 18.89 minutes. The purpose of the article is the analysis of wave equations in the form of asymmetric wavelets of coordinate change - local longitude. After identifying the wavelet, 18 components with variable amplitude and oscillation period were obtained. A significant part of the oscillations occurs along the Irovka River with a length of 69 km. The first three members gave a correlation of 0.9991, which is slightly less for the loc...

Vietnam has been developing rapidly in the direction of a market economy, a strong economic development, an industrialization and modernization process is taking place, and it is increasing population. Quickly created new demands on land. Besides, the development of agriculture must also be a priority to ensure the issue of "Food security". Agricultural land fund is declining due to the development of industries and services, along with infrastructure development and desertification of land. This is an indispensab...

Environmental safety has long been a much-discussed topic around the world. There are various local, state or even global organizations whose goal is to ensure environmental safety on the planet. Environmental security is also directly linked to environmental crime, which maps and punishes citizens who harm nature in any way. Each country has a different set of perceptions of environmental security and crime. In the Slovak Republic, there was a change in its understanding in 2018, if a proposal was submitted to re...

Digital land registration is a trend towards improving the effectiveness of a number of standards in the field of land databases and land management in general. Like smart life, the development of digital technologies in land registration is also very important, especially in the digital age, because land is an extremely valuable resource. Today, the use of information technologies in the inventory is an important direction and a necessary condition for achieving the goals of sustainable development. The use of in...

Hydrogeological maps are the main form of graphic representation of the hydrogeological studies results and enable various areas to be distinguished according to their hydrological character in relation to the geology. Geological sections reflect the most important characteristics of the geological structure to depth and have their own legend. At the same time, the hydrogeological section reflects the geological structure and hydrogeological conditions of the site along the established direction (section line), wh...

It is no longer a novelty that for the socio-economic development of the society in which we live, the main resource is represented by information. Of the data and information that society faces on a daily basis, most have spatial reference. Thus, the field of Geographic Information Systems has become an interactive way of viewing and accessing the components of the geographical environment. For the management of natural disasters, a multi-temporal spatial data is required. Satellite remote sensing is the ideal to...

The operation is based on the identification of the working area on the old land book plan. This includes the topographic numbers of the area where the building is located and all representative details, namely water courses, roads, road intersections as well as other linear elements well established in time. On the old land book plans, each plot is highlighted with a distinct topographic number, topographic number that is entered in the land register and corresponds with a land book. The old land book plan was dr...

The article attempts to explain different impacts of border effect on different types of borders and the question of whether the border effect has a greater intensity at the national border than at the border between the regions of one country and how big this difference is. The hypothesis was tested on a case study of the Liberec region, located in the Czech Republic at the border with Poland and Germany (part of Euroregion Nisa ? Neisse ? Nysa). For quantifying the border effect, the gravity model of spatial int...

The article shows the stages of creating an interactive map of tourist resources of the Akmola region by using Web-technology. The main tourist resources of the region and methods for their assessment were determined. The tourist resources of the region are represented by natural (geological and geomorphological, climatic, hydrological, botanical), cultural and historical, also socio-economic resources. Evaluation of geological resources was carried out by using the cartographic method (the cartograms mode). To as...

This paper seeks to analyse the prospects of locally grown soya in substituting imported soybean meal used in pig feeding in Latvia. Soybean meal is a superior source of protein in compound feeds due to its high protein contents and amino acid composition, but the EU is vastly dependent on the import of plant proteins, with the imports of soya for feed dominating. Latvia also imports considerable quantities of soybean meal that is close to the total production of local protein plants. Owing to potential economic b...

The dynamics of oil production growth observed in the world is conditioned by intensification of oil resource development related to hard-to-recover fields, particularly, shale oil recovery that has allowed for the USA to become a leader in the world production. The common petroleum and gas production technique is hydraulic fracture treatment, which has become an issue of public concern as to its environmental safety. There is an ambivalent attitude towards this technology in the world. In some countries it is for...

Greenhouse gas emissions are high among global environmental issues, which is also true for Russia. Based on an analysis of government reports on the state and environmental protection of the Russian Federation and on the state and use of the subsoil of the Russian Federation, it has been established that over the past five years at least 70% of greenhouse gas emissions in Russia account for the fuel and energy complex. Significant reductions in the emissions of these gases in industry are very problematic due to ...

The main difficulties nowadays in Bulgaria in agricultural land governance, land administration and land management stem from weaknesses in the legal framework. To this can be added the historically accumulated lack of interest in land stewardship and the inherited soil degradation processes. Nowadays chaotic land use does not provide territorial conditions for taking advantage of modern agricultural technologies. The socio-economic development requires complicated interaction between the private, state, municipal...

In modern society, in most areas of activity, information technologies are actively being introduced, which has been facilitated by their powerful development over the past decades. The development of the technical equipment of the modern army, the increasing preponderance towards information wars, led to the fact that the defense sphere was no exception. Most of the important information technologies used by the military are based on means of processing digital information about the terrain and methods for collec...

With the development of space and information technology, emergency monitoring using satellite data is gaining tremendous relevance. If we take into account the area of the Republic of Kazakhstan (2.7 million km2), there is an urgent need to create a unified space monitoring system for the most priority natural and man-made disasters. This article discusses the space monitoring system, its composition and functional diagram of the basic elements of the system and remote access services to the resources and results...

The Vltava River and its riverine landscape has had a significant importance for the Czech nation, culture, economy and transport for centuries. The river itself, landscape and life of people tightly connected with Vltava have undergone massive changes which can be revealed from the old maps, historical photographs, archival documents and also personal testimonies. The main aim of the project is to show the vanished face of the river depicted on the beautiful old maps and photographs via modern cartographic method...

The objective of the study is to visualize the Vltava River valley in the area of Kamyk nad Vltavou. The workflow involves the georeferencing and vectorization of map data in ArcMap. Based on this processing, 3D objects are procedurally modelled in the CityEngine programme. The resulting 3D objects are complemented with a photogrammetrically created model of the Kamyk Reservoir. The results are presented in the form of map applications. This study aims to present the workflows already used in the project and the p...

The fundamental political right guaranteed by the Constitution of the Slovak Republic is the freedom of expression and the right to information, without this right the existence of a genuine democratic establishment is not possible. Democracy and its basic principles, expressed in the Constitution and in the laws of every democratic state, represent a legal institution in terms of the theory of law. As it follows from Article Number 26, Paragraph 1 of the Constitution of the Slovak Republic, freedom of expression ...

The studies for Recent Crustal Movements by the aid of space geodesy techniques are integrated into the researches on the Earth?s crust dynamics, as a reflection of the complex geodynamic phenomena that occur in the crust and in the subcrustal lithosphere. In addition to the fundamental nature, the research in this field presents a practical characteristic, competing alongside geology and geophysics to the shaping of new energy sources or solid mineral substances, to the determination of the soil stability degree ...

The right to a favorable environment advocates the theory of law in the third generation of human rights that emerged in the second half of the twentieth century. Its creation required the need to protect the population from the threats posed by the postmodern era and the post-industrial society. This category is a generation of collective rights based on people's solidarity and the pursuit of a favorable environment. In international discussions, third-generation rights are controversial and not widely recognized...

The activity of S.C. Agrobirkenbach SRL started in 2010, following the lease of an area of 183 ha. In the following years, arable land was added in the same area, both in the form of lease and purchase, reaching an area of 831.68 ha in 2015. Out of this area, 80 ha are owned by the company and the difference of 751.68 ha is held as a lease. The present paper aims to make a contribution through the use of modern technologies to the optimisation of area monitoring (lands cultivated with different crops). The agricul...

GIS-technologies in hydrogeology facilitate transformation of methods of cartographic works. At the same time, it is necessary to provide methodological recommendations and guidelines for presentation of geographical features on the digital hydrogeological maps. The hydrogeological maps are constructed on the results of the hydrogeological research with due consideration of geological conditions of the region, aquifers and aquifer systems, aquicludes, linear structural elements and other data. This article is abou...

As a part of the Czech Historical Atlas project, the Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and the Faculty of Civil Engineering of the Czech Technical University in Prague prepare a printed atlas devoted to the history of the former Czechoslovakia in the 20th century. The atlas is now in the process of creating and reviewing individual maps. This paper deals with the thematic division of the atlas, the use of individual cartographic methods and important notes on the creation of his...

Presently, most electronic navigation charts (ENC) are vector format maps based on the S-57 data model. This model uses the descriptive and spatial characteristics of bodies of water to create hydrographic information which can be used to solve such problems as: marine traffic monitoring, vessel route planning, maritime dangerous situation detection, etc. This paper presents an approach to maritime safety monitoring on the basis of intelligent GIS technology. GIS-oriented systems are often used for maritime safety...

This paper focuses on the capabilities of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to develop databases that support alternative tourism and, in particular, wine tourism in Bulgaria. The main task of the paper is to collect and integrate existing public and open-source graphical and attribute data. We use GIS tools to create a database, an online register, and an interactive map of wineries and wine houses according to Bulgarian laws and tradition. We create a specialized spatial GIS database containing administrative...

Correct application of nitrogen fertilizers in crop management on arable land has high importance both from economic and environmental point of view, mainly in the condition of higher spatial variability of farm fields. One of the solutions could be a variable rate application (VRA) of nitrogen fertilizers based on the management zones, which addresses site specific changes in soil properties and crop requirements. The main aim of this study was to analyze the spatial variability of two fields from crop yield maps...

At a global scale, climate change generates extreme events which are more and more dangerous for society. Extreme hydrological and geomorphological phenomena are one of the most common causes of human life loss and material damage as a result of the manifestation of natural hazards around human communities. Floods sometimes cause irreversible damage or completely destroy areas with cultural heritage sites. In Europe, floods are affecting annually a great number of cultural heritage sites or buildings, which lead t...

The purpose of the work is to prezent a way in which can be hierarchized the investment projects in accordance with the criteria established by the international financiers based on the Multi-criteria Analysis (MCA). The MCA method is a sound basis for the investment decision-making when it is designing a project proposal. In this research we are used the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) process of hierarchy the investment projects that can be applied as an interactive method of the multi-criteria analysis. Thus, ...

Over the 21 century, the analysis of human capital has taken on a progressively more central role in discussions regarding the growth and success of nations and regions. The systematic development of human resources has for some time been an important consideration for national policy-makers throughout much of the developed world. Human resources, traditionally known as labour, are vital in order to support and ensure continuous regional economic growth. Human resource development (HRD) refers to the stock of prod...

Creating roads in agricultural land covers many aspects like legal eligibility, planning and design, road safety, quality assurance, mobilization of resources, environmental protection, social contribution, maintenance management, research and development provision, etc. Currently, the issue of construction agricultural roads is underestimated. Priority is given to highway construction. Society is not institutionally, scientifically and resource prepared to promote this process. The goal of the paper is to examine...

Historical land-use and land-cover are the key input for the evaluation of past global change and nowadays processes. These studies lie in the intersection of physical and social geography, economy, history and archeology. The original combination of GIS technologies within landscape, historical, archaeological, paleogeographic methods forms the methodological basis of research. The main practical task is to identify the relations between landscape features and different types of environmental management and settl...

Economic diversification is considered as a model of modern rural development in the European Union and in Bulgaria. It is perceived as a process of increasing the variety of economic activities in the sectors of the rural economy. The creation of stable sectors represented by a variety of production activities, marks the contemporary socio-economic development of rural areas. This is the reason why economic diversification finds its place in the rural development policy of the European Union (EU) and Bulgaria. Th...

Air temperature influences a variety of environmental processes, having a significant impact on the conditions of living of humans and other life forms. The Brazilian Northeast is a region that comprises a diversity of ecosystems, but it is most known as a semi-arid area characterized by severe environmental conditions. This work proposes to model air temperature in Brazilian Northeast to evaluate changing patterns between 2000 and 2017 using two interpolation techniques and comparing them. Monthly average tempera...