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In the conditions of depletion of traditional energy resources, the development of hard-to-recover hydrocarbon resources is becoming increasingly important in the world economy. One of these potential sources of tight gas can be in carbonate-clay fractured reservoirs of the Cambrian deposits of Kazakhstan, located at the depth of about 6 km. The reservoir rocks consist of quartz, muscovite, albite, calcite, mixed layered clays, and chlorite. It is assumed that, the deposited particles from barite mud, which are us...

Near trunk road plantations in several regions of Russia's widespread coniferous trees, particularly pine (Pinus sylvestris L) and spruce (Picea pungens Engelm). Currently there is a trend of increasing plantations of pine (Pinus sylvestris L) near trunk road, this is due to the ecological and biological characteristics of pine (Pinus sylvestris L), particularly low demands on soil fertility, heat and cold resistance, good survival of seedlings. The creation of plantations of spruce (Picea pungens Engelm) in the a...

The paper deals with the efficiency of selected sorption materials when used on selected chemical hazardous substances in practice. Experimental investigation to very real effectiveness of technic sorption materials has been made. Selected samples of technic sorption materials that can be used for the disposal of leaked chemical substance. Sorbent powders of Eco Dry, Spilkleen and textile sorbents of HKZP 4446 and E 1000 where used and applied as technical sorbents. They studied technical sorbents are mostly used ...

Almost 97 percent of water on the planet is seawater, 2.31 percent is frozen in glaciers; 0.66 percent is ground water, and only 0.03 percent of water is included in the hydrological cycle on the surface of the earth. The paper analyzes what factors of human behavior lead to a change in freshwater resources on the planet. The aim is to create a model which will show us the relations between the changes in fresh water reserves and human behavior. An ADL-model (autoregressive distributed lags model) was chosen as a ...

One of the major problems with exploitation of air heat pumps (ASHP) in the cold season, is frosting of outdoor heat exchangerпїЅs surface. A layer of frost accumulated on its surface, leads to decreased heating performance and energetic inefficiency. To restore the ASHPпїЅs nominal capacity, a defrosting process needs to be conducted periodically. The necessity of this procedure causes penalty energy usage, decreasing already low COP in result. Analyzing commonly used ASHP systems, some possibilities of energy ef...

The problems of sintering process are dust emissions and pollutant emissions, especially SO2. During the actual production in the sintering process emission ceiling limits are exceeded. They are being implemented measures that prevent from breaking SO2 emission limit. The sulfur content of feedstocks influences both the quality of sinter and the pig iron and the amount of SO2 emissions. One of the possibilities is a partial substitution of coke dust with anthracite. World steel production will continue to be domin...

The Europe 2020 strategy is the EU's agenda for growth and jobs for the current decade. It started in 2010 and will last into 2020. It emphasises smart, sustainable and inclusive growth. Its aim is to overcome the structural weaknesses in Europe's economy, improve its competitiveness and productivity and underpin a sustainable social market economy. This strategy includes three areas of interest. Smart, sustainable and inclusive growth. One of set areas for this strategy is sustainable growth. We can say, that thi...

The main aim of our paper is to analyze and make proposals on the effective management of individual items that have a significant impact on profit or loss and the possibility of elimination of production risks. Attention is paid to the issue of management of production risks in the manufacturing plant in Slovakia. To obtain the necessary data, we draw information from internal materials. For management, it is important to know what risks it could negatively affect them. Identification, quantification of impacts a...

Pectinatella magnifica is freshwater organism, which round-shaped colonies are most often found attached to the different submerged parts of coastal plants and can reach the weight even several kilograms. Usually it can be found in oligotrophic to mesotrophic waters, during the season when water temperature reaches 20пїЅC and more [4]. Although Pectinatella magnifica originally comes from North America, it has recently been known as an invasive species in Europe and part of Asia. The first recorded occurrence in E...

Forest complex is the great asset for the country-owner. This segment of the national economy provides the wide spectre of different resources valuable for many industries of the national economy such as construction, printing, trade, medicine. Therefore it is necessary to form proper technical and technological base with industrial modernization mechanisms to use huge potential of forests fully, keeping ecological standards and norms of rational nature use. In the article the questions of industrial management mo...

The article depicts natural potential of the Arctic territory, provides shares in fuel and energy and mineral resources extracted in the Arctic region of Russia. An importance of arctic oil and gas projects for Russian and the World economies has been noted. It has also been noticed that localization of equipment production and the development of technologies aimed at the offshore oil and gas extraction in the Arctic region of the Russian Federation may become a driver to stimulate import replacement, as well as t...

The West Carpathians consist of an older, internal orogenic zone known as the Inner or Central Carpathians and the external, younger one, known as the Outer or Flysch Carpathians. The Outer Carpathians are built up of a stack of nappes and thrust-sheets showing a different lithostratigraphy and tectonic structures. The Outer Carpathian nappes are thrust over the North European Platform and its Miocene-Paleocene cover. They correspond to more or less separate sedimentary basins and every basin generally displays a ...

The range of using the electric machines with high speed is increased year by year. It is very easy to explain. The power of electric machines depends from speed and sizes. If we will increase the speed we may decrease the sizes. So, the machines will have more less weight and materials. We may decrease the total cost of unit. But it is in case if we will solve many technologic problems. The main problem is the strength of rotating rotor. It is known that a centrifugal force depends from the speed as square-law. A...

Several pots belonging to Neolithic cultures from the Romanian Plain contain crystals of brown hornblende. The brown hornblende is a calcic mineral belonging to the amphibole family, a highly complex series of inosilicates. Interestingly, the clay used as raw material for these Neolithic pots contains green, not brown, hornblende. No neighbouring sands (which could be added as a temper) contain such brown crystals. Therefore, the existence of the brown hornblende can be explained by in situ formation at the expens...

The activities carried out in the georeactor area during and after the completion of the process of extracting fuels based on underground coal gasification have a significant role in minimizing the environmental impact of the technology. Selecting the optimum, most effective method of removing contaminants from the underground coal gasification process should help to increase the safety of the process. The article deals with the idea of filling a post-processing cavern. The method involving geotechnics used to fil...

Sustainable development requires a multidimensional approach which takes into account at least three dimensions: economic, social and environmental. The defining characteristics of sustainable agriculture are: increased productivity; economic profitability; food safety and environmental protection. Through this work we try to analyze the influence of predominantly agricultural indicators on sustainable production and consumption in Romania. The study was made based on the statistical data available online, at Temp...

Historically, the local administrations in Romania have not had a tradition of allocating significant amount of funds to environmental protection. The allocations, however, increased after the accession of the country in the European Union. While up to 2010, the environmental protection expenditures were included in the local development and social housing budget chapter, as of 2011 the local budgets received a dedicated budgetary section. The impact of these expenditures has not been assessed comprehensively espe...

As a result of the massive industrialization, the eastern area of the Jiu Valley presents a significant degradation on the environment factors especially on the soil and water. The influence of mining activities on the environment begins with the prospecting and mining activity of the mining deposits and increases with the development of the productive activities. In the Eastern part of the Jiu Valley there are two active mining fields of a total of seven. The choice of the sites for the mining perimeters and the ...

The main purpose of the paper is to analyze and assess the past and prospective development of renewables in Poland in current market and under legal, social and economic conditions. To achieve this goal in the first part of the research the structure and changes in Polish energy balance are analyzed in long-term perspective including the years 1965-2015. In the second part of research the relations between particular energy resources are examined and described in the context of present environmental situation in ...

The production of electricity and heat is inextricably linked to the emission of gases, dust and other substances harmful to the environment. The size of this issue depends on many factors. The most important ones are: the type of fuel used in the production of energy, the type and age of generating installations, the technology used and the type and effectiveness of purification systems. The basic problem of power industry is the need to generate the right amount of energy needed for economic development, while a...

The risk assessment of buildings in mining areas is being related to the adoption of appropriate measurement methods. These facilities should be properly analysed for the threat to mining activities. The surveys having conducted on the area subjected to continuous deformation caused by underground mining, allow to determine the impact of this exploitation on the buildings located on the soil surface. Surveys are often the only source of information on the impact of exploitation on local infrastructure. Surveys met...

Urbanization is a global process most widely spread in the second half of the 20th century. In 2009, the urban population was equal to the size of the rural population and its importance is growing now. City conditions are so specific that at present some scientists note the excistance of processes that form a new adaptive type of man at the phenotypic level пїЅ urban type in addition to already existing high-mountainous, arctic, temperate latitudes and tropical types. The main groups of factors that affect the st...

Digestate is a liquid residue from anaerobic digestion in biogas plant. Digestate contains a high proportion of mineral nitrogen and other macroelements and microelements necessary to plant growth. Recycling of nutrients contained in digestate back to the soil is considered as the most suitable utilization of digestate. The digestate used in experiment was taken from agriculture biogas plant which uses pig manure and corn silage as input raw materials. This paper presents the results of laboratory pot experiment i...

The physical properties of salt make excellent conditions to overcome chemical and physical nature of hydrogen. Hence, hydrogen storage in salt caverns is one of the industrial methods except for depleted oil/ gas fields. The hydrogen has the smallest atomic radius in whole periodic table. It can attract the electrons of other atoms very easily which makes it reactive. A good sealing of pipes is a very important issue in underground hydrogen storage in salt domes. The cementing slurry should be pumpable and compat...

The most important problems with a negative impact for Romanian coast, the erosion phenomen, are given by the numerous conflicts between the development of various economic activities and it is necessary to implement a system for preventing the further deterioration of shoreline. Coastal protection systems can be represented by linear structures perpendicular to the shore, called groynes. The groynes trapping sand on the upstream side and in this way, protect the coast behind the sand filet. The protection depends...

The Volga-Ural oil and gas province is one of the oldest oil-producing regions in Russia. The central position in its borders is occupied by Tatarstan, in the territory of which is explored the largest oil deposits of the region. Oil deposits belong to the Devonian sediments, and in a lesser degree to the Carboniferous and Permian deposits. Despite the high degree of research of the region, the origin of oil deposits still one of the most controversial issues. Most researchers consider that the source of oil is th...

Studies by and X-ray microanalysis and the magnetic methods showed the distribution of impurity elements over the scan area. There were identified phases containing copper, nickel and copper, nickel and cobalt and also the inclusions with a high content of copper and nickel. The concentration of individual elements was varied from sample to sample. There are areas highly enriched by iron and sulfur. The presence of native elements indicates a change of a temperature mode of processes of ore formation. The position...

Mastitis affects not only the health of milk-producing animals, having a direct consequence on the farm profitability, but it also affects the animalsпїЅ well-being. After performing the microbiologic examination of the milk samples coming from cows diagnosed with sub-clinical mastitis, were isolated 9 different species, out of which 7 species of bacteria and 2 species of fungi. The predominant species were those of staphylococci, Staphylococcus intermedius being isolated in 45,45% of the samples. The second speci...

This work presents the results of the study of the different content (0-7 wt.% in increment of 1 wt%) effect of bentonite microparticles on the mechanical and barrier properties of gelatin/potato starch/glycerol (90/10/30 wt.%) edible biocomposite films. The biocomposite films are prepared by casting method from film-forming water solution and characterized by thickness, moisture content, transparency, mechanical test at puncturing, water barrier properties and water solubility. Increasing the concentration of ben...

Extra-heavy oil is considered as one of alternative energy sources mainly because of reserve potentials, rich in organic compounds and rare transition metals like V and Ni. Extraction from this hydrocarbon resource has always been a challenge due to high oil viscosity and as a result low mobility within porous media. Conventionally the production from extra-heavy oil reservoirs is achieved by thermal methods such as SAGD, CSS, Insitu combustion, etc. However, these techniques do not consider the post productionsпї...

The problems of environmental protection and ensuring of the necessary level of environmental safety are relevant in a globalized world. In this regard, an achievement of balance between ecology and economy, the formation of "green" economy are a global trend. Sustainable business development, increase its competitiveness and value company growth, in turn, are inextricably linked with the intensity of the environmental activities of the enterprise. The article is devoted to the under-investigated problem the creat...

The aim of this paper is to provide new opportunities in geotourism development in пїЅtiavnica mountains area via the new evolving application for tablets and smartphones called пїЅLike meпїЅcreated by the artist Judith Hofland. It is a location based game which leads the user especially through the non familiar trails within the city or town. The proposal is to applicate this videotour not just in urban areas but also in geotouristic localities. Thanks to this interactive videotour tourists could not just explore...

Preservation and liquidation of selected mines is a serious problem of mineral resources sector. It is acknowledged that пїЅdisturbedпїЅ lands lose their value due to such activity, and land reclamation appears to be the most efficient solution for this problem. Not all the sites of mines are subject to unconditional liquidation given the academic and historic-cultural potential what allows considering these territories in a different capacity. The practice of industrial space revitalization by museumification and...

This work is aimed at studying of the kinetics of the cellulose hydrolytic hydrogenation process. In the course of the study, the methodology of the process in a high-pressure reactor under subcritical water conditions in the presence of the optimal synthesised catalyst, 3% Ru based on hypercrosslinked polystyrene MN 270 (Purolite Ltd, UK) (3% Ru/MN 270) was developed. The optimal parameters of the cellulose hydrolytic hydrogenation process were selected: the temperature пїЅ 205 пїЅC, the hydrogen partial pressure...

The correlation between the spatial variability of basic soil chemical properties (soil pH-value, content of available phosphorus and potassium) and winter wheat yield was studied. The mentioned parameters were observed on the one 11-hectare field located in north-eastern part of Slovak Republic. The field was divided on the grid 50x50 metres for soil sampling. Totally were sampled 37 soil samples. The soil samples were analysed for pH value and contents of available phosphorus and potassium. Next the basic statis...

The sediments of the of the Middle Franconian stage of the Upper Devonian along the cut contain the maximum amount of dispersed organic matter. This rock complex is the main oil producing stratum for most oil and gas fields on the territory of the Volga-Ural basin. The Semiluks horizon is represented by three types of sections: typical of Dominic and transitional ones. In Sargaevian sedimentation occurred under conditions of a shallow, epicontinental, open sea with normal salinity of water. The parameters of kerog...

Shut-off valve is an important element concerning operation of the main oil pipeline. It has a major role in technical process and elimination of emergency situations. There is a necessity to raise the level of work efficiency of shut-off valve with the purpose of increasing pipeline serviceability. As a rule, electrical drive is used for operation of shut-off valve in oil transportation. According to this we have an urgent problem of electrical drive breakage caused by electric power supply interruption. It is a ...

The paper concerns the pores systems characterization of the Miocene mudstone samples provided by mercury injection capillary pressure (MICP) method. This analysis is the progressive intrusion of mercury into a porous structure under stringently controlled pressure. Since mercury does not wet most substances and does not spontaneously penetrate pores by capillary action, it must be forced into the pores by the application of external pressure. The required equilibrated pressure is inversely proportional to the siz...

Podhale (S Poland) is one of the most promising regions in the country in terms of its geothermal resource potential. The use of geothermal waters for heating purposes commenced there in the beginning of the 1990s. The Podhale region provides excellent conditions for the use of geothermal energy, such as a well-developed infrastructure for the heating industry, recreation, balneotherapy and other applications. The assessment of the geothermal potential should always take an accurate identification of the geologica...

This study aimed to assess the potential of renewable energy resources in Romania and the potential of distorting the energy resources consumption. In this respect, the authors compared the status of Romania with the status of two other countries, Estonia and Croatia, selected as their development of resource use productivity compared with the GDP expressed in euros, with 2010 as the reference year, is the closest to the growth Romania saw in 2000-2015. By considering, as measures, the average GDP in constant pric...

The EUпїЅs concentration limit for discharge from wastewater treatment plants is 1 or 2 mg P/dm3 for total phosphorus, signifying a P removal of 80% or more, in order to protect the environment, in sensitive areas which are subject to eutrophication. A membrane bioreactor (MBR) can bused for wastewater treatment, transforming it into reusable water when a tertiary treatment such as nanofiltration (NF) is applied. This step produces a concentrated waste stream. Membrane bioreactors (MBR) permeates are a potentially...

In the 20th century, giant reserves of natural gas were discovered, intensive construction of main gas pipelines began, and effective technologies for liquefying and transporting natural gas in a reduced state appeared. This led to the fact that in the first decade of the 21st century the share of natural gas in the world energy balance increased significantly. The developed and well-established transportation system and modern fuel and energy equipment allow the delivery of natural gas to almost any place on the ...

With clastic sedimentary rocks associated deposits of ore, oil-and-gas, coal and non-metallic minerals. They are located in a variety of different age strata structural-tectonic stages. Sedimentary rocks composing these fields are often framework rocks or minerals themselves are economic minerals. Depending on the age and affinity to specific structural and tectonic tier breeds are in various stages of the penecontemporaneous transformation. By the degree of transformation of organic matter in the clastic rocks ca...

The article presents the genesis of safety assessment of LNG tankers, along with safety criteria. The utilitarian need to carry out simulation research risk assessment in respect of a LNG carrier manoeuvring in restricted areas has been justified . As a standard vessel an oil tanker has been assumed meeting the authorisation requirements of the the selected LNG terminal. The shipпїЅs operational conditions have been identified and correlated with the manoeuvres in the terminalпїЅs area. The mathematical models of ...

The primary methods of oil exploitation using only the reservoir energy. This energy allow recovery a small part of oil in place. It is estimated that only 25-35% of the oil in place can be exploited from the reservoir using the primary methods. As a result, there is a large amount of oil left in the reservoir, which canпїЅt be exploited by conventional methods. Only the implementation of supporting methods, so-called secondary and third methods (EOR methods-Enhanced Oil Recovery), which use oil displacement with ...

The adsorption excretion of Hg, As, and Cu ions from aqueous solutions at 22пїЅ0.5пїЅC on zeolite (Sokirnitskoe deposit, Transcarpathia) and smectite clay (Kamalinskoye deposit, Krasnoyarsk region) were studied. The adsorption processes were studied in the static regime at pH?2. Parameters such as, the time of equilibrium establishment, the ratio "sorbent - solution" were selected experimentally. All samples were filtered through a 0.2 ?m membrane using syringes. The samples for Hg were selected strictly in teflon...

Purpose of the article: The present paper is part of a wider study undertaken by the author on aspects of CSR in modern companies, e.g. Hys [9], [10] reports a study of employee practices. The aim of this article is to review and analyze the activities undertaken by enterprises in Poland in the frame of corporate social responsibility (CSR), with a special focus on the environment. Research background: The CSR concept is a challenge for modern companies. Policy makers take action to identify operational factors wh...

Experience shows that last year marked by economic sector tourism is the fastest growing because it provides more than 6% of global and 13% of consumer spending. The tourism industry relies on tourism's role in economic, psychological, social created. For many regions, countries, tourism is seen as a panacea for economic recovery and raising incomes of local communities, firms. In this context, an imbalance between profit / responsibility / environmental sensitivity, which can lead to an offensive of governments a...

One of the problems of Russian enterprises that independently control the oil pollution of circulating water and wastewater is the availability of appropriate analyzers. However, they should not burden the budget of an average enterprise. Two types of analyzers are considered in work: IR analyzers and fluorescent analyzers. The studies were carried out on standard samples. It is shown that for IR analyzers the deviation of the obtained results from the calculated value does not exceed 3% of the relative. The obtai...

Up to date the high content of toxic and corrosive compounds in petroleum gas is one of the main problems. Hydrogen sulfide, a gray carbon monoxide, carbon disulphide, mercaptans; sulfides and disulfides in gas condensates are the most often appeared among the sulfur-containing impurities. This problem can be solved by creation new technological methods for preparation of oil-dissolved gas or development existing ones. Hydrogen sulfide has a high corrosion activity, and the existence of water in the gas increases ...