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Comparison of mining risks component was carried out on example of Ukrainian BIF deposits. The study object was one of deposits within Kryvyi Rih region which is exploited for iron concentrate and pellets production. We analyzed main geological, mining and business risks in international and national practices of risk assessment. It was defined that main components of international risk assessment of iron ore deposits is a risk associated with productivity, price and currency factors. For domestic deposits positiv...

Carbonate reservoirs are important exploration targets from the perspective of hydrocarbon and, also, groundwater reserves. In this respect, the most important aquifer system in Romania is located in South Dobrogea region, comprising two distinct aquifer complexes: a deeper one, mostly under pressure, hosted in fractured/fissured and karstified limestones and dolomites of Late Jurassic - Early Cretaceous age and a shallower one, mostly unconfined, hosted in Sarmatian (late Middle Miocene) lumachellic and oolitic l...

The study area is located in the northern and western parts of Moldavian Platform, the oldest platform unit of the Romanian territory and representing the margin of the East European Platform. Two hydrocarbon systems are recognized in the Moldavian Platform: a thermogenic system of Paleozoic age and a biogenic system of Miocene age. The Miocene biogenic system comprises significant natural gas fields (including dry gas with more than 98% methane), reservoired especially in Sarmatian (late Middle Miocene) deposits,...

In the East Carpathians Bend region (Romania), a salt formation was deposited during the lowermost Miocene (Aquitanian-Burdigalian). Subsequently, the salt reached present-day structural positions by diapiric piercing of the overlying sedimentary deposits. As a result, a multitude of isolated ? although quite large - outcrops of salt diapirs are encountered nowadays. In this complex geological setting, a great number of salt karst phenomena occur, generating dolines, sinkholes and salt caves. The surface topograph...

In the implementation of the characterization, i.e. the determination of the relevant mechanical and physical characteristics of the municipal waste landfill, it is necessary to define the optimal scope of the investigative works. The criterion of an optimum is determined by the minimum volume of planned actions with maximizing their performance. Generally, exploratory drillings give the so-called dotted data, with a regularly questionable quality of undisturbed and even disturbed samples. At the same time, they a...

Land contamination generated by non-metallic mining activities through inappropriate handling and storage of industrial wastes and mine waters that pass through these sites. The contaminated land is not just the surface of the soil but also the underground and underground water. This contamination has the potential to damage the human factor and the environment. For qualitative quantification of the activity carried out in the Brad mining perimeter, we carried out an assessment of the impact of pollutant emissions...

In order to preserve its competitiveness and retain the current number of work places in the European steel industry as well as to meet stricter emission standards, the implementation of industrial symbiosis activities is an unavoidable measure. The objective of this paper is to identify the best industrial symbiosis enabling practices done in the steel industry worldwide. For this purpose, a review of successful industrial symbiosis case studies in the steel industry was performed. For the sake of comparability, ...

Globalization phenomena is spreading more and more around the world. This has a major impact on food safety as food chains have become increasingly complex. This paper studies the benefits and drawback from a globalization standpoint regarding food safety in the developing countries and aims to find ways that might overcome the challenges consumers deal with. The research is based on data extracted from European Union reports, Eurostat Database, International Trade Centre Database and Romanian National Institute o...

In the world community, some experience has already been gained in the development of the "green economy". The Baltic States are in search of rational forms of combining objective indicators and criteria for applying them in the planned plans for the development of a "green" economy, taking into account the specifics of the economy and the availability of the resource-resource potential of the Baltic region countries. The sectors of the green economy that have a high green potential and play a major role in divers...

Nowadays there is increased emphasis on reviving the rural areas and the small businesses are considered to be the engine. This study examines how the rural areas entrepreneurship spirit can be stimulated through increasing awareness in regards to the environmental impact of green activities. The aim is to find ways of converting the rural traditional economy into a sustainable one by creating different types of initiatives for the population such as organic farming, renewal energy alternatives, eco-tourism and re...

This work aimed to define when high ice content in permafrost sediments becomes a leading factor of coastal dynamics of Kara Sea region and to determine the place of this parameter among other factors of coastal retreat. For three key sections of the Kara Sea coast (Kharasavey Cape, sites of underwater pipeline crossing of the Baydaratskaya Bay coasts), spatial variability of ground ice distribution was investigated in the field. Changes in ice content and the presence of massive ice (wedge ice, massive ice beds ?...

Countries on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea ? Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland ? experienced significant changes in the political and economic structure during the 20th/21th centuries. The aim of the research, first of all, is to assess the competitiveness of the Latvian economy compared with the other countries on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea and, secondly, to evaluate the activities carried out in 2009-2016 in order to increase the competitiveness of the national economy. The Global Competitiven...

Poland has been long harnessing hydraulic energy despite the absence of supportive conditions for hydropower development. According to the Energy Regulatory Office, there were 721 hydropower plants in Poland in 2014. Electric power generation in small and medium-sized hydropower plants is characterized by minor fluctuations, in particular in comparison with other sources of renewable energy. In a given period, the observed changes in power output result mainly from variations in operating conditions. Hydropower re...

Hungary, like other eastern European countries, has suffered from an energy deficit for the past several years. Energy consumption exceeds energy production, and the country remains dependent on mostly imported fossil fuels such as oil and gas. Renewable energy usage is mostly limited to hydro and solar power generation. Government, industry and academia have paid relatively little attention to geothermal energy as a source of heat and power generation. This study aims to identify and examine the feasibility of ha...

The rich mining activity in the city of Ostrava (18th century ? July 1991) has so far reminded many areas, buildings, and head frames. This article will focus on mining sites the headframes of which have survived up to the recent time, thus completing the historical and industrial history of Ostrava. This is then used in tourism, where the mining tradition is one of the possibilities of promoting the city as an interesting industrial site. It is no accident that the Lower V?tkovice Area with the Hlubina Mine Area ...

Renewable sources of energy are supported in all the EU countries including Czech Republic. The landscape potencial of Central Europe enables generally the exploitation of wind energy rather than other sources. One of the most important problems is the location of the energetic power stations as the landscape in the Czech Republic is densely inhabitated and used for complex functions including agriculture, industry, communications, ecological functions etc. That is why the construction of any "wind mill" requires ...

The study of heavy metals (HMs) in plants increases in importance with years because of the enhancing anthropogenic impact. HMs arriving in plants from the soil and air are capable of accumulating in plant tissues in large amounts and passing along the trophic chain into animal and human organisms. Enterprises of energetic, metallurgical, and ore-mining industries are sources of environmental contamination with HMs. For example, the Novocherkassk energetic enterprise releases 1% of total pollutants into the atmosp...

Pontus Euxinus, the Black Sea today, was since ancient time playground of human activities, of which the most important is the trading navigation, whose beginning coincides with the Greek colonization started in the 7th century BC. The colonies and settlements founded along the coast were connected in ancient time mainly by nautical trade routes running along the shores. The case study area is located in the shallow waters of the Black Sea, in front of the sandbank system that today separates the Razelm-Sinoie lac...

Commercial field development of high-viscosity oil and natural bitumen presents a global issue nowadays due to increase in hydrocarbon consumption, changes in structure of oil reserves with the increasing dominance of heavy and extra-heavy crudes, and development of innovative technologies of production and processing of natural bitumen. The estimated probable bitumen reserves are 790-1000 billion tons, much greater than reserves of light and medium viscosity oil. Bitumen processing technologies include production...

The paper deals with actual testing of available hiking and sports mobile applications for their use in the terrain. Testing was carried out in individual steps, starting with the analysis of existing hiking and sports mobile applications and the selection of suitable mobile applications for the field research.The contribution also includes the overview of the most downloaded iOS and Android free hiking and sports mobile applications in category Health and Fitness in Slovakia. Hiking and sports mobile applications...

The history of the welded steel structures in Romania and in the world is the starting point for the construction of mega-steel structures for nowadays. In order to understand the way of the welded steel structures is achieved, we need to know the history of the welded steel structures in each country and especially in our country. The paper will present the history of the welded steel structures in Romania from viaducts, steel bridges or even mega steel structures from the early 1900s. Also, the paper will presen...

In every technology as well as in Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD), there are design challenges. Compliance with the requirements forces the application of modern solutions in the mentioned technology. One such solution is the Intersect Drilling method. The Intersect Drilling technology makes it possible to create a hole for Horizontal Directional Drilling of shallow layers and a longer length compared to conventional methods. The decision on whether the Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) project should be...

Environmental parameters can be seen as underlying forces of land-use change. Their physical expression in land use-change depends on many factors such as landscape heterogeneity, land-use intensity and socio-economic variables. This paper focuses on the role of four particular environmental parameters ? aspect, elevation, slope and soil-trophy ? within three separate study areas in cultural landscape of Trkmanka watershed. The research was based on combination of spatial analysis and advanced multivariate statist...

The development and implementation of new technologies can generate many effects for the economy, the quality of environment and human life. For that reason, when a decision about using new or developing already functioning technologies is made, the Sustainability Assessment of the Technology (SAT) should be carried out. The methodology of assessing social impacts is worst developed compared with assessment of economic and environmental impacts, so there is still need to find appropriate indicators and methods for...

At present there is an intensive growth of rivers? water use, which results in deterioration of water quality and hydrological regime. Small rivers are regulators of water regime of landscapes, maintain equilibrium and redistribution of moisture, as well as determine the hydrological and hydrochemical specificity of medium and large rivers. Drying, silting and disappearing of small rivers are the result of anthropogenic activity and climate change. Monitoring researches of surface water quality of small rivers is ...

This work is devoted to the investigation of the possibility of use of Ru-containing catalysts including bimetallic (Ru-Fe) magnetically separable one on the basis of polymeric matrix of hypercrosslinked polystyrene in hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) to gamma-valerolactone (GVL), which is a semi-product for obtaining of liquid fuel components. Synthesized catalysts were shown to be promising for further study in LA hydrogenation. 3%-Ru/MN270 was shown to allow achieving about 37% GVL yield for 2 h of reaction...

In the conditions of the deterioration of the structure of reserves of conditioned oil, development of non-traditional sources of hydrocarbon raw materials is becoming one of the promising directions of increasing the resource base of hydrocarbons. The work is devoted to the identification of changes in the chemical structure and composition of super-viscous oil as a result of steam-heat treatment in the presence of mineral compounds of carbonate reservoir rocks at temperatures of 250-300В°C and pressures up to 1....

Ice gouging is destructive mechanical impact of ice on the underlying ground surface associated with ice cover dynamics, ice hummocking (ridging) and formation of grounded hummocks (stamukhas) under the influence of hydrometeorological factors and coastal topography. Climate change and anthropogenic influence can cause changes in conditions of ice scour formation. Shallow freezing seas and big lakes are most vulnerable to such changes. Studying of the ice scours? parameters has a great economic and fundamental imp...

Cernush? map case is located between Mitrovica and Vushtrri (Kosovo). The southwestern part belongs to the northwestern edge of the Kosovo Basin, whereas the remainder of the map-case is characterized with hill-type reliefs. Part of the mountainous relief are the peaks of Stremenica (1064m), ?uka (1036m), and Cernusha (1009m). Cernusha map-case is subject to average continental climate, hot summers and cold winters. In the Cernusha map-case, quaternary deposits hold around 15% of the surface and are made of Holoce...

Modern ideas about the formation of hydrocarbon deposits are based on the results of experimental and theoretical studies of the lithosphere dynamics. They are based on the established facts of the "instability of fluid systems in the sedimentary cover and foundation, as well as the migration of fluids through the permeable zones resulting from the varying stresses in the earth's crust". It follows that the geological environment is non equilibrium. Forces of external influence and thermodynamic conditions inside ...

Coastal areas around the world are constantly subjected to pressure on human activities. The environment suffers transformations from the anthropogenic activities, transformations that most often have the effect the degradation of the environmental factors. Coastal areas are often described as areas of potential conflict between the stakeholders and mechanisms such as integrated the coastal zone management or, more specifically, marine spatial planning are designed to achieve the sustainable management in this are...

Open-pit mining exploitation of useful mineral deposits involves occupancy and affectation of large areas of land, with negative effects on medium and long term. Although the impact of mining operations can not be avoided during the exploitation, it can be reduced and, after the cessation of the mining activities, it can be offset. The impact of open-pit mining exploitation occurs primarily on the land by radically changes on the morphology and geomorphology of the land, by modification of the geotechnical charact...

The construction of small hydro power plants is a solution for obtaining cheap electric energy, but it also has a negligible impact on the environment. What raises serious problems is the location of some of these micro-hydropower plants, including the Buda and Capra brooks, as well as their way of execution. Valea Argesului area on the upper course, is recognized for its biodiversity and landscape heritage value. Changes to vegetation through abusive deforestation, biodiversity reduction by habitat segmentation a...

Bread products industry is one of the main branches of food industry. Taking into account the final products and their great diversity, they are divided from the scientific point of view in three categories such as: bread and bread products, pastry and specialty products (biscuits, donuts etc.), these constituting products categories that are consumed daily in quantities that depend on the consumption preferences of the population. In Romania, are consumed as a medium value 95 kg of bread per consumer per year, co...

The services provided by ecosystems play a vital role in human well-being. As they are indispensable for maintaining development as well as for future economic and social growth of the society. Many analytic-deliberative techniques have been suggested as a promising approach to ecosystem services valuation but still they are in many countries on an experimental stage. The aim of this study is an impact assessment on ecosystem services, which is being carried out on the Myjava River basin where we address the probl...

Climate change is one of the most important issues of the 21st century. Climate change affects states ecological, economic and social aspects of sustainable development. Consequences of the climate change also depends on geographical location of countries. In this respect, the most characteristic feature of Kazakhstan is its intra-continental location in the western part of Central Asia. According to scenarios of climatologists, absence of tangible changes in amount of precipitation as well as increase in average ...

Pyrometallurgy being a field of metallurgy where metals are produced using high temperatures a focus on slag quality to improve the recovery of the targeted metal. Amongst different properties required of the slag is its composition. Different sources of heat and reductants are used. Coal has been used either as a source of heat or a reductant. Depending on the place of origin of coal, its composition varies thus having an impact on the quality of slag produced, therefore on the metal. In the present paper, a comp...

The studied area Central Spi? is located in Rud?any - Gelnica area, which is according to environmental regionalization included in the environmentally loaded and unhealthy areas in Slovakia. As a result of long and intensive mining and processing of minerals, the area is polluted with heavy metals and the landscape was altered by extensive anthropogenic forms. In the context of mining activity, surface water acts as a transport medium of pollution, thus expanding the area of the impact of old mining activities on...

We analyze the impact of tectonics on the geomorphology of the rivers valleys, in Albania. Interaction of several factors, predominantly tectonic ones, has played a major role in this respect. Tectonic, climatic and erosional factors have affected the formation of several levels of Quaternary terraces, during the Pliocene-Quaternary period, of the latest Alpine folding phase. Nine levels of terraces are evidenced so far, some of which dated based on radiocarbon 14C and cosmogenic 10Be methods. Active tectonics is ...

The relevance of the study is due to the growing environmental problems faced by modern society and the need for their urgent resolution. The decline in production did not lead to a reduction in the negative anthropogenic impact on the environment, since in an unstable environment many enterprises save on environmental measures. According to most experts, the limits of economic growth are not so much related to the limited resources as are due to the inability of the environment to independently process waste of h...

Throughout a life cycle of a hydrocarbon reservoir, investments and specific approaches are made correlated with its stages and with the asset management?s goals to maximize its value. When the field reaches the maturity stage, the exploitation strategy focuses on reducing the production decline profile and improving the recovery factor. These activities, typically consist of determining the remaining hydrocarbon in place, identifying the bypassed hydrocarbons, identifying the recompletion opportunities, all attac...

Multifunctional motor vehicles are equipped with one or more working mechanisms actuated by hydrostatic drive systems, which consume most of the power installed on such vehicles in which the primary mechanical energy is generated by an internal combustion engine, usually Diesel engine. Given the large number of daily running hours, (of multifunctional motor vehicles) the energy consumed by working mechanisms becomes important, the same goes for the expenses, and therefore it is required to be used with maximum eff...

The purpose of the article was to draw attention to various aspects of sustainable development of the construction and durability of building materials. A special emphasis was put to concrete, which is one of the most used building materials in the present. Elaborated was not only the issue of emissions released by the production of components necessary for fabrication of concrete mixtures, but also a number of environmental, economic and social advantages the use of concrete offers. At the same time, attention wa...

There are plenty of facilities, machinery and equipment, either stationary or mobile, which require hydraulic operating power, generated by low-flow pumping systems at high pressures. Such systems can be met in stationary applications, in which energy efficiency is important, while the pulsating nature of flow does not disturb, and also in dynamic applications, in which both energy efficiency and flow rate regularity are important. The first category of applications includes: static pressure tests on deepwater dri...

The obvious solution of the problem is to provide rhenium production in Russia. Natural environment is an advantage of the Russian Federation in this field. However, metal introduction to the world market can cause losing national jurisdiction control as its main consumer is the USA industry. Therefore, formation of the Russian national reserves has to be the main objective of the rhenium production system. Considering dynamics of its consumption, demand and prices will grow eventually. Rhenium accumulation for fu...

The efficient use of cogeneration systems depends on both the heat demand variations and on the restrictions imposed by the related legislation. In this paper, in order to optimize the operating regimes of a Combined Heat and Power Plant, authors have determined the correlation between functioning modes of the plants? equipment and the possible solutions to satisfy with precision the consumers? heat demand. Often, optimizing only the operating regimes can be non-profitable, especially for the case of modern and pe...

The continuous increase emissions of greenhouse gas and the necessity to feel energetic security have caused the whole world increase the use of energy sources that are not based on crude oil and hard coal. Alternative to obtaining energy from fossil fuels is the production of biogas. One of the most commonly used raw materials for biogas production are maize silage. Therefore corn silage makes up 35-40% of the total cost of biogas production, which means that their use for biogas production does not bring big ben...

The article describes the trajectory of the society's transition to sustainable development as a basis for environmental and economic security. The authors analyze the experience in the development and use of indicators of sustainable development, which are necessary not only for assessing the effectiveness and efficiency of scientific and technological progress and the development of economic systems, but also for forecasting and managing the transition to sustainable development. The systems of sustainable devel...

Environmentally oriented production is one of the major concerns of companies in the global competition. Clean technologies, green procurement and suppliers and distributors' chains of healthy products are processes and activities that are a consequence of the adoption of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) strategies, which are geared towards sustainable development. This article analyzes the link between the environmentally oriented production regarding responsibility practices in bakery companies and its effe...

Due to the great interest in unconventional deposits, the aim of the current study has become identifying the target zones that the hydraulic fracturing treatment becomes the most efficient. The success of hydraulic fracturing depends on many factors. One of them is determining if the assumed fracture geometry is the same as created in hydraulic fracturing treatment as well as the appropriate selection sectors to be fractured. A great influence on fracture propagation and geometry predictions have rock elastic par...