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The paper reveals the distinctive features of the change in the composition of natural bitumen - asphaltite from from the sandstones of the Permian sediments of the Spiridonovsky field in the territory of Tatarstan, in model experiments at a temperature of 250 пїЅC, characteristic for steam-thermal impact on the formation, and the pressure in the system of not more than 2 MPa. The choice of low pressure is due to the fact that bituminous rocks in the Permian sediments occur at relatively shallow depths in the near...

The rivers of the Northern part of European territory of Russia (ETR) contain large amounts of organic matter. This is due to natural features of the area (short cool summer, high wetlands, large areas of forests and features of soil formation), and to specificity of the anthropogenic impact. One of the largest rivers of the Northern ETR is the Northern Dvina River, flowing into the Dvina Bay of the White Sea. A general study of the organic carbon content in the bottom sediment of the Northern Dvina River mouth ar...

When conducting studies related to the study of the radon hazard of premises and territories, conducting radon monitoring measurements with the aim of predicting mountain impacts and earthquakes, studying the emanation characteristics of rocks and a number of other problems, it has been shown that in some cases the materials of the connecting elements used in measuring structures On the results. In this connection, experimental studies were carried out aimed at studying the sorption abilities of the material of th...

Total (specular+diffusive) reflection of nanostructured Si layers prepared by metal assisted chemical etching (MACE) of crystalline silicon (c-Si) wafers is investigated. The thickness of nanostructured Si layers is varied from 0.3 to 100 ?m by increasing the MACE time. The time dependence of silicon nanostructured layers thickness on the etching time was found to be logarithmic. Spectra of the total reflection were measured in optical range from 0.2 to 2 ?m. Depending on the thickness of sample, it was observed a...

The contribution deals with pipe conveyors, which currently provide great environmental and economic benefits. Construction of the pipe conveyor is developed from standard belt conveyors with one major distinction, which is forming of the conveyor belt into the pipe. Wrapping the belt into the pipe form prevent leakage of material under the conveyor path and contamination of the surroundings. Among the main advantages belongs, in addition to the environmental impact, the option to transport material in both belt s...

Development of Fibre Engineered Cementitious Materials with Self-Healing Capacity (SH-FECM) was an important goal of the recent research programmes conducted in NIRD пїЅURBAN-INCERCпїЅ Cluj-Napoca Branch. Several theoretical and experimental studies were performed in order to improve the composites, considering both, fresh and hardened state properties and also the performance as filling material of the narrow spaces at the beam to column interface within the Hybrid spatial joint model [1]. Present studies are foc...

The research-development activity has not been quite adequately financed in Romania over the last few years. Annual financing programs and multiannual programs were issued (NPRDI I пїЅ [National Plan for Research, Development and Innovation]), and, as of 2007, together with RomaniaпїЅs adherence to the European Union, an effort was made to align the financing programs of this activity to the UnionпїЅs programs. Thus, beginning with the Seventh Framework Program (FP7), the National Plan for Research- Development an...

The bioactive compounds in apples and pears might confer many health protective benefits by improving oxidative stress, on the other hand in case of higher than the admitted values, Heavy metals could affect health. Apple and pears are members of the Rosaceae (Rose) family, known for their pomaceous fruits. The aim of this study was to describe the quality traits, the level of antioxidant activity and polyphenol content of some apples and pears available on the Romanian market as well as the heavy metals concentra...

Fatigue damage is determined from time signals of loading, usually in the form of stress or strain. However, there are many design scenarios when the loading, or fatigue damage process, cannot easily be defined using time signals. In these cases the design/operation engineer usually has to use a test based approach to evaluate the fatigue life of the structure or the component. Alternatively, a frequency based fatigue calculation can be used where the loading and response are represented using Power Spectral Densi...

Maps are the fundamental documents supporting the process of crisis management. It is important that the events formed on them were presented in the most credible and legible way. Legible, meaning that they should depict credible spatial information on the basis of presented spatial data. Only such formulation guarantees aid of the highest quality and organisation of actions during crisis situations. They also constitute extremely valuable content showing spatial location of the threats which have already occurred...

In particular, Sub-Sahara Africa and UgandaпїЅs energy sector is dominated by biomass, which contributes over 90% of the total expendable energy. Herein firewood and charcoal contribute more than 85%. The main use of biomass energy is cooking and or heating either as firewood or charcoal majorly by local households. There is also huge demand from commercial activities such as the production of bricks and some factories. In many areas, biomass continues to be the energy source of choice due to unavailability or una...

The north-western and western coast of the Black Sea, corresponding to Romania and Bulgaria, is subject of crustal deformations due to remote effects produced by geological processes ran at planetary (e.g. plate tectonics in the Atlantic and Eastern Mediterranean-Anatolia realms) and regional (e.g. the tectonic coupling of the Black Sea basin and Vrancea seismogenic area) scales as well as due to relatively local geological processes (e.g. subsidence of sedimentary basins, young sediments compaction, etc.). The ge...

Regarding the mining industry, the risk of an explosive atmosphere occurrence and the consequences differ from one mine to another, depending on the configuration of the mine and on the type of the coal extracted. Although preventive measures are taken, the potential risk of explosion cannot be excluded from firedamp mines, but only reduced as much as possible. Therefore, where the possibility of forming these explosive atmospheres exists, the explosion risk assessment is required by developing scenarios that cons...

Close-range photogrammetry (CRP) represents very perspective technology for many fields. It can provide results comparable to terrestrial laser scanning, and the hardware is still much cheaper. Our research group is developing low-cost CRP device based on Raspberry Pi 3 computer. Raspberry Pi 3 is a single-board computer with relatively high computing power and low price. In connection with a touchscreen, Pi Camera module v2.1 (Sony IMX219, 8Mpx) and powerbank it becomes a portable device for imagery. Continuous s...

The main purpose of the construction of flood protection measure is to protect the urban area. Flood strategy should cover the entire river basin area and promote the coordinated development and management of actions regarding water, land and related resources. Structural measures (defence structures) will remain important elements and should primarily focus on the protection of human health and safety, and valuable goods and property. Intensive rainfall and springпїЅs snow melting occurrence leads to floods almos...

Climate change also increase different natural risk possibility - erosion and floods in coastal local municipalities in Latvia are becoming increasingly more important. The most significant flood risk factor, particularly in the climate change context, are wind surges, especially coinciding with ongoing sea level raise and, even, rapid and intence, rainfall, while the nation wide spread snowmelt flood risks are less impacting the coastal municipalities. Research-and-development study analyzed coastal risk governan...

Floods are natural catastrophes which cause environmental and structural damages as also casualties. There is growing concern that flooding is becoming more frequent and severe not only in Europe but also in the whole world. This study investigates changes in trends and seasonality of annual peak-discharges for 51 mid-sized Slovakian gauging stations with the lengths of observations of 46 years. The area of selected catchments varies from 19 km2 to 295 km2. Seasonality of maximum annual peak-discharges is determin...

A major pollutant in indoor air are volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from materials and building products The indoor surface materials are considered to be studied as the principal sources of indoor air pollution. The source control is the most practical approach to improve the indoor air quality. The measure for indoor pollutionпїЅs decreasing seems to be the effective control of volatile organic compounds and indoor odors. The perceived indoor air quality in four rooms with various flooring materials wa...

Calibrations of liquid flow meters are performed with primary standards that are based on measurements of the fundamental quantities; mass and time. Flow meters calibration are accomplished by timed collection of the measured mass of water flowing through the meter under test. Static gravimetric liquid flow meters calibration method is used as primary liquid flow standards. The method is based on the principle of measuring flow rate by static weighing and consists in: determining the initial mass of the weighing t...

We analyzed the dynamics of Lake Teletskoye water level and attempted to use data on bottom sediment geochemistry in combination with Siberian larch (Larix sibirica) tree-ring width chronology to reconstruct it for late Holocene. In particular, we studied the links among the water level characteristics, precipitation amount, bottom sediment geochemistry, and tree-ring width chronology available for Russian Altai. A correlation analysis revealed the annual water level fluctuations to correlate closely with mean ann...

Renewable energy is a key factor in the sustainable development of any modern society. The development of renewable energy project must continue to be part of a competitive economy and the research and innovation of this domain should be a priority. One of the renewable energy sources (RES) that are reliable, provides predictable energy, assures the energy supply in remote areas and at the end of the power transmission lines, are small hydro power plants (SHPP). In Romania SHPP are not new, being part of the devel...

The benefit of recycling industrial by-products in the construction industry led to growing interest in exploring and potentially exploiting these by-products, in the context of sustainable development, and in creating new materials. Fly ash is a type of byproduct waste, having enjoyed considerable attention, especially from the perspective of creating and perfecting fly ash based geopolymer concrete. In Romania, over 80% of industrial waste is deposited, this being the most widely used method of waste disposal. T...

The focal mechanism and rupture directivity for intermediate-depth earthquakes occurred in the Vrancea source (Romania) are determined using FMNEAR algorithm [1]. The method is based on the waveform inversion of near-source seismic waveforms and on a linear finite source model. When the FMNEAR algorithm is started the first parameters that are determined are the moment magnitude (Mw), the double couple focal mechanism (strike, dip, rake) and the distribution of seismic moment along strike. This provides a first or...

Food security has been and continues to be a current topic given the fact that, it stands at the base of all issues related of human existence. In this respect it is necessary to analyze the idea of food security on the two levels closely correlated, meaning the qualitative level and quantitative level. Quantitative aspect aimed the insurance of food necessary to meet the physiological needs of the population from the bottom of Maslow pyramid and converging towards meeting other needs found on top of the pyramid s...

The 21st century presents us with enormous challenges related to environmental protection. This applies to both the citizens of our globe, businesses, institutions as well as regions and countries. Contemporary companies increasingly focus on sustainable development and corporate social responsibility, and report their actions contributing to improvement and protection of the environment. Metrics known as footprint family, such as ecological, carbon, water, energy, waste, land or material footprints, are gaining i...

The research presented in this article is concentrated on developing a series of instruments in order to include modular design in producing customized footwear for the elderly women. For those who live longer, it is important that they stay healthy, active and independent and, as a consequence, it reflects in the market growth of the industry producing goods for the elderly, the footwear industry as well. The loss of the ability to walk due to foot problem, not only produces physical limitations, but also has a s...

In water scarce districts of the Akmola region the areas were revealed, perspective for carrying out exploration on underground waters and the card of forecast resources of underground waters of the Akmola region of scale 1:1 000 000 is constituted. As the main methods of researches are used: decryption of satellite images using cloudless fragments of space pictures of Landsat-8 from 2013 for 2016. In case of decryption of satellite images of the Akmola region comic pictures of the territory on 6 sites are process...

Decades are mining raw materials from seabed deposits. We are talking about deposits which are on the interface of land and sea. These are placer deposits as heavy metals and gemstones, secondary deposits of limestone, phosphorus, salt and also beach deposits on the edge of the continents. In this article, the authors want to become familiar with both forecasting utilization of selected earth resources, but also want to point out new trends in obtaining them. In this article, we have a broad spectrum of earth reso...

The forest canopy cover is an important element of forest inventories and it represents the proportion of the ground covered by the vertical projection of the tree crowns. Traditional ground-based methods cannot be efficient in measuring the vertical projection of the tree crowns and in accurately making determinations of forest canopy cover percentage in stands of over a few hectares. The purpose of the current paper is to present the potential of a new approach for forest canopy cover determination that is based...

The goal of given research is to identify the tendencies of development of ecotourism in the forests on protected areas in Georgia, evaluate of government tourism policy, bring out the key problems and elaborate the solutions for them. The research was inspired by problems that are related to the illegal cuts of trees and other interruptions of rational nature management caused by low involvement of local population in the economic processes related to the forests. Ecotourism could be considered, as a most effecti...

Key element of any soil environmental monitoring is correct reference site. In such big object of monitoring as Moscow megalopolis it cannot be only one reference site but in any case their number must be very limited and each monitoring site have to be very well validated by the previous monitoring investigated data. One of the best candidate for official local reference site of soil environmental monitoring in the northern part of Moscow is the central core of the Forest Experimental Station of the Russian Timir...

After 1990, when Romania changed its political regime, many changes registered in the economic field. The new economic system had to experience the new form of transition from a Centralized to the Capitalism new one. The forestry field had been affected too, and it should adapt to the new conditions of the economic market demand. In the new economic conditions, it should adapt the offer with the demand. Taking into account the natural conditions, the tradition of wood processing and the predominance of the forest ...

Industrial history of many places still interacts with the present time. Ostrava (Czech Republic) as former industrial city is a typical example of problems and barriers which can be found in process of regeneration, revitalization or redevelopment of areas used formerly for heavy industry. The article is focused on retrospective description of development of areas which can be known as backfields or mega sites. The article will be focused on five areas for which there are expectations and likely huge potential fo...

The main goal was to define basic forms of propagation oriented at internet media and mainly for propagation oriented at social media for product entering at market. Nowadays, social media represent important marketing channel appropriate almost for every products at market. The advantage of propagation on social networks is low financing cost, what is good mainly for companies which are not so known at market. Because of that, we should consider social networks as information channel rather than means which will ...

Both complicated dissolution processes and different patterns of fossilsпїЅ distribution may be expected in carbonate hydrocarbon reservoirs. Therefore, this paper aims to precisely locate such places using few independent analytical tools. Five carbonate samples from the Permian Bro?sko Reef (Western Poland) were studied in a form of both thin sections and cylindrical core samples. The latter were subjected to Computed Microtomography (?CT) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) experiments. While the ?CT helped to...

The Fourier two-dimensional series is used for classification of surface irregularities of rock joints. The expansion coefficients of this series are employed to form an absolute indicator of waviness of joint rock surfaces. The indicator serves for classification of surface irregularity of rock joints. The method has been applied to several real rock samples and the results are presented in the form of graphs. A similar visual comparison is often performed in geotechnical practice when joint rock coefficients are...

In recent years there was a development in fractal geometry. Existing possibilities are enormous -fractal geometry was used with success in many scientific fields. One of these fields was to use fractal geometry as a tool in order to describe morphology characteristics of solid phase contained in various suspensions of miscellaneous origins. There are multiple different sources from which solid phase of suspensions can originate. Solid phase can be derived from industry (e.g. steel industry, metallurgy or mineral ...

Asphaltenes extracted from a sample of high-viscosity oils from the Ashalchinskoye deposit of the Republic of Tatarstan and the Boka de Haruko deposit of the Republic of Cuba, as well as a sample of oxidized road bitumen of the BND 50/70 grade produced by TAIF-NK of the Republic of Tatarstan. Five fractions of asphaltenes of these oils and petroleum products were obtained by stepwise extraction with an alcohol-benzene solvent with different alcohol content after precipitation of asphaltenes from oil with hot isooc...

Form-found designs are evolving structures reflecting material and structural behaviors and environmental context by utilizing prevalent winds, radiation, and temperature. The paper applies case study analysis of free-form wooden architectural envelopes designed by Renzo Piano Building Workshop, which improve the energy performance of the buildings. The use of digitally designed and manufactured structural wood can radically reduce the amount of energy consumed by materials used in building during whole life cycle...

Establishment of regular river sediment monitoring, in addition to water monitoring, is very important, as geochemical data of sediments are very significant for environmental impact assessment. First scientific investigations of sediments in Croatia started in the Krka River estuary in 1989, while first systematic research of a river basin in Croatia was performed in the Kupa River drainage basin in 2005. In 2008, Croatian water authorities (Hrvatske Vode) started a preliminary sediment monitoring program. Since ...

Transport means play an important role in extraction and processing of raw materials. Their use is economically connected with several cost items that significantly affect whole process efficiency. Generally costs associated with mining road haulage can be divided into two major categories of the variable and fixed costs. From above mentioned dividing is necessary to pay particular attention to variable costs, which are influenced by the size of individual transport activities. Among the most important items inclu...

Construction and demolition materials are generated when existing buildings are demolished. The concrete / masonry recycled aggregates can be used within trench reinstatement works. The aim of conducted experiment is to find a methodology for evaluating the effect of backfill compaction works via dynamic penetration tests (DPT). The first part of paper describes construction of testing pit located in research center AdMaS (Czech Republic). The paper continues then with the description of compaction and testing pro...

Industrial ventilation is an extremely complex area and involving deep knowledge of fluid dynamics in the modern version (CFD), three-dimensional propagation of heat, complex flow of fluids, steady state in transient conditions, operating problems, contaminants inside the industrial objective, and outside respectively. Ventilation and air-conditioning installations in industrial conditions are designed to ensure the purity of the air and the corresponding inside environment for man's activity and the nature of the...

One of the newest trends in tourism are constantly expanding offers in special forms of tourism. These offers include industrial tourism, which is in boom not only in Czech Republic, but also in Europe. Industrial tourism represents new phenomenon, which appears related with industrial heritage and can be used for purpose of tourism. The main purpose and idea of industrial tourism is to mediate customer integrated look into industrial development of the region. What is for local resident ordinary, can be for visit...

Anthocyanins are known as safe colouring materials, although they have poor stability which often limits their use. To solve this drawback, mesoporous silica with high surface area was used as an adsorbent for anthocyanins. This study proposes the enhancement of the anthocyanins photo stability by their incorporation into the pores of mesoporous silica containing various metal ions. The anthocyanins were adsorbed on the silica by pouring a highly-concentrated anthocyanins solution to the dried silica. Improved sta...

Due to the continuously growing of industrialization and businesses in this new era of globalization the interaction with society and the environment put unknown marks on both sides. Human development through industrialization, especially in the twentieth century, represents an intrusion into the overall balance that maintains the earth as a habitable place. Interaction between industry and the environment tends to become increasingly complex. Efforts improving human standard living, through the control of nature ...

In the past decades, cities have become the engines of national economic growth. Globalization has a significant effect on urban areas, forcing them to compete for international business with other cities around the world and their countries. It is estimated that by 2050, more than 80% of the worldпїЅs population will live in urban areas. In order to meet the environmental challenges posed by this changes, cities will need to reduce pollution levels and use resources more efficiently. It will need reliable tools t...

The results of Chembursky lake, Vityazevsky, Kiziltashsky and Bugazsky coastal salt lakes expeditionary research are observed, aimed to examine the allocation of methane and sulfur sulfide (total sulfide) according to the vertical cut of bottom sediments (sulfidic muds), and also the value of Eh and pH. pH and Eh values in the examined horizons of coastal salt lakes bottom sediments vary correspondingly in the limits from 7.33пїЅ8.06 and -198пїЅ-2.5 mV, in the Chembursky lake sediments пїЅ 7.47пїЅ7.64 ? -78пїЅ+46 ...

In structural engineering of various reconstructions, it is very often necessary to monitor the stress level in the structure. Measurement of strain is then used to analyse additional load effects for which the structures were not designed. Such tasks are particularly challenging in-situ, where the measuring system is exposed to extreme conditions that are vastly different compared to the laboratory setting. The proper choice of sensors is necessary in order to achieve relevant results, but the quality of the desi...

We aimed at identifying the microbial response and associated release of CO2 and CH4 in/from thawing soil that has been permanently frozen. For that we performed an in situ field-based incubation experiment in a rim of ice-wedge polygon on Samoylov island, Lena Delta, Russia (72пїЅ22пїЅN, 126пїЅ28пїЅE). Frozen "buried' organic matter were taken from eroded Lena river bank and transferred to the soil surface in a rim of ice-wedge polygon. The principle includes that formerly frozen soil is moved to the active layer...