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At the present stage of the mankind development, oil and oil products receive an increasing role. One of the indispensable in the modern world petroleum products is transport fuel. Up to 89% of the fuel contains components obtained during refining. Despite the tendency of developed countries to increase the share of cars that use diesel fuel, in Russia, most of the share is in cars that use gasoline. The benchmark indicator of commercial gasoline is the octane number - a measure of their detonation stability. The ...

In thisstudy, the influence factor of the vertical movements of the earth's crust was taken into account. Such phenomena are strongly extended in time, but have a greater influence on the hydrographic network, for example, the closest example for the North-West of the Russian Plain is the transfer of runoff from Lake Ladoga from the Vuoksa River to the Neva River. Reconstruction scenarios of flow direction changing is important to improve the safety of the population and sustainable use of territories. The most im...

A serious challenge for the construction of Sofia Metro is the shallow groundwater and the high water abundance of the hydrogeological units that are crossed by the construction route. The dewatering of the excavations for the facilities that are supported on deep foundations and the tunnels is most often associated with large and long-lasting local depressions of the water table. The joint action of the drainage systems around the metro stations and tunnel sections built simultaneously or in overlapping time inte...

A computer hydrogeomechanical 3D model of a fragment of a soil tailing dam has been developed. The model allows investigating both geo mechanical and filtration processes and also their collateral influence on a condition of soils of the bulk protecting dam and the alluvial beach of the tailing. The following options of development of a hydrogeomechanical condition of a soil dam have been considered: an initial state at the current operation parameters, increase in level of water-saturated mining deposits and the ...

The climate in Latvia is moderately warm and humid. To provide optimal groundwater heads (levels) for plant and tree growth, agricultural and forest melioration systems (AMS and FMS) have been set up in many places. Reconstruction of the FMS ?Zamelu-Tisu mezs? will be carried out. To assess the reconstruction impact, hydrogeological and hydrological conditions in and around the FMS territory were studied. To accomplish this task, specialists of Riga Technical University for the study area developed and used the lo...

In the early decades of the 21st century, the world faced with an active development of information technologies, which is accompanied by an instant change of network protocols. Nowadays it is difficult to imagine the information infrastructure of a modern company without complexes of accounting programs, decision-making support, expert systems, knowledge bases, etc. All of them need reliable and high-quality engineering support. With the growth of information needs of society, the requirements for the quality of ...

Purified natural clinoptilolite as well as clinoptilolite converted into hydrogen and sodium form have been contacted with 0.1 mol/L silver nitrate solution at a ratio solid to liquid equal to 1 to 20, in order to load silver ions (Ag+) on the zeolite support. It has been found that sodium modified clinoptilolite exchanged in highest degree Ag+ ions, followed by natural zeolite. Preliminary transformation of natural clinoptilolite into hydrogen form leads to decreasing of zeolite ability to bind Ag+ ions. The kine...

The forests of Ukraine, according to their purpose and location, mainly perform water protection, protective, sanitary and hygienic and recreational functions. The peculiarities of forests and forestry in Ukraine include: a relatively low average level of forest cover in the country; growth of forests in various natural areas (Polesie, Forest-steppe, Steppe, Ukrainian Carpathians); significant differences in forest conditions, methods of forest management, use of forest resources and useful properties of forests; ...

The study of recent crustal movements is one of the priority areas of the Earth sciences. Geodetic methods occupy a particularly important place in the general complex of measurements and investigations of crustal movements because they provide quantitative information on the condition and development of geodynamic processes. The paper outlines the newly accepted project with main goal monitoring the geodynamic processes in the area of Sofia. This goal will achieve by periodic GNSS measurements over the Sofia geod...

Currently, the issue of pollution of the Caspian Sea, which is saturated with oil industry facilities, is highly relevant. Monitoring of such objects and phenomena that pose a potential and real threat of natural and man-made emergencies, such as emergency oil spills that entail significant environmental damage, is important for Kazakhstan. The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the capabilities of SAR and optical images in the task of detecting oil spills, having tested them in the task of mapping zones wi...

The study of landslides is of particular importance because they can lead to great material damage. The region of the Bulgarian northern Black Sea coast is affected by many landslides and it is important to monitor motions of the major landslides in this area. The paper outline deformation analysis of the landslide processes in the area of ?Dalgiya yar?. It is a landslide circus from the Varna landslide region that covers several active landslides, whose boundaries are overlapping and for that reason are difficult...

By definition, the monitoring of the in situ behavior of the constructions includes the follow-up and evaluation of their technical and functional state and the interventions on them in order to remedy the behavioral deficiencies found. The knowledge of the causal and conditional laws of appearance and development of the behavioral phenomena of the constructions allowed and allows the definition of some behavioral properties. These properties can be defined qualitatively, by attributes, or quantitatively, by sizes...

The research focused on hygienic assessment of surface and underground water sources used for centralized drinking water supply to RF population over the last 20 years. Official statistic data collected on sanitary situation in RF regions by Rosstat over 2000-2019 were used as a basic source of information. A database has been created; it contains more than 165 thousand data entries on 16 parameters describing surface and underground water sources used for centralized drinking water supply to population in 85 RF r...

The paper presents a synthesis of our researches on the main physic - chemical and biological parameters of the Snagov Lake, from Ilfov County, Romania, made since 2013 until 2019. We have developed complex investigations on the most important water quality parameters of the lake, in the purpose of analyze the evolution of the water eutrophication phenomenon in time, in different sampling points, also to establish the optimal methods of control and combat of the studied pollution process. Because the eutrophicatio...

The study of the specific nature of the coastal zone requires a combination of a wide range of data from multi-beam and single-beam echosounding, LiDAR scanning, unmanned aerial vehicles, and generation of accurate high-resolution digital terrain models. In recent years, the development of seabed mapping technology has allowed for more precise mapping of the coastal zone. The complex analysis of data on relief, morphostructural units, contemporary tectonic deformations, geological and lithostratigraphical structur...

In more than ten years of research in the field of carbon capture and storage (CCS) in Romania, several regions have been highlighted for their potential to contribute to the implementation of the technology in the country. Their delimitation has been made around large industrial stationary sources where promising storage and utilization options were available, considering favorable transport routes and small transport distances. The most promising and most studied regions for Romania are Oltenia and Galati. Olten...

Human impact along with other elements of the environment has a great impact on the processes in the river basins. River meander dynamics and mobility are important indicators of environmental change related to climate changes and anthropogenic activities at local and river basin scales. This paper presents a study of spatial and temporal changes meandering Alazani (Georgia) in its middle stream and downstream. Alazani is the border of the country and the bank erosion here has the environmental and political impor...

Transport is part of our lives. We live in an accelerated time and this also affects our transport demands. We need to move from one place to another faster. People often use own cars to move faster. The individual automobile transport has advantages. I tis flexible, fast and comfortable. But the automobile transport disadvantages. Many cars cause traffic jams, have a negative impact on the environment and the public roads are load. Individual car transport competes with public transport. In our country the public...

The general theme of the paper is the study of pro-environmental behaviour (PEB) content, instruments and stakeholders in order to design PEB enhancement preconditions at the local municipal actor?s level. The research-and-development (R&D) framework approach was used applying case study research methodology, including document studies, PEB household survey, observation and main stakeholder?s interviews, seminars, what was organized in two local medium size urban/rural municipalities in Latvia - rural Salacgriva m...

Both the Blue Flag as municipal coastal and Green Flag (also Eco-Schools) as educational pro-environmental behaviour development programmes are recognized as the best practice internationally as voluntary and integrative environmental governance instruments. Both are the main objects of this comparative research-and-development study, based on case study research nationally and of best municipal practices, altogether being oriented towards necessity of municipal environmental governance further encouragement in La...

N-methyl-D-glucose amine is an amine formed by reduction of glucosylamine or glucose oxime. N-alkylated glucamines are prepared from D-glucose and relevant alkylamines. Here synthesis of N-methyl-D-glucose amine by consecutive condensation of D-glucose with methylamine in ethanol media followed by reduction over Ni containing hyper crosslinked polystyrene is reported. In typical synthesis 50 g sample of D-glucose monohydrate was added to 150 ml of ethanol (96 wt.%) and stirred under 600 rpm for 30 minutes. Suspens...

Water purification is one of the most urgent tasks for solving global problems of fresh water supply and ecology. Special attention is paid to nanoporous membranes, which can be used to purify water from most of the pollutants, such as metal ions, organic molecules, salts and microbes. The development of highly effective nanoporous membranes for water purification is an extremely urgent task. Nanofiltration membranes made from 2D nanomaterials have a huge potential in desalting and purifying to the characteristics...

The main purpose of the research is investigating approaches of nanostructural perovskite obtaining. We used wide known methods, which used for studying microstructure and electronics properties such as atom-force and scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction method. The major findings of the research are following: recent developments in the physics of high-index resonant dielectric nanostructures suggest alternative mechanisms for subwavelength light control driven by Mie resonances with strong magnetic re...

Nanoparticles, due to small size and capacity to remain in suspension, are very efficient to remediate aquifers contaminated. However, due to their small size, while nanoparticles are traveling through porous media, they can rapidly aggregate, causing their settling and deposition. These phenomena produce issues for in situ remediation, such as the loss in chemical reactivity and the unknowing about the nanoparticles distribution when they are injected in situ. Laboratory experiment has been carried out with groun...

The main purpose of the research is investigating approaches of nanostructural perovskite obtaining. We used wide known methods, which used for studying microstructure and electronics properties such as atom-force and scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction method. Halide perovskites have emerged recently as promising materials for many applications in photovoltaics and optoelectronics. Recent studies of their optical properties suggest many novel opportunities for a design of advanced nanophotonic devices...

Recently, zeolites have attracted a significant interest due to their potential use in a wide range of applications related to water treatment and environmental remediation. The chemical and thermal treatments are the most used approaches to improve the zeolites properties by enhancement of sorption properties, surface area and porosity. Chemical (2M NaCl), thermal (150 °C for 24 h) and thermo-chemical (2M NaCl, 150 °C for 24 h) activation methods for a natural clinoptilolite based zeolite originated from Romania ...

A business model consists of specific components that enable the presentation of the path and tools for creating value or its loss in the activities of enterprises. Classically, from the accounting science research point of view and in accordance with the disclosure map proposed by the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC), there are four main components of a business model: inputs (capitals), business activities, outputs and outcomes. The research subject presented in the paper is inputs, which includ...

To understand the natural causes of the ?global warming?, it?s necessary to know the temporal evolution of the warm and cold phases of some cosmic phenomena with a cyclical development that induced the general climate of our planet in the past. For historic times, the climatic effects of shorter cycles are manifested more than those of longer ones, which are less visible. Thus, the ?global warming? (in fact the ?Actual Climatic Optimum? - ACO) can be regarded as the last warm phase of the mini-glaciations cycle. T...

There is a strong interdependence between natural ecosystems and human health. The imbalances created within natural ecosystems as a result of climate change have left their mark on human habitats. Understanding the importance of the relationship between biodiversity - natural ecosystems - human health could lead to solving some of the problems planet Earth is facing at the beginning of the 21st century. Global political strategies should encompass more ideas of including natural ecosystems in the design of genera...

The objective of this paper to study the mechanical properties of natural fiber fabrics and to promote their use as a strengthening technique to reinforced concrete structures. The materials used are the natural hemp fibers and synthetic glass fibers as control material. The natural hemp fibers have been known since ancient times and remain relevant today. In fact, in civil engineering the use of composite carbon fiber material, although recent is an interesting alternative application in the field of strengthenin...

The ore extraction from Krumovo deposit, located at the northern periphery of the Manastir heights in Southeast Bulgaria started in 1906 and continued till 1986. The ore comprised Fe3O4 with admixtures of sulfides such as pyrite, pyrrhotite, marcasite and chalcopyrite. Open pits and underground workings were used. The excavations severely degraded the habitats, vegetation and waters on an area of about 3 km2. By 1986 waste rock (comprising hydrothermally altered basic magmatic rocks, such as gabbro or diorites, ma...

From the tourist point of view, National Park of ?Nemuna? mountins is one of the most interesting territories in Kosovo and beyond. It has the most diverse and preserved forest vegetation, with a range of endemic flora species and flora relics, which in scientific and tourist terms is very important and attractive. This of course complements the morphological and hydrographic characteristics, as well as important tourist motives. The mentioned natural resources of the ?Nemuna?mountains positively determine their r...

The sphere of public tourism and recreational services of the population, as one of the sustainable resource usage type, can make a significant contribution to the realization of the nature protection tasks and way of natural ecosystems sustainable functioning maintenance. Ecotourism can be one of the most effective environmental protection tools in case of proper management and planning of recreational nature management. In Iraqi Kurdistan, tourism is spontaneous and usually had the form of private trips to touri...

To date, the Late Paleozoic lepidophytes of the Orulgan range (Northern Verkhoyansk Region) were represented by the genera Angarophloios, Angarodendron, Lophiodendron, Tomiodendron. In 2014, the author, together with I.V. Budnikov, R.V. Kutygin, L.G. Peregoedov and V.I. Makoshin studied the sections of the Lower Carboniferous layer-by-layer in the upper reaches of the Sobolokh-Mayan River (the Bylykat and Nimnecheen rivers) and made new collections of fossil flora. During monographic studying the collection of fos...

The decisive factor in the process of technical inspection of the gas bottles is determined by the correct choice of the method of carrying out the inspections in order to observe with the greatest attention the possible imperfections due to the wear, which have occurred after prolonged use. Emphasis is placed on the safety conditions of the gas bottles, which contain mandatory minimum technical provisions regarding the periodic verification of the cylinders for liquefied gases or compressed under pressure. The ga...

The article describes the underground mining of compact ore bodies by inclined layer panels. (each sequentially developed bottom-up by means of inclined blind drifts). Compact ore bodies are opened by an inclined shaft equipped with a special hydraulic pipelines for delivery of fine-grained rock mass to the surface. In this case, the inclined shaft path, depending on the shape of the ore body, can pass from below the ore body, above it, or diagonally near its lateral surface. Directly from the side wall of the tru...

Fields that are in the late stages of development have low potential and opportunities to solve the accumulated technical and environmental problems due to insufficient profitability of their operation, lack of sources of financing. This fully applies to the fields of the Orenburg region, among the main problems of which should be noted: the growth of the share of hard-to-recover hydrocarbon reserves in low-permeable reservoirs, the share of high-viscosity oil; the low level of utilization of associated petroleum ...

Today, there are high demands for ecological solutions to the problems associated with all human activities, and therefore there is great pressure on surface mines to contribute to the reduction of dust and noise in the extraction of raw materials. Under this pressure, the mining company is trying to find a solution that would benefit all parties - ecologically and economically. The noise level of belt traffic in surface quarries, especially at night, exceeds 60 dB, which significantly disrupts the surrounding pop...

Currently, one of the priorities for sustainable development is human life getting better with functional foods. Non-dairy matrices are considered as promising alternative for production of foods and beverages with probiotic microbes. The development of these new products appears to be a hot area in which probiotic cereal beverages occupy a special place. The corn, buckwheat, oats, rye, wheat and barley flour was studied. Two-stage enzymatic hydrolysis of the water suspensions of the flour with amylases and protea...

Silicon carbide is a promising material for heat-loaded units due to its high strength at elevated (up to 1500 °C) temperatures and excellent thermal conductivity. Silicon carbide ceramics is widely used for structural applications, yet production of such materials belongs to extremely energy-consuming industries, thus it becomes an important task to carefully adjust ceramics compositions and methods of manufacturing. The present paper discusses the correlation between mechanical behaviour (dependent variable, cal...

One of the possible ways of transition to the eco-friendly energy is widening the use of the solar cells. It requires the enhancement of their efficiency and the reduction of the cost of manufacture. One of the most common tools for producing silicon films for the solar cells is the Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD). The present paper describes a new Particle-In-Cell code for simulation of the PECVD reactor. The goal of the research is the optimization of real PECVD reactor by means of the simulati...

Nanofibers have attracted a lot of attention for applying in the third and fourth generation of solar cells to enhance their performance. In this paper, we investigate the possibility of obtaining and using successfully high-quality nanofibers based on perovskite: polymer composites (PPCs) in perovskite solar cells. First, the advantages, challenges and development directions of employing nanofibers as active layers (ALs) in organic solar cells (OSCs) have been reported to establish the principles needed to prepar...

The purpose of the analysis is to study the conceptual models and mechanisms of the state?s oil policy in some OPEC countries and Russia. Despite the fact, that today the world is pursuing a course to reduce the energy intensity of the economy and protect the environment, economic welfare largely continues to depend on oil consumption, and the oil industry has a global nature of its functioning. This requires taking into account the mechanism of the state?s influence both on the external and internal segments of t...

P colonies (see [2]) are a well-established version of the P systems (see [3]), the computational device based on membrane computing. One branch of the research of the P-colonies focuses on the possibility to consider the two-dimensional environment, in which the agents act, and the 2D P colonies (see [1]) were introduced. 2D P colonies showed to be suitable for the simulations of various (not only) multi-agent systems, and natural phenomena, like the flash floods. The Grey wolf algorithm (see [4]) is the optimiza...

The Semipalatinsk nuclear test site (SNTS) is the main source of radionuclide contamination in Kazakhstan. More than 460 nuclear explosions were carried out on the territory of the SNTS. This is the only landfill in the world where some territories are still inhabited by people. The source of radionuclides entering the human body is animal food. The purpose of the research was to study the content of 137Cs and 90Sr radionuclides in livestock products (chicken meat) and their impact on public health in areas close ...

A comparative analysis of large-scale soil maps and cartographic materials of precision farming systems is carried out. Soil maps are created by traditional methods based on ground-based surveys, desk-based decryption of topographic maps and remote sensing materials. Cartographic materials of precision farming systems are represented by maps of stable intra-field heterogeneity of soil fertility. Maps of stable intra-field heterogeneity are based on the analysis of big satellite data for 35 years. Comparison showed...

The solution of the gravity direct problems performs a crucial impact on the results of investigation of the gravity anomalies in oil and gas fields. The direct problem of gravimetry itself means that we have to determine the analytical characteristics of the gravitational field from a set of specified parameters of the geological medium (such as an average depth, an excess density, coordinates of anomaly sources, and other medium parameters). Evaluation of the distribution of similar parameters of anomalous bodie...

The decision making theory finds its application literally at any field of science, especially at geosciences, because working with natural resources requires the most accurate tools. This paper considers one question of the given theory, which is called the solution priority problem. The priority problem in multi-object optimization is quite complex, many authors understand it in their own way. Perhaps this is because now the theory of multi-purpose optimization is in its infancy: there is no holistic understandi...

Based on the overview of existing industrial safety technologies and new electronic components on the market, the Concept outlines the new requirements to key segments and sub-systems of the System for personnel and mobile machinery positioning in mines. The concept of the system?s functioning is focused on building a highly robust fail proof adaptive system for data collection, processing, transmission and display, as well as for process management. The system for positioning of personnel and mobile machinery in ...

The presentation of the possibilities for the construction of ecological urbanism in the border regions of the Republic of Serbia and the Republic of Bulgaria is directly dependent on the degree of socio-economic cohesion between the administrative-territorial units separated in these territories. The construction of ecological urbanism is becoming an increasingly important issue given the ongoing climate change. On the other hand, ecological urbanism is associated with the possibilities for planning and building ...