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The slag formation is a complex process consisting of several stages. There is the formation of liquid slag from individual batch materials. In the production of steel, the slag mode is chosen according to the type of apparatus, the type of processed pig iron and steel scrap, and the requirements for the grades of the steel produced. The paper focuses exclusively on primary slags from the steelmaking process in the oxygen converter. The amount of oxygen converter is about 120-150 kg per tonne of crude steel produc...

The experimental research studied the possibility to develop an innovative coating type having a finishing and also a thermal isolating function, starting from three materials different as nature and presentation forms: kaolin powder ? a natural nanocompound, perlite granules ? a natural traditional thermal isolating material and an acrylic coating in aqueous dispersion with ceramic microspheres ? a modern synthetic thermal isolation nanoproduct. Three recipes of the new product type were made aiming to obtain hom...

This article deals with the fire safety test of polymer sleepers in the ballasted track. Although the occurrence of a fire in the track is unlikely, it may occur, for example as a consequence rolling stock fire or arson. In the past, old rolling stock assembly or track maintenance could lead to fire. For these reasons, products installed in track must be fire-safe. A new trend in the sleeper development is the utilization of polymer-based materials that suitably combine the beneficial properties of prestressed con...

Phreatalona protzi (Hartwig, 1900) is a rare species of Cladocera (Crustacea) known from Western Europe. However, hardly any ecological information about this species is available and it has not been included in lists of species found in North-East European Russia. Here we present first findings of Ph. protzi in lake sediments of a small tundra lake from the Pechora River delta, Nenets State Nature Reser, Russian Arctic. The bottom sediment samples from 11 tundra lakes were used for analysis of subfossil Cladocera...

At a global scale, climate change generates extreme events which are more and more dangerous for society. Extreme hydrological and geomorphological phenomena are one of the most common causes of human life loss and material damage as a result of the manifestation of natural hazards around human communities. Floods sometimes cause irreversible damage or completely destroy areas with cultural heritage sites. In Europe, floods are affecting annually a great number of cultural heritage sites or buildings, which lead t...

In the current social and economic context it is necessary to evaluate the directions of administrative-territorial development and socio-economic vulnerability in relation to natural hazards, as the frequency of catastrophic phenomena tends to grow. In order to minimize the loss of human lives and to reduce the economic impact, it is necessary to implement an adequate territorial planning in relation to the spatial distribution of natural disasters. Most settlements from the region of Moldova are located / develo...

The focus of this paper is on the using geoinformatics by representatives of local government and local authorities in crisis management to refine and optimize the planning of the evacuation process of the population at risk of flooding which is the most frequent reason for the crisis situations in the Czech Republic. The main tasks in planning area evacuations, as the primary protection of the population, are the estimation of the number of evacuation vehicles required for the vulnerable population and the planni...

Natural hazards as floods are a constant threat to urban areas and for the environment. The need of monitoring and mapping these types of inevitable phenomena has become mandatory cause of their negative impact on natural resources, different social and economic aspects. In L'Ile-Bouchard these phenomenon occurs frequently and people that are living in the flood prone areas of Vienne River are highly vulnerable to flood. The current study is an analysis of the flood hazard map and risk map of a river sector for Vi...

Froth flotation process has shown superiority in processing of many low-grade ores including iron ores. However, there is need to continue developing cheap, more selective and environmentally friendly reagents. Due to the shortage of high-grade iron ores, many companies in South Africa and other countries are currently working on the beneficiation of low-grade ores and retreatment of tailings. In this paper, the performance of Macadamia oil as a frother on the flotation of low-grade iron ore was investigated. The ...

The paper deals with fluctuations in water pressure and its influence on water losses in the network, depending on the time and height of the building. Water losses, depleted infrastructure life, and rising energy costs are just some of the issues that affect grid pressure. Excessive pressure increases the risk of piping rupture and water leakage in the distribution network and increases the cost of energy that needs to be spent on pumping and producing additional drinking water. Reducing the water pressure in the...

Microfracturing and rock deformation as effects of tectonic stress generates sounds called acoustic emission. Many reporting on the earthquakes say that first people hear a noise and then they feel the two shocks (P and S waves). How is this possible as long as the speed of sound is less than the P wave speed? This article gives an answer for these question. An earthquake is an effect of high tectonic stress in an area (hypocenter) and the last part of this process is the loss of elasticity of rocks followed by br...

Formation of anthropogenous forest landscapes in the territory of North Azov Sea region can subdivide into 4 stages: The 1st stage ? (the Cenozoic ? the XIV century) ? formation of natural forest and forest-steppe landscapes of the region. The 2nd stage (the XIV-XVIII century) ? the beginning of large-scale data of forests the nomadic people (construction of dwellings, deforestation for the purpose of creation of pastures and a plowed land), occupying the territory of the region of research. The 3rd stage (the XVI...

Most cities in Romania, faced in the post-communist period with changes in the dynamics and functional structure of the city. The transformations after 1990, in terms of territorial planning, reconversion and economic policies, have led to important decisions regarding the industrial platforms. Industrial reconversion is a natural stage in urban evolution in most Eastern European countries with an unstable or very dynamic economy. The post-communist period is marked by the development of services and the regressio...

An important European transport sector is represented by the river ferries, which have a tremendous impact on the population and economy of the riparian countries. The navigation across the Danube River is increasing significantly in the past decade due to the limited number of bridges available in the Romanian part of the river. If the Romanian sector of the Danube would be analysed, the total fuel oil needed is between 0.92 to 1.96 million tons per year, which means a CO quantity of 23 to 49 tons per year, and o...

The overlapping of the Yenisey River by Dam of Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric power station noticeably altered abiotic conditions of habitats of river ichthyokoinos in the zone of an artificial pond - Krasnoyarsk reservoir. Its mode of operation for the past 50 years is defined in foremost tasks of hydropower and practically does not take into account the criteria of conservation of homeostasis of aquatic ecosystem and fisheries interests. Change of rheofeeling complex on limnofeeling in the process of forming reservoi...

This study aims to investigate the functionalization by pad-dry-cure method of 100% cotton fabrics with colloidal dispersions based on TiO2:N and SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) in different molar ratios (1:0.5, 1:1, 1:1.5 and 1:2). For the preparation of colloidal dispersions the chitosan was used as stabilizing agent. Self-cleaning performance of the functionalized samples was qualitatively assessed based on Methylene Blue and Brilliant Green stain removal ability under UV radiation. Stain photodegradation efficiency w...

In this paper we present the results obtained regarding the functionalization of the surface of sheepskins using nanocomposites based on reduced graphene oxide - TiO2-Ag and reduced graphene oxide - TiO2-Cu in order to obtain leather with antimicrobial and photocatalytic properties. The nanocomposites were integrated in film forming polymer composites and were applied by spraying on sheepskin surfaces. Sheepskin surfaces were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), physico-mechanical methods, photo...

The research like this one is needed because we need to know what threats can lead to unwanted consequences as identity thefts, data misuse, a compromise, etc. The problem of saving personal data is severe. Since most people prefer storing their data in the clouds, the new problems accomplish it by various types of attacks on the authentication process itself. Attack by attack, they become more targeted. This is the easiest and fastest way to unauthorized take over other humans' files. The goal is determining the ...

In the oil extraction industry, large quantities of water are processed, which is extracted with the oil and gases from the deposits which is then used in the injection process. Water treatment is required because they contain various impurities that make them unsuitable for disposal in the environment. As these wastewater must be disposed of, the most appropriate way is to treat them and inject them into various underground layers. The most common use of wastewater is found in water injection processes to improve...

Access time is the most influential factor in determining access of people to healthcare services, be them urgent medical services or related medical services. The analysis on access times to the current public health infrastructure highlights the uneven spatial distribution of the main public health infrastructures, and also reveals some areas with access restraints. In this case, work is needed to develop hospital infrastructure so as to eliminate territorial disparities in terms of access. We employed ArcGIS Ne...

The area of calcareous soils is about 1/3 of all agricultural land. The availability of iron for plants on them is decreased which leads to a decrease in yield due to chlorosis. Synthetic agents are used to eliminate iron deficiency, many of which are expensive and resistant to biodegradation. Lignosulfonates are a unique type of technical lignins which are formed during sulfite pulping. Lignosulfonates form complexes with various metals and the presence of sulfo groups gives them solubility in an aqueous medium a...

Importance of seismic hazard estimation of low active territories of Western and Eastern Europe, Ural, Western and Central Siberia and other regions is an important problem. First of all, it involves both maintenance and construction of industrial facilities, which is not designed for seismic effects, as well as the omission of huge low activity areas reduces the scientific level of seismological studies and quality of seismic zoning maps of territories of Europe and Northern Eurasia. Absence of calculating techni...

The molecular characterization of Genetic diversity of ten bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties was evaluated by studying high molecular weight (HMW) glutenin subunits. Polymorphism of HMW-SG war carried on by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Among genotypes analyzed, twelve polymorphic bands were identified at the three loci Glu-A1, Glu-B1 and Glu-D1. The analysis of HMW-GS reveals a great diversity at the level of the three loci and more particularly on the locus (Gl...

This paper considers the task of motor transport enterprises territorial planning with regard to modern requirements for the urban development. Methods for solving problems of territorial planning using geographic information technologies are highlighted. The paper identified the placement factors inherent in this subject area and characterized by spatial, temporal, and pragmatic features. Given the spatial nature of the task input data, it is proposed to use geo-information modeling as an effective means of solvi...

Geo-questionnaires are increasingly frequently used for geo-referenced studies. Their results can provide the basis for the GIS multi-criteria analysis model, and particularly for the determination of the spatial weights of criteria significance based on proximity adjusted preferences. In the developed method, a ranking of criteria was created based on the results of a geo-questionnaire. The determined weights of criteria significance were then spatially varied based on the analysis of locations indicated in the g...

The search for new microorganisms ? sources of thermostable and thermoactive amylolytic enzymes is an important direction for the efficient processing of plant raw materials at high temperatures. A bacterial culture obtained from the thermal spring in the southeast of Iceland was used in the research. The identification of bacterial species by 16S rRNA gene sequencing has shown that the detected bacteria belong to the species Geobacillus kaustophilus. Microorganisms grown on a medium with the following composition...

For a more complete use of information in geodetic measurements of rotary kiln geometric parameters, a method of mathematic simulation of the stress state in the kiln shell is proposed. The essence of the calculation method is to ascertain the stress-strain state of the kiln shell as an elastic statically indeterminate multi-span beam. The disclosure of static uncertainty is performed by the displacement method, which allows to unify the calculation algorithm for kilns with an unrestricted number of intermediate k...

The article considers the automobilization of the population as one of the urbanization consequences. The dynamics of changes in the number of motor vehicles at the territory under consideration is shown. Estimated increase in vehicles emissions. The structure of motor vehicles emissions is considered, priority pollutants are identified, the contribution of motor vehicles emissions to total emissions in the urban territory are assessed. The features of motor vehicles emissions (height, distribution over the territ...

Modern extractive operations face to issues connected to Geoecology science, landscape ecology being a good approach in environment evaluation of mining techniques, including extraction or removal of soluble minerals from underground deposits which is a specialized extraction technique and operation procedure that requires a special management of the process. Most mines can affect the landscapes within different systems, usually Geotopes or Geofacies, therefore monitoring the geographic areas from and surrounding ...

Ecological routes should have social, cultural and educational scientific functions. In order to make full use of their potential, the work should be done for studying the conditions of the areas where the routes are located or planned to locate. It is advisable to start researches in nature reserves with ecological routes, where access to the territory of reserves is limited by ecological routes. This paper presents the results of the study of geoenvironmental conditions of the Karadag natural reserve along the e...

In the Czech Republic, in order to optimize crisis management processes on both the national level and within self-administration bodies, aiming to prevent or minimize consequences of emergency and crisis situations, provision of operational system for rescue and recovery work and other measures for crisis situations, and an effective information support are necessary. Therefore an appropriate geographic information systems of crisis management were designed and are now being utilized. An applied research method w...

Currently, we can see a gradual transition of economic actors to the conditions of digital economy. In this context, the penetration of information technology affects an increasing number of human life areas and enterprises? activities. Keeping this in mind, it becomes obvious that geo-information systems usage has affected many areas of industrial activity. Usage of geo-information systems allows a qualitatively new level to provide the enterprise with an information base and can solve a whole range of technical,...

The runoff of arctic and subarctic rivers is an important factor to be considered in climate change. The throughput of river beds has a direct impact on runoff and is influenced by many geographical factors. To date, there is no established methodology for quantitative assessing throughput of river beds in the face of climate change. We present the results of the development of geoinformation technologies to quantify throughput of Arctic and subarctic river beds while climate change. As a methodological basis, we ...

The results of the geological and mineralogo-technological studies of ultramafic rocks of pyroxene composition as a non-conventional high-Mg mineral raw material, exemplified by various Karelia?s deposits, such as Aganozero chromium ore, Buntin Hill dimension stone and Gaikolya base-mineral ores, are reported. High-Mg ultramafic rocks, such as olivinite, olivinite, dunite, peridotite and serpentinite, are of interest as mineral products on the world market. Pyroxenites are not used now practically in industry, but...

Geological lineament analyses were performed on the segment of East Anatolian Fault Zone between Doganyol (Malatya) and Celikhan (Ad?yaman) in eastern Turkey. The Eastern Anatolian Fault Zone is one of the important intra-continental strike-slip faults in the Alpine-Himalayan Orogenic Belt. A detailed analyses along the fault segment using satellite images (LandSAT 8 OLI, ASTER image) and digital elevation models (DEMs) were brought out that the fault segment presents geological lineament and morphotectonic struct...

This work is devoted to the study of the prospects of toponymic analysis for historical and geographical reconstructions. Despite of the repeatedly recognized interrelationship between the toponymy of the regions and the historical, ethnic, historical-geological features of the area, the use of toponymic datas for obtaining the missing geographical and geological information for the historical past is not common. On the example of Leningrad, Pskov, and Novgorod regions, located in the north-west of Russia, which h...

Mining operations performed within the northern part of of deep copper Polish mines are associated with a relatively thick (up to 200 m) and broadly extended salt rock stratum. Since in the above area of planned copper ore exploitation large salt chambers exist and new ones will be mined-out, their safe dimensions have had to be found. The understanding of the mechanism of interaction between the workings? elements such as pillars and immediate roof strata excavated within the salt-rock body, required developing a...

The history of mining using open-pit mining method indicates a trend of increase in depths of mining. At the beginning of the 20th century mining operations were carried out within sedimentary rocks and the maximum depth of pits of that time didn't exceed 100 m from a surface. However, several decades later the maximum depths of open-cast mine developments reached 200-300 m. Further growing demand for mineral raw materials caused an improvement of technique and technologies, the maximum depth of conducting open-ca...

In the study we dealt with the design of family-type civil constructions on competent foundation ground from geotechnical point of view. The geotechnical characteristics of the rocks that are necessary for the design of a civil construction were made in the laboratory of the PROIECT GEO SRL Company in Oradea. We analyzed the placement general conditions, the geomorphology and geology of the foundation ground required for the construction. The necessary data for the design of family-type civil-engineering foundatio...

Accident prevention through risk analysis involves a specific activity from the design stage. In the analysis of the geotechnical risks from the site of the A1 highway, the Lugoj-Deva section, Lot 2 (km: 27 + 620m ? 47 + 090m) was achieved by applying qualitative and quantitative techniques and methods based on existing data and on systematic actions, to can fit the analyzed highway section into a geotechnical risk category and then offer solutions to reduce them. The qualitative methods applied were based on the ...

Our research has focused on ensuring the stability of the underground works with advanced techniques of non-invasive investigation and the development of an analysis of the underground infrastructure using the Finite Element Method FEM. The article is structured in three principal parts and a study to ensure the stability of the excavation was developed. The first part is about the determination of the optimal location for a possible underground laboratory based on the geological, the geotechnical and the geomecha...

In the framework of the international project Alliance for Disaster Risk Reduction, with acronym: ALTER, funded under DG ECHO external line funding schema, international team from Cyprus, Greece, Armenia and Bulgaria are having as main goal to create hazard maps for vulnerable areas in Armenia where potential dam breaks and flood events afterwards are possible. The presented work will show an approach for dam break analysis with potential flood zones in the downstream of the dam. The calculated affected zones and ...

The paper aims at inventorying soil resources in Secas Commune, Timis County, Romania, using modern means, namely the GIS method, but also to make a cartographic representation of these soil units using modern methods and means. [18,19] The main objectives envisaged are the development of knowledge on the natural environment, the creation of a ?spatial? pedological database, the spatial representation of soils, the qualitative representation of soils by GIS, the inventory of soils and the identification of their s...

Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) measurements of the geodynamic satellite LAGEOS-1 (LAser GEOdynamics Satellite) for the period January 2000 - June 2013 are processed and analyzed. The analysis are carried out with the Satellite Laser Ranging Processor (SLRP) software, version 4.3, developed in the Department Geodesy of the National Institute of Geophysics, Geodesy and Geography at Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. A new module for parameter estimation using the least squares method was developed to allow flexible treat...

If the strategic goal of education is declared as social economic progress, the humanity should not have any problems with solving its current and future problems significant for the living arrangement of the world population. It should be noted that the process of globalization of a biospheric environmental disaster is not an urgent problem for Russia. In particular, Russia has spent its territorial biocapacity by 50% and, as a consequence, it acts as a global ecodonor. However, even in the 80s of the last centur...

The aim of this work was to obtain new medical biomaterials based on a biocompatible polymer polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), modified with the drug, ketoprofen (KP), and gold nanoparticles (Au NPs). The biological inertness of PTFE, hydrophobicity, elasticity, low weight prevents sticking to wounds and makes fibrous materials based on it ideal for dressing and obturators. Ketoprofen gives anti-inflammatory properties to the material, while Au NPs provides it with antibacterial ones. Biomaterials based on porous PT...

A thermocline is a layer of water in which a vertical temperature gradient is observed. On freshwater lakes, it is caused by seasonal warming of the surface layer. In the absence of wind mixing, the upper water layer is heated relatively uniformly, the temperature in the lower layer does not change. The temperature transition between the surface and bottom layers creates a thermocline. Since a change in water temperature leads to a change in its electrical conductivity and dielectric constant, a thermocline can be...

This study provides preliminary results on grain size distribution in the Albian Ciucas Conglomerates located in southern Eastern Carpathians, Romania. The present research is the first quantitative study of Ciucas Conglomerates using modern techniques aiming at understanding basic transport processes and depositional environment of this unit. Grain size analysis was carried out on digitized contours of clasts from photographs of representative outcrops in the Ciucas Conglomerate area comprising 18 photo-sample lo...

Metallurgical production generates ferrous waste at every stage of the process. Solid wastes that arise in metallurgical plants include, for example, blast furnace slag, sludge, dust, scale and others. The composition of these materials varies depending on the source of production. The use there fine-grained iron-bearing wastes is possible within a metallurgical cycle. Attention was paid to the possibility of scaling and subsequent use for the blast furnaces. The scales contain mainly FeO, so energy savings occur ...

The urban area has noticeably higher temperatures than other areas located in the undeveloped area. This is due to the overlapping of large areas of the original vegetation with the construction of buildings and roads. Concrete and asphalt surfaces absorb a large amount of heat from the sun that radiates back into the environment. The impact of ever-expanding urban arrest increases the intensity of so-called thermal islands, and life in some cities becomes difficult in the summer months. Due to the absence of gree...