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At the present stage of development of the biotechnological industry, the most promising objects are enzymes of the oxidoreductase class, which are capable of catalyzing redox processes. One of the most studied enzymes of this class is horseradish root peroxidase. Its immobilization on various carriers allows the biocatalyst to be reused in various technological processes. In recent years, magnetic nanoparticles have been increasingly used as effective carriers of enzymes.In this work, we study the oxidation of 2,...

In the present work the researches were carried out in the Tata Valley watershed, which has an area of 17 km2 and administratively belongs to Dambovita county, Romania. The purpose of the study was to estimate the soil losses for a single storm event in the Tata Valley watershed using the MUSLE method and G.I.S. The identification of the erosion processes and the estimation of the quantity of eroded material is extremely important both for the elaboration of the risk maps, as well as for the analysis of the surfac...

The review of methods and devices for measuring of the raindrops sizes is considered in the article. A brief classification of the main groups of methods and devices for measuring of raindrop diameters is proposed. These materials could be useful in the development and selection of methods for analysis the characteristics of natural rains and artificial rains which are created by sprinkler machines. It is noted that all existing methods can be conditionally divided into the following groups: direct, indirect, opti...

The current global climate variability is leading to significant changes in meteorological and oceanographic elements. A climatic background is formed, under the direct influence of which the reservoir affects the climate. The aim of the study is to create a method that can assess the combined impact of the main climate elements for a specific time interval and region. The following parameters of hydro- and meteorological elements are selected as the characteristics of such background: arithmetic mean and correspo...

The Shchuchinsko-Borovskaya system, consisting of seven large lakes, was studied. Lakes of tectonic origin are located at different absolute levels within the granite massif. The water in the lakes is fresh, less often brackish, and previously has been widely used for agricultural and drinking purposes. Based on monitoring data and analysis of a long-term series of satellite images over the past 30 years, a significant decrease in the level of the lakes and water resources has been revealed. This has affected the ...

Biomass is the world's fourth largest source of energy after oil, coal and natural gas. Biomass is the largest and currently the most important renewable energy option and can be used to produce various forms of energy. As a result, biomass, together with other renewable energy options, is able to provide all the energy services needed in today's society, both locally and globally. Among many other aspects, the renew-ability and versatility of biomass as an energy source is also an important advantage. In addition...

Currently, the urgent task associated with the development and production of new, cheaper, building materials. Rocks have a reserve of free internal energy, which is determined by the method of their formation. The use of this energy reserve can reduce the work that needs to be done during the technological transformation of raw materials in the production of building materials. In this paper, it is proposed to evaluate the efficiency of using various finely dispersed systems to use as a criterion - surface activi...

The process of increasing the capacity of the Russian Arctic harbors has been gaining momentum in recent years due to the environmental change associated with the global warming process and increasing role of the Northern Sea Route (NSR). An important component of this process is the operation of the Sabetta seaport in the Ob Bay, Kara Sea, intended for the transportation of hydrocarbons (oil and gas products) produced on the Yamal Peninsula in the NSR. The construction project of the Sabetta seaport includes the ...

One of the most important parameters of pavement serviceability in terms of view road safety is without doubt skid resistance. By now, a number of different methods and devices have been developed for both friction and texture evaluation. However, while measurements of friction coefficients tend to be subject to a large number of boundary conditions, texture measurements are affected by device limits without the possibility of detecting surface irregularities at the microtexture level, which appears to be crucial ...

This research describes such a problem as increasing the productivity of wells and the oil recovery coefficient by conducting various geological and technical measures, which based on correlation, regression, and statistical analyzes. These methods allow to analyse a possible interconnection of two or more numbers of indicators, also identifying the problematic well stock, and selecting a set of measures aimed at improving the efficiency of field development, including various geological and technical measures. Ex...

The paper dwells on examining and testing a mechanism for determining exposure to transport noise followed by dividing an area of a large industrial city with population exceeding 1 million people into specific zones as per health risk criteria. Noise spread was modeled with ?Ecolog-NOISE? specialized software basing on a vector map of the city and using geoinformation systems. To create a database on transport noise sources, the authors collected and analyzed data on traffic intensity on city motorways. Basing on...

Based on the analysis of morphogenetic transformations of shells of the brachiopods, a scheme of phylogenetic development of the genus Jakutoproductus was developed; according to this scheme, three phylogenetic branches of Jakutoproductus, originating from one species - Jakutoproductus tatjanae Abramov et Grigorjeva, developed simultaneously at the end of the Carboniferous and in the Early Permian. In the morphogenesis of the genus, there are changes in the width of the shell, the degree of convexity of the ventra...

The present work dwells on testing methodical approaches to optimization of programs for monitoring over ambient air quality. The key issue here was to determine how many control points are required and make up a list of substances for monitoring in a large industrial center with its area exceeding 350 square kilometers and population more than 1 million people. Ambient air quality in the examined city is influenced by more than 150 industrial enterprises operating in metallurgy, civil engineering, chemical indust...

In this paper, a computational method to predict the corrosion resistance of some sintered iron alloys subjected to a thermochemical treatment is analyzed. The proposed materials are obtained by powder metallurgy (P/M) route. The raw materials are prepared from atomized pre-alloyed iron base powders. The compacted samples were obtained by cold pressing using conventional route. The powders were compacted at a pressures of 400 and 600 MPa. After pressing, the green compacts were sintered in a laboratory furnace. Th...

The present article deals with the issues regarding the impact process at the impact of the material onto an enclosed conveyor belt supported by an impact bed consisting of impact rods at the feeding site. The theory of the impact process is based on the following preconditions: the whole impact process and the related processes are only performed at the impact site; the rock block is of relatively small dimensions compared to the conveyor dimensions; the impact bed is absolutely rigid; the conveyor belt is absolu...

Because, in most cases, dust explosions cause significant damage to the environment, they can be treated as a disaster. Appropriate measures must be taken to prevent explosions. These measures are aimed at preventing the formation of explosive atmospheres, preventing the occurrence of ignition sources and limiting the effects of the explosion. Static electricity is one of the sources of ignition of the potentially explosive atmosphere of dust / air. Assessing the occurrence and the possibility of initiating discha...

Under the effect of strong heat, chemical fertilizers tend to decompose. These decompositions can be followed by burns or explosions. The tendency to suffer self-sustaining decomposition is determined by the test method described in Test S.1 of the United Nation Manual of Tests and Criteria for the classification of ammonium nitrate fertilizers. The purpose of this work is to present the tests, experiments and interpretation of the experimental data necessary for the classification of chemical fertilizers based on...

In the national policy and development documents of Latvia, forest, along with other natural resources, is defined as an important strategic resource for the sustainable overall development of the country and the development of a diverse and export-intensive economy. At the same time, the need to exploit forests sustainably, reducing the risks to the quality of the natural environment posed by human activities, is emphasized by the documents. The research question is as follows: Are forests in Latvia overexploited...

The use of geographical space is closely related to the favorability of natural factors, its productive potential and improvement work. The influence of the anthropic activity on the geographical landscape is large, complex and with various effects depending on the specific local conditions, triggering a wide range of observation for geographical research. Using the land according to his different needs, man caused, on the one hand, the reduction of the areas occupied by natural plantations (replaced by agricultur...

A large number of precious metals such as molybdenum, gold, uranium and much more are obtained from sulfide ores. Currently, a large number of hydrometallurgical methods are used to extract precious metals, which in turn are outdated in this field. In this regard, it is necessary to develop new modern methods for extracting all valuable components from sulfide ores. One of these methods is the process of bio-leaching with the use of microorganisms. The use of this method in mining companies will help reduce the ri...

Danube is part of the Rhine / Meuse - Main - Danube priority axis, being the second longest river in Europe. Danube is an important international river route, flowing through 10 countries: Germany, Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, Romania, Bulgaria, Moldova and Ukraine. Most of the Danube, 28.9%, stretches over the territory of Romania. In the rest of the countries where the Danube arrives, they have much lower percentages. It collects most of the Romanian rivers, except some from Dobrogea, that are ca...

Agricultural land is an important natural resource exploited for agricultural production to provide food for the population. The pressure on agricultural resources has increased in the world, as the population grows and non-food land uses increase. In Latvia, the utilized agricultural area (UAA) has decreased since 1991, and in 2020 it was 2.3 mln. ha or 36% of the total area of the country, while the forest area increased, and in 2020 it was 3.1 mln. ha or 48% of the total area. In 2019 in Latvia, the unfarmed an...

In Latvia, Scots pine forests stands occupy 953450 ha or 33% of the total forest area. The percentage of young stands is 18% of pine forests. The young stands under the age of 10 are most represented. Scots pine has always been important for the Latvian economy, since several high-quality assortments can only be made from a quality pine trunk. The quality of the first log shall be formed during the first decade of the tree, therefore it is important to identify, assess and reduce the risk factors for P. sylvestris...

The commercialization of innovations in the food industry faces many risks. Only one in ten products successfully reaches supermarket shelves. In particular, the Latvian fish processing industry faces significant difficulties on the path to a successful launch of innovative products still depending on the production of one type of product ? canned fish. Continuing the study on the possibilities of using the fish species available in the country, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, in 2018-2019, de...

The effective application of the evils in the construction, including road, an important area of research is to identify the characteristics of physical and chemical processes and their hydration mechanism composed gold-cement binders. By chemical, mineralogical, derivatographic, spectroscopic and X-ray analyzes established physico-chemical properties of fly ash of thermal power hydroremoval Rudnenskiy AO SSGPO (Kazakhstan). It was determined that the hydraulic ash is acidic, with a high content of SiO2 and Al2O3 ...

The eastern part of the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea is the estuary of the Neva River. The study area has significant spatial variability in water salinity. The salinity regime is largely determined by the influx of fresh water from the Neva Bay and water exchange with sea waters from the western sections of the Gulf of Finland. Therefore, the eastern part of the bay is characterized by an increase in salinity from east to west. At the same time, salinity in the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland is characte...

Relevance of results and scope. Energy, which determines the progress of social production, continues to have an adverse impact on the environment. The result of any energy entity is to provide consumers with high-performance ecologically pure kind of energy that objectively defines influence of industrial activities of energy companies on the environment: emissions of pollutants into the atmospheric air, effluents of polluting substances in water objects, placing of production wastes, and also negative effects of...

Reduced air supply, significant temperature rise, dense smoke, are the characteristic factors of fires taking place in the interior of buildings. The interior fires often cause dangerous phenomena such as flashover and rollover, and in some cases massive explosions of accumulated emissions of combustion called backdraft. These phenomena and the course of fire temperatures in the areas are the subject of many studies in order to understand them as well as possible. The main goal of the paper is therefore to enrich ...

The hydraulic systems used in the aviation industry use pressurized fluids that transmit energy to various driving systems of the aircraft (hydraulic motors, cylinders or hydraulic actuators). It is known that hydraulic fluids, along with the fuels used, present a potential risk of fire, which can lead to damages or the loss of the aircraft, often with very serious consequences. At the same time, in the event of a plane fire after the crash, hydraulic fluids can be an additional fuel source. For these reasons, the...

The paper deals with the actual flood risk assessment in Slovak Republic. The recent history of massive floods within the territory of Slovak Republic and their character is described as well as the latest flood and changing character of the flood causes. It is usually a natural disaster that occurs due to sudden or unexpected changes in the meteorological situation. A brief description of the crisis management bodies with focus on the major responsibilities of the Fire & Rescue Corps within the current Act on Flo...

Based on the nanomaterials market research, the global production of cobalt (II, III) oxide (Co3O4), aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles is large-scale (> 100 tons/year), which leads to their contamination of environmental objects and accumulation in organisms. Research and scientific forecasting of the potential hazard and the features of the accumulation of Co3O4, Al2O3, and MgO nanoparticles have been carried out. According to the research results of the physical properties of the tes...

Efficient management of operating costs, processes and premises usage has currently become one of the basic requirements of building owners and operators. This results in an effort being made to optimize these costs in order to provide comfort and safety of both the employees and people present in the buildings, while not wasting basic operating media and human labour at the same time. Such optimization is dealt with by Facility Management. Its concept is slightly diverse in different countries as the definition o...

This paper presents a theoretical study on the free convection of pore water in saturated permeable rock mass during artificial freezing. Artificial freezing technology is widely used in the construction of mine shafts, tunnels and other types of excavation that take place under high water content conditions or conditions of high levels of groundwater seepage in soil and rock. A qualitative analysis of artificial freezing in water-saturated permeable rock mass shows that the effect of free convection can be signif...

Introduction. The extreme nature of environmental meteorological factors and the asynchronous change of day and night are considered to be one of the reasons leading to a decrease in the life quality in the Extreme North. These might lead to a violation of adaptive mechanisms under certain conditions. The combination of variants of polymorphic candidate genes causes functional disorders of the cardiovascular system. The research aims at studying the genetic polymorphism in children having pathologies of the cardio...

Jurisprudence and international cooperation in the field of pollution of international and regional watercourses have registered over time a rapid evolution if we refer to the documents issued by international and regional bodies that against the background of environmental disasters have come together and developed a series of tools legal and international vocation aimed at preventing and limiting the pollution of water resources. At intra-Community level, in order to prevent and limit the pollution of watercours...

The results of a study of the dynamics of anthropogenic transformation of the species composition of the forests of Karelia using GIS technologies are presented in the article. The main object of research is the forests of the Karelian basement lake-taiga plain (eastern part of the Baltic crystalline shield). A quantitative analysis of changes in the species composition of forests in historical time was carried out for the first time. Retrospective, cartographic, comparative, historical and geographical sections o...

This article is devoted to the problem of organizing geo-ecological monitoring of water supply for territories with conditions of active karst processes. In these cases, the task is complicated by the difficult hydrogeological conditions of the locality and the high vulnerability of karst groundwater resources to pollution due to their complex hydrogeological structure. Karst water exchange systems are characterized by high natural and anthropogenic vulnerability of groundwater resources, and their extremely low a...

Scientific and technological development is an important requirement to ensure the development of geodesic and cartographic fields. At the same time, science and technology have also been identified as key in socio-economic development in the context of the world applying the great achievements of the Industrial Revolution 4.0. Technological changes in measurement and mapping such as satellite positioning technology, digital technology, network technology, etc. have been changing methods of receiving, processing i...

Creation of information system of the Republic of Kazakhstan groundwater resources and reserves implies the accumulation, systematization, processing and analysis of historical and operating data about status and use of groundwater and environmental bodies related to it. The system includes different-scale geoinformational models. Each model is built on the basis of materials contained in bases of semantic and graphical data. Semantic database contains structured text and numerical information. Spatial data are in...

The Southern Dobrogea is situated in SE Romania, being included, tectonic point of view, in the Moesian Platform. The Southern Romania is bordered by the Danube to the West and the Black Sea to the East. In the N, the Southern Dobrogea is bordered by the Capidava-Ovidiu subcrustal fault; towards south, it continues to the northern Bulgaria. In the Southern Dobrogea, a carbonate platform developed from Mesozoic (Upper Jurassic and Cretaceous), and continued through the Paleogene up to the Miocene. The Pliocene is m...

The level of geological competence of students studying in the areas of undergraduate studies ?Earth Sciences? and ?Pedagogical Education? (profiles Geography, Geography and Biology), determine not only the acquired theoretical knowledge and competencies, but also the ability to record and summarize field observations. The latter is formed in the process of a person's knowledge of the natural environment according to the didactic principle?- from the known to the unknown, from close to far. In Russia, it received ...

Radon (222Rn) is a natural gas produced by the radioactive decay of uranium-bearing rocks and soils in the Earth?s crust. Geology is one of the main factors controlling source and distribution of radon. Most rocks and soils possess small amount of uranium, but there are particular types of bedrocks and unconsolidated deposits characterized by higher than average uranium contents. These lithological types include some granites, light-colored volcanic rocks, phosphatic rocks, ironstones, limestones and shales rich i...

It is well known that geomagnetic field varies in time, as well as in space. Besides, the world magnetic models which are the main sources of information concerning the values of geomagnetic field elements in a particular place, we present more precise and accurate model of these elements covering the territory of Bulgaria. Our study uses information from the last absolute geomagnetic survey involving measurements in 473 points, secular data from Panagyurishte (PAG) and several other Intermagnet observatories near...

The scope of this research is to present and discuss information for ?Ada Tepe? open pit gold mine geological section within ?Khan Krum? gold mine deposit in South-Eastern Bulgaria. The mine is located near to Krumovgrad, approximately three kilometers south of the town, at Ada Tepe hill. The deposit is designed to extract 850,000 tons of gold ore per year over an eight-year period. Conventional open pit mining methods are planned to use for gold mining. The gold ore is currently processed in dressing plant, invol...

The area of underwater seismic and geophysical exploration is now rapidly growing with increasing complexity of the employed equipment. At present, more reliable data are gathered by Ocean Bottom Seismometers - autonomous instruments used in long duration seismic surveys. The general idea behind this equipment is that autonomous devices are unable to transmit data in real-time and require offshore operations for periodical deployment. However, the task of a permanent underwater monitoring for seismic events with o...

The study area is located in northeastern Bulgaria (Northern Bulgarian Black Sea Coast), between the Ikantalaka locality, Balchik municipality and the village of Bozhurets, Kavarna Municipality, Dobrich district. From an engineering geological point of view, the region falls within the Balchik Landslide Area, which is characterized by old and recent landslides with linear-stepped and packaged construction. In the formation of landslide processes in the study area, the direction of subsidence and the angle of incli...

Construction and further operation of buildings and engineering structures in karst-hazardous areas in most cases is connected with possible man-made increase of geodynamic manifestations of karst processes. As a result of this, in the soil foundations of engineering structures, the appearance of decompression zones with reduced load capacity is possible. In some cases, an active manifestation of karst-suffusion processes is possible. In this case, the probability of unacceptable deformations of the soil base with...

In this research, the term risk follows the definition by the United Nations (UNDRO [1]) and refers to the expected losses from a particular hazard to a specified element at risk in a particular future time period. In our case, population exposure refers to the human occupancy of hazard zones in Bulgaria, or the population present within the hazard area that would be potentially directly affected by an event. Placed at the central part of the most seismically active region in Europe, the territory of Bulgaria is s...

The threats of global change in the 21st century are becoming increasingly significant. Soon, humanity will face not only new climatic phenomena, but also many other related events, which clearly include demographic unrest on many continents. The consequences of these events will be reflected in increased tensions between countries, peoples and groups of people, who will tend to avoid new, in many cases negative, conditions. . The changes will affect not only vulnerable areas, but also regions with a relative calm...

The paper presents the results of a study of the granulometric composition of terrigenous reservoir of the Nizhne-Karmalskoye super-viscous oil deposit. The main interest is a sand pack composed of weakly cemented and loose fine and medium-grained sands and sandstones. Clastic grains are mainly bonded with high-viscosity oil. the thickness of the sand pack on the deposit varies widely. The grain size of reservoir rocks has a significant impact on the reservoir properties of rocks and reservoir productivity as a wh...