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In heavily settled areas, deformations i nduced by the tunnel excavation may cause serious damage to nearby structures. Theref ore, it is necessary to study effective means of controlling tunnel induced deformations. Th e main parameters affecting the failure and deformation state of the soil around a circular underground opening are the physical characteristics of the soil, the diameter of the opening, and the support pressure. In this study, 3-Dimensional (3D) FDM analyses were conducted to assess tunneling indu...

A comparative study on the zeolitization of coal fly ash from thermo-power plant “Maritsa 3” (Dimitrovgrad) with KOH and NaOH solutions of different concentrations has been made. The initial materials have been activ ated by application of “conventional” method of hydrothermal treatment at temperatures near 100 °C, atmosphere pressure and liquid/solid ratio of 10 ml.g -1. Three concentration levels for KOH and four concentration levels for NaOH have been used. The initial fly ashes and the obtained zeolit...

The aim to the research was to compare or thometric heights, de termined by real-time kinematic (RTK) Global Positioning System observations and local geoid models in Adana city, Turkey. GPS network had been established according to Large Scale Map and Map Information Production Regulations (LSM&MIPR) in Adana metropolitan city at 2008. In study field total area is 663.05 km2 451 stations which are 2 items Turkish National Fundamental GPS Network (TUTGA ) points, 6 stations graded by C1, 35 stations graded by C2 a...

Coverage of Slovakia's energy needs depends primarily on collecting energy from abroad (mostly from the Russian Federation). Therefore, the state is inclined to making substantial use of renewable energy sources, which are also environmentally less aggressive. Slovakia has a significant potential in geothermal energy. The systematic investigation of geothermal energy sources using geothermal wells started in 1971 in Slovakia. There are 120 registered geotherm al wells in Slovakia, which proved about 1787 l.s -1 of...

In literature, environment is mentioned as “the whole natu re and examples of human- made structures in the nature together with human beings and all other living beings”. Environment is the atmosphere or conditions in which an organism exists and it is an atmosphere that existed with the first living being on earth. Environment is the physical, biological, social, economic a nd cultural atmosphere where people and other living beings lead their lives and interact with one another. Human life is built on vario...

A detailed study of the weathering products is an important step toward the comprehension of the complex processes opera ting in the environment of mine tailings. The identification of the carriers of the polluta nts is a prerequisite for the assessment of the contamination risk and a remediation or immobilization strategy. In this study, we describe sulfide oxidation processes and the resulting chemical composition of the weathering products within 2 tailing impoundme nts rich in Fe, Ca, Si, Ba and Al. Content of...

Estimation of large to rare floods is needed in the design of major water infrastructure such as large bridges, weir s and dam spillways. This paper presents a simple Large Flood Regionalisation Model (LFRM) which is relatively easy to apply in practice. The proposed method assumes that the maximum observed flood data over a large number of sites in a region can be pooled together by accounting for the at-site variations in the mean and coefficient of variation (CV) and inter-station correlation among the flood se...

Experiences from various countries show that without initial state support it is not possible to build basis for applying of t echnologies using renewable energy sources. Presented contribution is orientated to the various mechanisms that are using for support of renewable energy sources. That means st ate regulation in this area generally and basic types of state donation policy in th e frame of European Union and their consequences on the market with renewable energy sources.

The paper marks evaluation of existing me thodological tools for the formation of polymer composites, summarizes in brief the known technical designs and recent points of view for functioning of the old processi ng methods. Further, to make these systems usable in a practical working environment we will focus on the implementation of well- established utensils and ou tline possible new viewpoints for the modern revelations. Here, we will involve identified developments and routine utilizations, and will propose pr...

The main characteristics of geographic information systems (GIS) are large geospatial datasets and the necessity to share data among other GIS systems. In order to achieve this kind of interoperability it is necessary that the data is st ructured, encoded and described in standardized way and that the GIS architecture is based on standards. Standards in this field are based on the se rvice-oriented architect ure, where different types of tasks are implemented by different services. All these ta sks in collaboratio...

The influence of washout scavenging on the removal processes of SO 4 2-, NO3 - and Cl - ions were investigated using sequential ra in sampling. For this purpose this study investigates the variation of these ions in precipitation using the sequential rain sampling and relationships of the wet depos ition flux to the rain intensity and ion concentration were introduced. We carried out sequential rain sampling for five different rain events sampled in Istanbul on a) March 14 th, 2008 b) March 20 th, 2008 c) March 25...

Biooxidation of sulphide minerals has become an important method for the pretreatment of refractory gold ores. More over, bioleaching of the mi nerals with thermophilic microorganisms is attracting increasing interest as a promising alternative process. In this study, the biooxidation of an arsenical refractory gold sulphide concentrate using extreme thermophiles is examined. The concentrate contained 100.84 g/t Au, 31.8% pyrite (FeS2), 10.9% arsenopyrite (FeAsS), 0.2% chalcopyrite (CuFeS 2), 37.3% quartz (SiO2) a...

Application of GIS systems in Agriculture now adays is an essential tool for managing, monitoring and updating crops information in daily, monthly or annual basis. A review of number of OpenGeo products exposed worldwide shows that there have been major improvements in much functionality recently . The application of GIS systems in agriculture is also recommended by Eur opean Commission for countries which are being prepared to join European Union (LPIS, vineyard cadastre etc.). For the wine cultivation in Kosovo,...

The present research is devoted to the analysis of the results obtained during the expeditions organized to study the conten t and distribution of heavy metals in atmospheric precipitation, river waters and so ils of the Northern Dv ina basin. At this paper the results of qua ntity calculations of heavy metals (Cd, Pb , Zn, Cr, Ni, Cu, Hg) which are arriving with atmospheric precip itation, surface run-off to the river and carrying out with river discharge to the White Sea are presented.

Anthropogenic activities produce a lot of chem ical, physical and bi ological pollutants, which penetrate by different ways into environment and influence the living organisms and ecosystems negatively. In present it does not exist universal method for environmental risk assessment. Most countries use various procedures in field of risk analysis oriented to the specific problem solutions close connected with the chosen factors, which have negative influences on the individual environmental parts. The paper deals w...

The authors are aiming to review the work related to monitoring of environmental factors from Braila in Romania. To maintain a balance between the natural environment, its resources and the man, it is necessary to develop a strategic planning, so there can be always a stable relationship between natural habitat and the human population. This planned strategy elaborated to address the environmental issues was established at the Ministerial Conference "E nvironment for Europe" held in Lucerne, Switzerland, and is wa...

The Romanian tourism aims to develop, togeth er with the integration in the EU, several criteria of recognition which might be essen tial on the internationa l market, regarding the quality of the services and the natural or cultural objectives available nowadays. One of its indubitable advantages, which attract constantly the vis itors attention, is represented by the eco-touristic potential. This domain is a fo rm of alternative tourism having a permanent development. In order to perceive it adequately, it is ne...

Orthorectification is main and specific photogrammetric task. Digital technologies allow generation of precise orthoimages, whic h are obtaining the pixel accuracy. The realization of this process requires usage of precise and adequate object model that is generated by usage of different data sources. They include irregular set of points created by survey measurements, digitized cartographic data, raster DEM obtained from stereo pairs, or from points’ cloud gathered by laser scanning. The main steps of orthorect...

For the purposes of at the same time functioning web service supporting particular thermodynamic calculations as well as actions related to acquisition, check, repair eventually updating of web service’s data bases we have designed conception of administration and structure of two collaborative databases – preparatory and operating. The paper deals with principles this admi nistration and specifies structure of both databases. The data structure of substance and related entities is the same in the both databas...

The importance of understanding the protection of the environment has become an exceedingly important issue for the life of human beings. Interdependent economic relations and government regulations may s upport each other or may create conflicts. On the other hand, competition policy, indus trial hazards and products/services across national borders may foster the conflict about the environmental regulations. In this research, the funds organized by IMF and the policies created by IMF may help the regulation abou...

The airborne geophysical survey in Kosova is a very important project, which has been conducted during 2006 -2007, according to the terms of references processed by the ICMM. The airborne geophysical survey in Kosova is carried out by the British Geological Survey and the Geological Survey of Finland. The geophysical survey is carried out for three components. There are provided the important data with the images of electromagnetic, magnetic and radiometric components. The ICMM possesses the necessary software, wh...

The primary requirement for landscape regeneration affected by mining in addition to restoration of functional use is also the permanent sustainability of landscape. The paper deals with the alternative po ssibilities of using redevelopm ent procedures for general restoration of the landscape, also principles of using spontaneous succession, managed succession, forest and non-forest reclamation (including the recovery of the residential areas) on the basis of ecological and land-technical values and potential of l...

The contribution focuses on the technological possibilities of large-capacity extraction, transport and stacking of loose material. It is based on the actual condition of the continuous-operation equipment deployed at large pit quarries. The technical and performance parameters of this equipment, well-tried in practice, were used for modelling the option of replacing it with discontinuous-operation equipment, which has unique performance parameters compared wi th European standards. The key objective is to compare...

Bangladesh faces a major challenge in supplying safe potable water to the most of her 160 million people. The drinking water in Ba ngladesh is largely sourced from hand- pump tubewells, which draw drinking water from shallow aquifer, which has been badly polluted with Arsenic in recent years. Although various methods have been proposed to solve this problem, an acceptable and sustainabl e solution is yet to be achieved. As an alternative, rainwater can be harvested and used to secure the safe potable water for Ban...

The ozone layer as a protective shield life on biosphere, have very oscillations from view point of quantity and volume. To be aware on vari ation of ozon e layer volume carries out via gauging of total ozone in gauge ozone station. In this research the climatic parameter effects have been investigated on total ozone variations in Isfahan gauge ozone station and shows that a part of ozone daily oscillations are associated with atmosphere circulation patterns in upper and middle levels. My review show that the valu...

The engineering behavior of rock materials depends not only on stress state and stress history but also on the physical and chemical change of the rock materials due to weathering. Changes in index properties such as dry density void ratio, clay content and seismic velocity caused by weathering processes is representing strength and elastic properties of rock materials. The changes caused by weathering processes in rock material may be mainly considered under th e two topics; the mineralogical change and the physi...

Water vapor monitoring represents a vital pr ocess in understanding the global climate and predicting the weather, especially rainfall events. Knowledge of the total amount of water vapor and its distribution, both spatial and in time, is considered also to be the key to a more accurate description of the state of the atmosphere that can lead to improved numerical weather prediction models. GNSS Meteorology refers to the mapping of integrated water vapor throughout GPS networks and their corresponding tomography, ...

The development of the market economy and th e increase in its degree of complexity requires complete operative economic informa tion. The balance sheet stands for the accounting method procedure through which ther e can be controlled the way of using material and human resources in view of making necessary decisions. The balance sheet-based analysis - i.e. the diagnosis an alysis - is oriented towards revealing the financial position of the company, its capaci ty to generate monetary surplus values guaranteeing i...

The main purpose of studying detailed gravity data is to provide a better understanding of the geological layers and density of topographic masses. The gravity method is a relatively cheap and very efficient, especially by using airborne techniques. Measurements of gravity provide informati on about densities of the Earth subsurface. There is a wide range in density among rock types, and therefore geologists can make inferences about the distribution of mass density. In the case of gravity surveys by using airborn...

The dynamic tests of reinforced concrete road bridge on the modern highway E-75 at the Kumanovo-Veles section has been carried out. The bridge is a prefabricated system of pre-stressed simple beams connected by the road deck cast in situ. The foundations were bedded in the stratum of shale. Under six of the columns the footings, that is, foundations, are the ordinary cascade ones, while three columns are founded on caissons, that is boxes in the very PДЌinja riverbed, nearby Katlanovo village . For the purpose of ...

During the last two decades has been in the Ostrava city registered a higher number of floods; some of them were extreme ones - such as the flood in 1997 and 2010. The consequence of increasing frequency of floods during this period was also the increase of property damage and real estate losses. Increased risk of flooding in the affected areas was reflected in the prices of real estates and lands’ prices immediately after the catastrophic floods in 1997 and then in 2010. Property prices are now affected, among ...

Apart form main product output, the side products having the second raw materials and industry wastes status are being created in metallurgy plant technological process. Dust outlets, waste gases, technological liquids and particularly slags represent main metallurgy industry wastes. Metallurgy plant with closed production cycle and annual capacity of 5 millions tons of steel yearly produces about 1 million tons of blast furnace slag, 0.5 million tons of steelmaking slag and 0.05 million ton of secondary metallurg...

In the case of this thick and gentle coal seam no.3 of the Jiu Valley coal basin (Romania), the mining methods are by use of the longwall mining technologies with roof control by caving or top coal caving. In this paper, it is presented the analysis of the complex deformations of ground surface, over time, as a consequence of the coal mining in certain mining fields of the basin. Also, it is analysed the ground surface subsidence phenomenon using the CESAR-LCPC finite element code. The modelling is made in the ela...

Many different methods for calculation of the settlement of shallow foundations on coarse soil is used in engineering practice. In all these methods, the greatest impact on the calculated settlements have applied loads, adopted values of soil parameters and foundation width. It is common that in thes e calculations adopt soil bearing capacity that is significantly lower than actual, so the calculate d settlement of the soil is significantly larger than the actual, which results in a conservative foundation design....

River bank erosion is a major problem in Ba ngladesh, which is known as the ‘land of rivers’, and suffers from major floods frequently. Due to braided river and alluvial soil type, river bank erosion is quite common in Bangladesh. The country spends millions of dollars every year to control river bank eros ion, which appears to be inadequate. This paper reviews river bank erosion problem in Bangladesh in general and in particular, evaluates the performance of a new technique and identifies avenues for further ...

Selection of optimum support system for tunnels and underground opening is a multi criteria decision making pr oblem. In this paper, first, st ability analysis of access tunnel in gooshfill mine is done, then selection of support system for these tunnels by considering of economical cr iteria and technical criteri a by using ELECTRE method is presented. Criteria that are involved in d ecision making process are: displacement at roof, bottom and side of the tunnel, safe ty factor, cost, labor requirements and appli...

The vast territory of Bince region is loca ted in the Viti locality in the SW part of Kosovo, in between Kacaniku Gorge, Morava of Bince Valley and Zhegra Valley. It is characterized by a broad variety of lithology and numerous mineral showings of Cu, Pb, Zn and Fe. Geological setting: Paleozoic shale (Sbm), with marble and quartzite (M, Q), the series of Upper Cretaceous (Cr 2) flysch, Lower Oligocene (Ol 2) volcanogenic-sedimentary series, middle Miocene (M2) sediments, as well as by relatively widespread deposi...

The paper deals with decontamination of sediments polluted by persistent organic pollutants in the influent stream of Ce rny prikop in Ostrava, the Czech Republic. Flotation is used as the first stage treatme nt method when the individual contaminants accumulate in the flotation concentrate. C onsequently, bacterial leaching applying the bacteria of genus Pseudomonas and Rhodococcus is used as the second treatment method. The results imply that the combinat ion of both the methods is very effective and leads to a ...

Since 1999 the application of GIS in Kosovo ha s provided valuable results. All of this research was based on contemporary methodol ogy on space research with GIS. In this case, within the inventory of the flora of Kosovo, is explored Common oak (Quercus robur L.), taking into account its biological aspect and modern methods of research with GIS. GIS has enabled the analysis of sea le vel height with the help of Digital relief model (Digital Elevation Model-DEM), expositi on, angle of fall and the correlation of n...

Further to the global trend of using wastes as secondary resources, also in the Czech and Slovak Republic there is an emphasis on the new benefication of wastes in terms of their further utilization and recycling in technological processes. The utilization of wastes does not only broaden the raw material base, but it also helps to save the primary sources of minerals as well as there are lower costs of waste transport, dumping and disposal thanks to their complex utilization. The paper deals with the application o...

Feldspar ores occur usually together with quartz, micaceous minerals and some amount of coloured impurities. For fu rther utilization of feldspar is necessary to effectively remove colouring gangue minerals. The main me thod of feldspar ores treatment is froth flotation. In this paper the emphasis is put on efficiency of pH changes and varied dosages of flotation reagents in application of laboratory flotation.

This paper presents a new approach to evaluation of coal with implementation microwave extraction. It is know from literature that coal is a chemically and physically extremely complex and heterogeneous material, consisting of organic (carbon) and inorganic (minerals) constituents. Our attention was intent on the study of influence of Soxhlet and microwave-assisted extraction in the open-vessel and closed-vessel system, respectively. The microwave extraction (MAE) was realised in microwave furnace with using diffe...

Remote sensing is a useful tool for a ssessing, monitoring and conservation of groundwater with advantages of spatial and te mporal availability of data from the large and inaccessible areas. Hydroge ological characteristics of a region are derived by surface indicators-geological features, geomorphology, hydrology, vegetation, land use. The paper deals with geological element as a factor influencing the hydrological and hydrogeological processes in the basin and adjacent areas Dambovicioara. Complexity of data pr...

The technogenic deposit “Slag Depot 1“ was formed by many decades dumping with content of significant amounts of copper, gold, silver and other useful components. As the copper percentage in the ore, whic h is now mined at the open pits within RTB Bor Group, is significantly lower than in the technogenic deposit, its mining and reprocessing have started in 2002. Considering that it is a technogenic deposit, a specific technology of its excavation was previously used, and the same is described in this paper, wi...

GIS (Geographic Information Systems) is an organized collection, comprising of hardware, software, data and staff for: acquisition, pre- analysis and selection, sorting, processing and storing, updating, global or/and thematic analysis, displaying domain specific spatial informati on. The informational system regarding the complex information activities for the development of management process represents the entirety of sources, procedures and means through which information is processed inside that activity. Th ...

The soils in the study area Zemianske Kostolany were polluted with fly ash material after dam failure of the coal-ash pond (1965). Fly ash represents possible source of potentially toxic elements, because meteoric water or groundwater may percolate through and interact with the ash materials in soils, producing leachates that contain elevated levels of trace elements, in our case, arsenic. The main objective of this study was to assess the potential of arsenic releas e into the environment. Amount of released arse...

Basic results of many-years complex geomechanic research experiments carried out in Far Eastern Russian mines and aimed at a problem of rock – burst are given in the paper. Methods and approaches to rock – burst assessment are reported, some regularities of an ultimate - strained rock massif behavior and prognostic criteria of sorting of massif sections to a category of hazard regarding dynamical rock pressure appearances are considered. The paper includes four figures and 13 references.

Urban air quality in devel oping countries has decrease because of population density, industrialization and energy consumption. In th is study, the air quality of Bilecik city in Turkey was evaluated by using the cluster an alysis. The analysis wa s applied to the air pollution data such as total suspended particle and sulphur dioxide (SO2). Single linkage cluster method grouped three years air pollution data into two clusters under similarity. Based on the years of the mean concentratio ns of parameters, it was ...