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The aim of this paper is to present a detailed method for exhaust gases recirculation system (EGR) diagnostics for a compression ignition engine. In this paper, we analyzed the gas index coefficient, Kmax [m-1], using a Johnson Controls пїЅ Ultimax 600 opacimeter while the vehicle was in static state but at different engine speeds. The minimal rotation speed, nmin, had a value of 822 [rpm] while the maximum, nmax, 5006 [rpm]. In this case, was used the absorption process for measuring. The dynamic test imply using...

Modern buildings require energy-efficient heating and cooling method for the both parts of the system, the heating/cooling source and the heating/cooling distribution system. Modern heating and cooling systems typically combine a reversible heat pump with a low temperature radiant system. Thermally activated building systems (TABS) use the large thermal mass of concrete from building structure as a buffer for lowering the cooling and heating loads during the day. In this paper we illustrate the floor covering infl...

Wet ageing is the most commonly used ageing sistem by the meat industry to improve tenderness, which results in a more homogeneous product with high consumer acceptability. The aim of this study is to determine the influence of wet ageing duration on beef quality characteristics, at refrigeration temperatures (0 - 5пїЅC). The meat samples were kept under refrigeration conditions for 2, 7, 12, 17, 21 days. After each period, there were monitored: the textural parameters (hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, cohesiv...

In the context of deregulated energy market, energy companies need a flexible and efficient framework for energy trading. Along with concerns regarding environment issues, deregulation determined an increased share of sm all and medium renewable energy power plants. With these came along challenges in operation regarding their variability and the lack of central monitoring. Aggregation of distributed energy sources led to the concept of virtual power plant, which brings ad advantages as a better control of product...

The paper deals with the implementation of photovoltaic system in specific extraterrestrial area. It is focused on proposal of photovoltaic system for new international space station. Authors use in the analysis knowledge of NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) space researches, information about of ISS (International Space Station) and proposal of first piece of new space station situated in cislunar area (space between Earth and Moon). Analysis of space deals with finding suitable location for ne...

The present study investigates and evaluates the frequency of emerging extreme wind-induced water level fluctuations, which line up with the marks пїЅadverse eventпїЅ and пїЅdangerous eventпїЅ. The method we applied involved statistics throughout 1972-2016. Standard observation data from hydrometer stations of the Sea of Azov were processed. The study provides the strong evidence that this period had abnormal level activity: ? annual cycle of level had marks above the average sea level datum; rising tide was 0,19 ...

Based on a previous research, a thermal bimorph actuator was used for a development of a micromirror element. An existing technological process for the manufacturing of IC was used as base for micromirror. An analysis of the available construction materials was made, on the basis of which a choice was made for silicon as the main material for the micromirror, aluminum as the reflective coating and the first element of the bimorph beam, and silicon dioxide as the second element of the bimorph beam. ? polysilicon he...

The article defines the subject of facility management and its possible application in the operation of water supply networks. The operation of structures for water supply is not a simple matter, and it is tied down with the responsibility to guarantee trouble-free and safe operation with limited financial means. Reliability, Facility Management and water supply networks are supported by Czech technical standards. We are going to include some of them, as well as some important concepts, terms, and links of Facilit...

Nowadays, the prices of the plots or the building sites grow and on the most they are defined as price per cubic meter. Although the fact, that the prices are growing extremely, areas in cadastre of real estates are not obligatory. The paper aims with the differences, which are resulting from the legislation and are focused on growing measurement precision necessity. The differences in the way of the break points measurement and better precision at all are applied on different plots. The paper is interested in rel...

On the territory of the Volga-Ural oil and gas province in the Permian sediments are concentrated significant resources of bitumen-containing rocks, which are of interest as a source of unconventional oil. In this connection, it is very important to clarify the conditions for the formation of bituminous strata and their productive areas. High efficiency in the study of oil-bearing rocks has radio-spectroscopic methods for determining the structure of the oil deposit and the nature of its oil and bitumen saturation...

Unique reservoir of Kazakhstan is a reservoir-cooler of Ekibastuz GRES-1, located on the territory of Pavlodar region in 17 km to North-East from Ekibastuz town. It was founded in 1979 in the washed basin of former bitter-salty lake Zhengeldy by filling with fresh water from the Irtysh-Karaganda canal. Currently, water of reservoir is used for technical supply of the power plant, and in the future, it will be used for fish farming and irrigation purposes. The results of many years of comprehensive experimental fie...

State entrepreneurship and state marketing are the key forms of the state participation in national economy. Within their frames there is a distribution of the resources directed to the maintenance and development of infrastructure, implementation of social obligations and state programs. One of the instruments of state entrepreneurship is the procurement system provided with target budgetary financing by executive authorities. Introduction into the system of state and municipal management the methodology of proje...

The rivers of the Northern part of European territory of Russia (ETR) contain large amounts of organic matter. This is due to natural features of the area (short cool summer, high wetlands, large areas of forests and features of soil formation), and to specificity of the anthropogenic impact. One of the largest rivers of the Northern ETR is the Northern Dvina River, flowing into the Dvina Bay of the White Sea. A general study of the organic carbon content in the bottom sediment of the Northern Dvina River mouth ar...

Development of Fibre Engineered Cementitious Materials with Self-Healing Capacity (SH-FECM) was an important goal of the recent research programmes conducted in NIRD пїЅURBAN-INCERCпїЅ Cluj-Napoca Branch. Several theoretical and experimental studies were performed in order to improve the composites, considering both, fresh and hardened state properties and also the performance as filling material of the narrow spaces at the beam to column interface within the Hybrid spatial joint model [1]. Present studies are foc...

The paper deals with the oil recovery problem, research methods for heterogeneity parameter determination in oil-bearing horizons and its influence on the reservoir porosity and permeability. The article describes the author's lithologic-and-petrophysic anisotropy detection method. This method allows quantifying the directions, quantities, the lateral heterogeneity influence probability in the reservoir and takes into account its possible manifestation in the field development process. For measuring magnetic susce...

The research-development activity has not been quite adequately financed in Romania over the last few years. Annual financing programs and multiannual programs were issued (NPRDI I пїЅ [National Plan for Research, Development and Innovation]), and, as of 2007, together with RomaniaпїЅs adherence to the European Union, an effort was made to align the financing programs of this activity to the UnionпїЅs programs. Thus, beginning with the Seventh Framework Program (FP7), the National Plan for Research- Development an...

The bioactive compounds in apples and pears might confer many health protective benefits by improving oxidative stress, on the other hand in case of higher than the admitted values, Heavy metals could affect health. Apple and pears are members of the Rosaceae (Rose) family, known for their pomaceous fruits. The aim of this study was to describe the quality traits, the level of antioxidant activity and polyphenol content of some apples and pears available on the Romanian market as well as the heavy metals concentra...

Fatigue damage is determined from time signals of loading, usually in the form of stress or strain. However, there are many design scenarios when the loading, or fatigue damage process, cannot easily be defined using time signals. In these cases the design/operation engineer usually has to use a test based approach to evaluate the fatigue life of the structure or the component. Alternatively, a frequency based fatigue calculation can be used where the loading and response are represented using Power Spectral Densi...

Maps are the fundamental documents supporting the process of crisis management. It is important that the events formed on them were presented in the most credible and legible way. Legible, meaning that they should depict credible spatial information on the basis of presented spatial data. Only such formulation guarantees aid of the highest quality and organisation of actions during crisis situations. They also constitute extremely valuable content showing spatial location of the threats which have already occurred...

In particular, Sub-Sahara Africa and UgandaпїЅs energy sector is dominated by biomass, which contributes over 90% of the total expendable energy. Herein firewood and charcoal contribute more than 85%. The main use of biomass energy is cooking and or heating either as firewood or charcoal majorly by local households. There is also huge demand from commercial activities such as the production of bricks and some factories. In many areas, biomass continues to be the energy source of choice due to unavailability or una...

The north-western and western coast of the Black Sea, corresponding to Romania and Bulgaria, is subject of crustal deformations due to remote effects produced by geological processes ran at planetary (e.g. plate tectonics in the Atlantic and Eastern Mediterranean-Anatolia realms) and regional (e.g. the tectonic coupling of the Black Sea basin and Vrancea seismogenic area) scales as well as due to relatively local geological processes (e.g. subsidence of sedimentary basins, young sediments compaction, etc.). The ge...

Close-range photogrammetry (CRP) represents very perspective technology for many fields. It can provide results comparable to terrestrial laser scanning, and the hardware is still much cheaper. Our research group is developing low-cost CRP device based on Raspberry Pi 3 computer. Raspberry Pi 3 is a single-board computer with relatively high computing power and low price. In connection with a touchscreen, Pi Camera module v2.1 (Sony IMX219, 8Mpx) and powerbank it becomes a portable device for imagery. Continuous s...

The main purpose of the construction of flood protection measure is to protect the urban area. Flood strategy should cover the entire river basin area and promote the coordinated development and management of actions regarding water, land and related resources. Structural measures (defence structures) will remain important elements and should primarily focus on the protection of human health and safety, and valuable goods and property. Intensive rainfall and springпїЅs snow melting occurrence leads to floods almos...

Floods are natural catastrophes which cause environmental and structural damages as also casualties. There is growing concern that flooding is becoming more frequent and severe not only in Europe but also in the whole world. This study investigates changes in trends and seasonality of annual peak-discharges for 51 mid-sized Slovakian gauging stations with the lengths of observations of 46 years. The area of selected catchments varies from 19 km2 to 295 km2. Seasonality of maximum annual peak-discharges is determin...

We analyzed the dynamics of Lake Teletskoye water level and attempted to use data on bottom sediment geochemistry in combination with Siberian larch (Larix sibirica) tree-ring width chronology to reconstruct it for late Holocene. In particular, we studied the links among the water level characteristics, precipitation amount, bottom sediment geochemistry, and tree-ring width chronology available for Russian Altai. A correlation analysis revealed the annual water level fluctuations to correlate closely with mean ann...

The focal mechanism and rupture directivity for intermediate-depth earthquakes occurred in the Vrancea source (Romania) are determined using FMNEAR algorithm [1]. The method is based on the waveform inversion of near-source seismic waveforms and on a linear finite source model. When the FMNEAR algorithm is started the first parameters that are determined are the moment magnitude (Mw), the double couple focal mechanism (strike, dip, rake) and the distribution of seismic moment along strike. This provides a first or...

Food security has been and continues to be a current topic given the fact that, it stands at the base of all issues related of human existence. In this respect it is necessary to analyze the idea of food security on the two levels closely correlated, meaning the qualitative level and quantitative level. Quantitative aspect aimed the insurance of food necessary to meet the physiological needs of the population from the bottom of Maslow pyramid and converging towards meeting other needs found on top of the pyramid s...

The research presented in this article is concentrated on developing a series of instruments in order to include modular design in producing customized footwear for the elderly women. For those who live longer, it is important that they stay healthy, active and independent and, as a consequence, it reflects in the market growth of the industry producing goods for the elderly, the footwear industry as well. The loss of the ability to walk due to foot problem, not only produces physical limitations, but also has a s...

In water scarce districts of the Akmola region the areas were revealed, perspective for carrying out exploration on underground waters and the card of forecast resources of underground waters of the Akmola region of scale 1:1 000 000 is constituted. As the main methods of researches are used: decryption of satellite images using cloudless fragments of space pictures of Landsat-8 from 2013 for 2016. In case of decryption of satellite images of the Akmola region comic pictures of the territory on 6 sites are process...

Decades are mining raw materials from seabed deposits. We are talking about deposits which are on the interface of land and sea. These are placer deposits as heavy metals and gemstones, secondary deposits of limestone, phosphorus, salt and also beach deposits on the edge of the continents. In this article, the authors want to become familiar with both forecasting utilization of selected earth resources, but also want to point out new trends in obtaining them. In this article, we have a broad spectrum of earth reso...

Key element of any soil environmental monitoring is correct reference site. In such big object of monitoring as Moscow megalopolis it cannot be only one reference site but in any case their number must be very limited and each monitoring site have to be very well validated by the previous monitoring investigated data. One of the best candidate for official local reference site of soil environmental monitoring in the northern part of Moscow is the central core of the Forest Experimental Station of the Russian Timir...

Industrial history of many places still interacts with the present time. Ostrava (Czech Republic) as former industrial city is a typical example of problems and barriers which can be found in process of regeneration, revitalization or redevelopment of areas used formerly for heavy industry. The article is focused on retrospective description of development of areas which can be known as backfields or mega sites. The article will be focused on five areas for which there are expectations and likely huge potential fo...

The main goal was to define basic forms of propagation oriented at internet media and mainly for propagation oriented at social media for product entering at market. Nowadays, social media represent important marketing channel appropriate almost for every products at market. The advantage of propagation on social networks is low financing cost, what is good mainly for companies which are not so known at market. Because of that, we should consider social networks as information channel rather than means which will ...

Both complicated dissolution processes and different patterns of fossilsпїЅ distribution may be expected in carbonate hydrocarbon reservoirs. Therefore, this paper aims to precisely locate such places using few independent analytical tools. Five carbonate samples from the Permian Bro?sko Reef (Western Poland) were studied in a form of both thin sections and cylindrical core samples. The latter were subjected to Computed Microtomography (?CT) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) experiments. While the ?CT helped to...

The Fourier two-dimensional series is used for classification of surface irregularities of rock joints. The expansion coefficients of this series are employed to form an absolute indicator of waviness of joint rock surfaces. The indicator serves for classification of surface irregularity of rock joints. The method has been applied to several real rock samples and the results are presented in the form of graphs. A similar visual comparison is often performed in geotechnical practice when joint rock coefficients are...

In recent years there was a development in fractal geometry. Existing possibilities are enormous -fractal geometry was used with success in many scientific fields. One of these fields was to use fractal geometry as a tool in order to describe morphology characteristics of solid phase contained in various suspensions of miscellaneous origins. There are multiple different sources from which solid phase of suspensions can originate. Solid phase can be derived from industry (e.g. steel industry, metallurgy or mineral ...

Form-found designs are evolving structures reflecting material and structural behaviors and environmental context by utilizing prevalent winds, radiation, and temperature. The paper applies case study analysis of free-form wooden architectural envelopes designed by Renzo Piano Building Workshop, which improve the energy performance of the buildings. The use of digitally designed and manufactured structural wood can radically reduce the amount of energy consumed by materials used in building during whole life cycle...

Establishment of regular river sediment monitoring, in addition to water monitoring, is very important, as geochemical data of sediments are very significant for environmental impact assessment. First scientific investigations of sediments in Croatia started in the Krka River estuary in 1989, while first systematic research of a river basin in Croatia was performed in the Kupa River drainage basin in 2005. In 2008, Croatian water authorities (Hrvatske Vode) started a preliminary sediment monitoring program. Since ...

Transport means play an important role in extraction and processing of raw materials. Their use is economically connected with several cost items that significantly affect whole process efficiency. Generally costs associated with mining road haulage can be divided into two major categories of the variable and fixed costs. From above mentioned dividing is necessary to pay particular attention to variable costs, which are influenced by the size of individual transport activities. Among the most important items inclu...

Construction and demolition materials are generated when existing buildings are demolished. The concrete / masonry recycled aggregates can be used within trench reinstatement works. The aim of conducted experiment is to find a methodology for evaluating the effect of backfill compaction works via dynamic penetration tests (DPT). The first part of paper describes construction of testing pit located in research center AdMaS (Czech Republic). The paper continues then with the description of compaction and testing pro...

Industrial ventilation is an extremely complex area and involving deep knowledge of fluid dynamics in the modern version (CFD), three-dimensional propagation of heat, complex flow of fluids, steady state in transient conditions, operating problems, contaminants inside the industrial objective, and outside respectively. Ventilation and air-conditioning installations in industrial conditions are designed to ensure the purity of the air and the corresponding inside environment for man's activity and the nature of the...

One of the newest trends in tourism are constantly expanding offers in special forms of tourism. These offers include industrial tourism, which is in boom not only in Czech Republic, but also in Europe. Industrial tourism represents new phenomenon, which appears related with industrial heritage and can be used for purpose of tourism. The main purpose and idea of industrial tourism is to mediate customer integrated look into industrial development of the region. What is for local resident ordinary, can be for visit...

Anthocyanins are known as safe colouring materials, although they have poor stability which often limits their use. To solve this drawback, mesoporous silica with high surface area was used as an adsorbent for anthocyanins. This study proposes the enhancement of the anthocyanins photo stability by their incorporation into the pores of mesoporous silica containing various metal ions. The anthocyanins were adsorbed on the silica by pouring a highly-concentrated anthocyanins solution to the dried silica. Improved sta...

Due to the continuously growing of industrialization and businesses in this new era of globalization the interaction with society and the environment put unknown marks on both sides. Human development through industrialization, especially in the twentieth century, represents an intrusion into the overall balance that maintains the earth as a habitable place. Interaction between industry and the environment tends to become increasingly complex. Efforts improving human standard living, through the control of nature ...

In the past decades, cities have become the engines of national economic growth. Globalization has a significant effect on urban areas, forcing them to compete for international business with other cities around the world and their countries. It is estimated that by 2050, more than 80% of the worldпїЅs population will live in urban areas. In order to meet the environmental challenges posed by this changes, cities will need to reduce pollution levels and use resources more efficiently. It will need reliable tools t...

The results of Chembursky lake, Vityazevsky, Kiziltashsky and Bugazsky coastal salt lakes expeditionary research are observed, aimed to examine the allocation of methane and sulfur sulfide (total sulfide) according to the vertical cut of bottom sediments (sulfidic muds), and also the value of Eh and pH. pH and Eh values in the examined horizons of coastal salt lakes bottom sediments vary correspondingly in the limits from 7.33пїЅ8.06 and -198пїЅ-2.5 mV, in the Chembursky lake sediments пїЅ 7.47пїЅ7.64 ? -78пїЅ+46 ...

In structural engineering of various reconstructions, it is very often necessary to monitor the stress level in the structure. Measurement of strain is then used to analyse additional load effects for which the structures were not designed. Such tasks are particularly challenging in-situ, where the measuring system is exposed to extreme conditions that are vastly different compared to the laboratory setting. The proper choice of sensors is necessary in order to achieve relevant results, but the quality of the desi...

We aimed at identifying the microbial response and associated release of CO2 and CH4 in/from thawing soil that has been permanently frozen. For that we performed an in situ field-based incubation experiment in a rim of ice-wedge polygon on Samoylov island, Lena Delta, Russia (72пїЅ22пїЅN, 126пїЅ28пїЅE). Frozen "buried' organic matter were taken from eroded Lena river bank and transferred to the soil surface in a rim of ice-wedge polygon. The principle includes that formerly frozen soil is moved to the active layer...

The aim of the research is to return the disturbed lands of mining landscapes to the biosphere foundation in the light of modern knowledge of the role of Earth's soil shell in maintaining the stable state of the biosphere. The methodology has been substantiated and the technology of restoration of disturbed lands (ecological restoration) has been developed in accordance with the concept of natural soil-formation, which is based on the principle of self-organization of natural systems. The data of the long-term mon...

Economic gentrification means bringing more material value to a specific area by increasing its attractiveness and upgrading it. In the case of small deposits with permanently discontinued exploitation (only historical significance) and scarce resources, it is more socially and economically efficient to withdraw the deposits from the balance of mineral resources and enable changes in the management of the area. As a result, it is more possible to introduce different post mining deposit developments, such as using ...