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Shut-off valve is an important element concerning operation of the main oil pipeline. It has a major role in technical process and elimination of emergency situations. There is a necessity to raise the level of work efficiency of shut-off valve with the purpose of increasing pipeline serviceability. As a rule, electrical drive is used for operation of shut-off valve in oil transportation. According to this we have an urgent problem of electrical drive breakage caused by electric power supply interruption. It is a ...

The paper concerns the pores systems characterization of the Miocene mudstone samples provided by mercury injection capillary pressure (MICP) method. This analysis is the progressive intrusion of mercury into a porous structure under stringently controlled pressure. Since mercury does not wet most substances and does not spontaneously penetrate pores by capillary action, it must be forced into the pores by the application of external pressure. The required equilibrated pressure is inversely proportional to the siz...

The aim of this article is to study astronomical refraction anomalies. Back in 1925 Grachev and Banahevich found systematic errors in meridian observations depending on zenithal distance. Grachev suggested that these refraction anomalies arise from the inclination of the Earth's surface to the South. The airstratas of the same density were considered as parallel to the Earth's surface. But the analysis of latitude observations from the Bamberg and ZTL-180 telescopes showed there were significant systematic errors ...

The article discusses the method of the estimation of the permissible degree of the deflection of the spine and of bias of vertebrae. The proposed method is based on measurement of steering angles and degree of deviation of vertebrae by accelerometric transducers, application of neural network algorithms of the processing of capture data for adapt of the system of the diagnostics and of the rehabilitation under patients with different physiological characteristics and disorders of the spine and musculoskeletal sys...

The article shows methodology and principles of the system monitoring and integrated assessment of forestlands on the basis of the submission of such lands as a source of biological resources (including wood) and also as environment-forming and social functions source. Systematic monitoring of forestland is expressed in observations, assessment (in physical indicators) and prediction of all its natural resources potential. Scientific principles for a comprehensive assessment of forestlands include justification fo...

In this publication were presented the methods of designing the natural cultural skeleton areal structure of a set of certain landscape elements. The methods are based on extrapolation the statements of island biogeography conception to the field of conservation planning of the territory. The sites of wetlands located on the areas of пїЅwild natureпїЅ were taken in the capacity of areal elements. The methods suggest the formation of an optimal protective zone around every wetland. The size of the protective zone c...

Podhale (S Poland) is one of the most promising regions in the country in terms of its geothermal resource potential. The use of geothermal waters for heating purposes commenced there in the beginning of the 1990s. The Podhale region provides excellent conditions for the use of geothermal energy, such as a well-developed infrastructure for the heating industry, recreation, balneotherapy and other applications. The assessment of the geothermal potential should always take an accurate identification of the geologica...

For a long time, coal mining in the Eastern Donbass was the most powerful factor affecting the natural environment. The most significant were the natural underground and surface waters. Their pollution was due to mixing with highly mineralized man-made mine waters, which seeped through the rock mass, polluting the underground hydrosphere, and at the same time, as a result of pumping out of mines, fell into rivers. As a result of the closure of most coal mines in the region in the 1990s, the processes of hydrospher...

The need to improve the quality of water in the metropolitan area Galati-Braila is the direct result of RomaniaпїЅs engagement to comply with the European legislation regarding the continuous monitoring of water quality through the permanent control of the bacterial and physical-chemical parameters, not only in the water destined for human consumption, but also in the water drained in the rivers of the region. The water needed for the urban area Galati-Braila comes from the Danube, and in this geographical segment...

This study aimed to assess the potential of renewable energy resources in Romania and the potential of distorting the energy resources consumption. In this respect, the authors compared the status of Romania with the status of two other countries, Estonia and Croatia, selected as their development of resource use productivity compared with the GDP expressed in euros, with 2010 as the reference year, is the closest to the growth Romania saw in 2000-2015. By considering, as measures, the average GDP in constant pric...

Metakaoline is a relatively new pozzolanic additive, obtained by calcination of kaolin clay at relatively low temperatures. Themselves pozzolanic additives are known for a very long time. Currently, there is interest to pozzolanic materials again, because their usage allows reducing the total environmental impact and cost of cement. The influence of metakaoline on hydration and hardening of cement was studied. The usage of metakaoline as the additive to cement composition increases the strength of cement stone. Be...

The EUпїЅs concentration limit for discharge from wastewater treatment plants is 1 or 2 mg P/dm3 for total phosphorus, signifying a P removal of 80% or more, in order to protect the environment, in sensitive areas which are subject to eutrophication. A membrane bioreactor (MBR) can bused for wastewater treatment, transforming it into reusable water when a tertiary treatment such as nanofiltration (NF) is applied. This step produces a concentrated waste stream. Membrane bioreactors (MBR) permeates are a potentially...

The occurrence of nonconformities in prosthetics or medical instruments as a result of the manufacturing process or final machining (finishing) may lead to the decision of not using them in the medical process. The present paper aims to analyze the welding reconditioning possibilities in order to ensure the necessary geometrical characteristics, using the method of finite element analysis (FEA), of the interlocking intramedullary nail prosthetics made of titanium or titanium alloys. After identifying the nonconfor...

With clastic sedimentary rocks associated deposits of ore, oil-and-gas, coal and non-metallic minerals. They are located in a variety of different age strata structural-tectonic stages. Sedimentary rocks composing these fields are often framework rocks or minerals themselves are economic minerals. Depending on the age and affinity to specific structural and tectonic tier breeds are in various stages of the penecontemporaneous transformation. By the degree of transformation of organic matter in the clastic rocks ca...

This article deals with the currently often discussed issue of the regeneration of brownfields. Brownfields sites can be found in every city or municipality, whether it is a small or large municipality or a big city. The introductory part of this article will summarize the key findings about these areas, including a presentation of the most appropriate ways of addressing their reuse. The issue of technical infrastructure will not be disregarded in this introductory part, since quality restoration cannot do without...

The article presents the genesis of safety assessment of LNG tankers, along with safety criteria. The utilitarian need to carry out simulation research risk assessment in respect of a LNG carrier manoeuvring in restricted areas has been justified . As a standard vessel an oil tanker has been assumed meeting the authorisation requirements of the the selected LNG terminal. The shipпїЅs operational conditions have been identified and correlated with the manoeuvres in the terminalпїЅs area. The mathematical models of ...

This study is focused on the flotation of scheelite (CaWO4) ore with a sample from OchtinпїЅ, Slovakia. Scheelite as an important tungsten - bearing mineral is often nowadays treated mainly by froth flotation. Such a treatment of scheelite mineral includes crushing, grinding and sorting, followed by gravity separation which is a very significant process for obtaining marketable grade mineral concentrates. A significant step is flotation processing which is based on the difference in chemical and physical propertie...

The publication presents an assessment of the possibility of obtaining char from fly and fluidised ashes from coal combustion. It also presents the methodology of measuring the concentration of char in fly ashes as well as the method developed for separating char grains from fly ash samples. The research conducted has shown that both fly and fluidised ashes contain large quantities of unburnt coal grains, which can be used as a substitute in obtaining artificial graphite through the processes of graphitisation. Th...

In the power plants where coal combustion is used to produce electricity and heat, solid combustion products are produced, i.e. furnace waste (ashes and slags) and waste from waste gas extraction. The amount of ash or slag depends on the quality of the coal and the ash content. To get 1 kWh of electricity it is produced from 60 to 200 g of waste. Only in 1989 in Poland, the energy industry produced 23.8 million Mg of waste. Only 4 million Mg of these waste (in the building materials industry) was used, while 19.8 ...

In order to determine the dependencies between the chemical indices of the soils of the automorphic series and the results of spectrographic analysis, the field survey with HandHeld2 spectrograph was conducted at cleaned surfaces of the soil sections at soil sampling site. Data for zonal soils of Chuvash Republic (podzolic chernozem, dark grey forest soils, typical grey forest soils and light grey forest soils) with different erosion degree were obtained. The results of agrochemical inspection were analyzed along ...

The adsorption excretion of Hg, As, and Cu ions from aqueous solutions at 22пїЅ0.5пїЅC on zeolite (Sokirnitskoe deposit, Transcarpathia) and smectite clay (Kamalinskoye deposit, Krasnoyarsk region) were studied. The adsorption processes were studied in the static regime at pH?2. Parameters such as, the time of equilibrium establishment, the ratio "sorbent - solution" were selected experimentally. All samples were filtered through a 0.2 ?m membrane using syringes. The samples for Hg were selected strictly in teflon...

In urban environment the local areas or neighborhoods are multidimensional phenomenon consisting of social, physical, political and economic aspects. The main goal of the neighborhood development is to create conditions for sustainable socio - economic and spatial policy implementation within the city administrative territory as well as to improve urban development planning and the quality of life. Population satisfaction with local public services such as open space is an important factor of sustainable spatial d...

Experience shows that last year marked by economic sector tourism is the fastest growing because it provides more than 6% of global and 13% of consumer spending. The tourism industry relies on tourism's role in economic, psychological, social created. For many regions, countries, tourism is seen as a panacea for economic recovery and raising incomes of local communities, firms. In this context, an imbalance between profit / responsibility / environmental sensitivity, which can lead to an offensive of governments a...

Computer simulation is substitution of original object by another one in order to obtain information about the most important properties of the original object using the object model. Depending on the purpose, the simulation can be made on two levels: on the qualitative and quantitative. Accordingly, descriptive or constructive models are used. Mathematical modeling is always performed quantitatively using design patterns. This article describes the modeling of computer networks and their parameterization. One of ...

Within an expeditionary study, conducted in the south-eastern part of the Romanian Plain and central and southern Dobrogea, soil samples (0-20 cm) under the maize during the growing phase of 4-7 pairs of leaves, have been collected. The investigation methodology included three methods: determining the soil content of mobile Zn, soluble in CH3COONH4-EDTA solution at pH 7, calculating the values of the reaction-mobile phosphates index (RMPI) and of the zinc deficiency index (ZnDI), in order to establish the probabil...

One of the problems of Russian enterprises that independently control the oil pollution of circulating water and wastewater is the availability of appropriate analyzers. However, they should not burden the budget of an average enterprise. Two types of analyzers are considered in work: IR analyzers and fluorescent analyzers. The studies were carried out on standard samples. It is shown that for IR analyzers the deviation of the obtained results from the calculated value does not exceed 3% of the relative. The obtai...

The results of rooting cuttings of Bougainvillea spectabilis which were planted in substrates of sand, peat, perlite and peat + perlite treated with rhyzogene substances named Atonik and Radistim. This study was conducted in the closed greenhouse from the Faculty of Horticulture and Forestry in Timisoara, for the rooting place had been utilized crates with the size of 50x30 cm and they were filled with substrate of sand, peat, perlite, perlite + peat, and then were planted cuttings of Bougainvillea spectabilis tha...

The article deals with the structural design of the test equipment for analysis of coatings for hose conveyor belt conveyors. Processed list of existing test facilities in the world. Currently, there are various devices for testing materials using a bi-axial tension. The measuring device of its own production to measure axial forces in the conveyor belt, pipe conveyor is also the Technical University of Kosice. On it is possible to perform various tests conveyor belts by means of which the various measurements and...

The paper presents research conducted in the city of Tyumen as a large Siberian industrial center to understand the factors of quality of the social space development. The development of Russian cities is carried out, chaotically, but not systematically. The main tools for the development of urban spaces are territorial planning, urban policy, where the social factor plays a non-primary role. It was shown that urban space should meet the needs of residents, not only from the point of view of infrastructure and hou...

This study aims to highlight the relations established between the vegetal organisms and the soil (the edaphic factor). Most terrestrial plants use the soil both as their support, where they can settle themselves, and to obtain the water and the mineral salts needed in the process sinthesizing the organic substance. The roots system has a characteristic shape, depending on the species, on the substratum and on the plantпїЅs dimensions. After having studied the specialized bibliography and after having completed th...

The data recorded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) have led to the cataloguing of the year 2016 as the warmest year on worldwide meteorological records. The two previous records listed were the years 2014 and 2015. Phenomena like El Nino and La Nina are responsible for the cooling or heating of the upper tropical zone of the Pacific Ocean. This causes variations in global wind patterns and weather, thus leading to short-term ...

Importance of cadastral maps in today's society cannot be doubted. Maps are a key component of cadastral documentation пїЅ they provide geometric and positional determination of the property and are the basis for reconstruction пїЅ setting-out of a lot boundary. They increase the trustworthiness of cadastral data. The fact that cadastral maps are in vector form, does not guarantee their accuracy and quality. The user must be extremely cautious when a digital image of the map is interpreted. Article is knowledge ba...

The abundance of invasive plant species in the riverbank vegetation negatively affects the integrity, structure and function of the natural ecosystems. Invasive plant species are stressors for plant communities and they change their species compositions. This leads to species deprivation and homogenised regional flora. The Czech legislation defines invasive organisms as harmful organisms that are allochthones for a locality, which having been introduced into the locality are able to negatively influence plants or ...

The development of oil deposits in the Republic of Tatarstan is entering a late stage. Deposits of natural bitumen of Cheremshano-Yamashinskaya structural zone, in particular, Ashalchinskoye, Mordovo-Karmalskoye and others, were studied. For their development requires the use of active methods пїЅ method of thermal (steam-thermal) impact. The use of method is limited by the stability conditions of its fluid seals. Fluid seals are the layers of пїЅlingul clayпїЅ пїЅ deposits of the Kazanian stage. They are represen...

Mining and chemical industry is a source of significant anthropogenic impact on natural components. Industrial wastes of Rozdil state mining and chemical enterprise (SMCE) пїЅSirkaпїЅ are one of the sources of environmental pollution, including soils and the water environment. The enterprise is located in the West of Ukraine (Lviv region). It poses an environmental hazard to the Dniester River and surrounding settlements. Large-tonnage wastes like phosphogypsum (over 3 million tons) were formed on its territory in...

The paper discusses current mineralization in the small closed lake Skalistoe, located in the territory of Olkhon region (western Baikal area), characterized by the semiarid climate. To analyze the mineral phases formed on unattached algal-bacterial formations (the atmosphere-water interface), submerged algae and macrophytes (water-bottom sediment), and bottom sediments, we used the methods of X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and electron microscopy. It was found out that the minerals deposited during the...

Villages and rural settlements are an integral part of the Czech landscape. The colonization of the Czech lands has an ancient tradition but the role that the small municipalities play in the territory is very variable. This article aim is to describe the historical development of selected small towns. Each one is representing different production area in the South Bohemian region. Besides assessing their area, functional use of individual parts of the towns and the demographic composition, there will be also asse...

In recent years the small hydrographical basins were affected by numerous extreme hydrological events. Genesis of floods from these hydrographical basins is linked primarily by climatic conditions and other factors such as: geology, soil by its temperature and its humidity, vegetation, topography trough slopes, shape and surface of the hydrographical basin, which influence the concentration time and water volume. Mike She model is able to simulate the entire stream flow. This paper is using Mike She Model for runo...

Forest resource is the most important natural resource. The Leningrad Region is one of the most developed subjects of the Russian Federation according to economic indicators. Logging, wood processing and timber exports are carried out in the region due to the reserves of forest resources. The consumption of forest resources should not exceed the productive natural forces. Improving forest management, ensuring rational use of forests, maintaining the ecological potential of the forest fund are essential aims. The s...

An important feature of the small rivers in the fact that they are the starting point of the river network, and any changes that occur in their mode, will marked on the hydrological chain. Small rivers form the water resources of medium and large rivers, hydrochemical water quality and creating lands large areas. Object is a small river Mertvovod in Mykolaiv region (Ukraine). Purpose is an environmental analysis of the state of the Mertvovod River, to determine and analyze possible impacts on the state of the wate...

The main purpose of this article is to reveal the age of Alibonca Formation and Malatya Volcanites, their formational environment and the contact relationship between these two units. The units that cropped out in the study area are Keban Metamorphites (Permo-Trias), Alibonca Formation (Lower Miocene), Malatya Volcanites (Lower-Upper Miocene), Meteristepe formation (Lower Pleistocene), Yoncal? formation (Upper Pleistocene), talus and alluviums (Holocene-current). Alibonca Formation is composed of medium-thick bedd...

Changes in group chemical composition in the modification processes are not dependent just on physical and chemical characteristics of bitumen, but rather on structural features of raw material composition and its modification products. The investigation of bitumen is difficult due to formation of paraffinic, naphthenic and aromatic group combinations. The result of modification is bitumen transformation, and this phenomenon is observed by quantitative change in structural fragment content. One of the most informa...

Based on the recent geological mapping campaign, 2D seismic profiles, well data and regional correlations, a structural framework of the western part of the Polish Outer Carpathians have been established. The proposed structural model differs from the ones that so far have been accepted in the literature. Our interpretation of available seismic data as well as regional outlook suggests that Cretaceous to Oligocene deposits of the Silesian Unit terminates abruptly to the south and does not continue beneath the Magu...

The article outlines the results of magnetizing roasting of manganiferous technogenic raw materials investigation, which were conducted to study the process of magnetizing roasting of пїЅTurпїЅ deposit manganiferous sludge. Magnetizing roasting of sludge was carried out, size of 0.045-0.315 mm. During the process of magnetizing roasting, the coal of Shubarkol class -3 + 2 mm was used. According to the analysis, Shubarkul coal has the following composition, %: ash - 4.87; moisture-4.71; volatile-42.02. After roasti...

The solubility of gases in liquid is an important parameter required for the interpretation of rate data in gas-liquid, gas-liquid-liquid and gas-liquid-solid reactions. Gas-liquid mass transfer plays an important role in many industrial processes, e.g. methanol synthesis. The overall rate of gas-phase and gas-liquid phase reactions strongly depends on mass transfer. A large number of solubility data of hydrogen and carbon monoxide in a variety of solvents is available in the literature, but the data on the gas so...

The result of the experimental and analytical researches for the appointment of underground excavations, considering the interdependence with the type of rocks met, the working conditions and the safety of the supports have highlighted that the rational use of the actual types of supports, the improvement of the constructive parameters and the design of new types, as a unitary system, needs to be justified taking into account the study of the mechanism of the interaction. The analyses carried out for the rock cond...

It is known that high molecular weight paraffins are responsible for the settling out of deposits of asphalts, resins, and paraffins (ARP) and the trouble of their removal. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effeciency of narrow straight-run oil fractions by the dissolution of ARP deposits with a different composition of solid paraffins. For the experiment, two ARP samples with a solid paraffin content of 59.0% (Sample 1) and 34.2 % (Sample 2) were taken. Narrow straight-run fractions were selected as t...

Tatarstan is one of the richest regions of Russia in terms of oil deposits. There are more than 100 oilfields with more than 3 000 000 000 tons of oil extracted up to day. The main deposits concentrated in in Devonian and Carbonic deposits, controlled by different genesis traps. Tatarstan is divided into 3 parts by the main rivers пїЅ Volga and Kama. The main oil deposits concentrated in the South-East part (South Tatar arc), while there are almost no oil in the North (North Tatar arc). To understand the structure...

This study reports the assessment of the pollution to urban soil pollution in few major cities of Romania. In the past few years, in all over Romania an increasing trend could be noticed related to the scientific interest for soil contamination due to anthropogenic activities. Nevertheless, a research aiming to assess a quality screening report related to the presence of contaminants in top soils of urban areas due has never been conducted and the public society is deprived of such information in all cities. The a...

Since the beginning of widespread use of plastic its consumption and production has been constantly increasing. As a result of human activity part of waste ends up in our environment and is deposited in each of the elements of the biosphere. These impurities can be in the form of large elements, small particles fragmented to macroscopic level (pellets, facial scrub grains) and the microparticles visible under a microscope. Particularly harmful for the environment are microplastic particles, which can be deposited ...