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The clay consists of the tiniest particles of soil, which have a considerable amount of physical and chemical activity with influence on water and nutrient cycles, observable over several scales. Therefore, the Global Soil Map Project (GSM) has included clay content among the key properties estimated across the world at 100 m resolution. Subsequently, in 2015 the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission produced a clay content map of the soil uppermost layer (called пїЅtopsoilпїЅ), converging towards...

Generally speaking, a software interface may refer to a wide range of different types of interface at different levels: an operating system may interface with pieces of hardware. Nevertheless software interface can be use in order to extract a specific desired data format from a certain amount of data volume. In surveying, once with the topographic electronic equipment evolution, the possibility of getting field data measurements has very much increased as much as data volume but also as data quality. One of the m...

Considering that the EUпїЅs long-term environmental sustainability objective is among the United Nations Millennium Development Goals, this article examines how European horizontal legislation promotes products with a low environmental impact throughout their lifecycle and the provision to consumers of accurate, non-misleading and scientifically accurate information on their environmental impact. The article aims to present the legal instruments developed at European Union level to promote high-performance environ...

Landslides are common and frequent geomorphic phenomena for the plateau regions in Romania having important consequences, especially economic ones, that needs designing scientific and technical plans for landslide risk mitigation. For this, an important preliminary step is assessing and mapping the landslide susceptibility. This paper examines a plateau zone in eastern Romania providing such a map, based on the landslides inventory, the digital elevation model (DEM) and the thematic layers of several factors thoug...

Underground mining operations are inextricably linked to negative impact on the environment. This impact, in particular, may result in the formation of mining damages (various types of terrain deformation) and pollution of the environment. It can also results in long-lasting changes in the landscape and environment. Sustainable management of areas degraded by mining exploitation requires an accurate stocktaking. Authors of this article presented the example of usage of GIS technology to develop a model of supporti...

The application of REACH and LCA systems to the coal waste was presented in this paper. Recent years has brought a growth interest in environmental management systems, which could minimize the negative environmental impact of chemical substances. As a result of that process standards such as REACH and LCA have been developed. Both of those systems are based on different assumptions. LCA refers to the whole life cycle of particular product and in consequence is considered as so-called пїЅfrom cradle to graveпїЅ stu...

Small water reservoirs are considered to be an important part of landscape retention capacity. Historically, such reservoirs occupied much more space in the area of present Czech Republic. According to droughts in recent years, the increase of a number of small water reservoirs is considered to be desirable. The identification of profiles suitable for building new small water reservoirs is one of key points in this field as the amount of financial resources is limited. Usually, the identification is done manually ...

The Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) has been introduced by the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) as a desire to develop a system approach to the problem of the increased CO2 emission level generated by the world fleet. The paper is an attempt to answer the question whether the Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) may be classified as a management system. It also comprises of a comparative analysis of the requirements included in the IMO guidelines regarding developing the SEEMP and...

Related to assuring the sustainability of our human society the technical field is playing an important role, beside the environmental and socio-economic field. Taking into account the technical field in connection with the social one, special attention has to be paid to the field of cartography. This is becoming more relevant than ever regarding assuring the sustainable development on a regional level because of the need of land property clarifications. A lot of progress has been made in the last years in the fie...

Human activity is manifested by continuous changes in space use. Adapting the space to suit ones needs and expectations, human activity is changing physiognomy but also even more often the quality changes of the space. The article presents an attempt how to define the direction and intensity of these changes using developed indicators of environmental quality. The authors attempted to determine the change in the environmental value of the Polish municipalities, taking as input the land cover CLC database. The anal...

The paper deals with city populationпїЅs behavior in public transportation in Olomouc City (Czech Republic) by integration and aggregation of individual characteristics and needs which are estimated on the base of statistical probability calibrated and validated by local survey data at municipality level. The survey data were used with current census data about mobility combined data from information systems of local/central governments or institutions. The questionnaire survey employed the probability sampling on...

The area of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin is covered by many coal-waste dumps, which are the side effect of long-term coal mining on this territory. Unfortunately coal-waste dumps have negative influence on the landscape and they pose a threat to the environment and public health. The control of hazard is very difficult, because it is often underestimated by officials of local and regional administration. Many geoenvironmental databases are incomplete and the credibility of some of their sources is sometimes quest...

This paper aims comparisons of data obtained by different methods of data acquisition. Will present aspects of quality data obtained with Leica total station ultra 802, with GPS equipment from Leica 1200 Series and comparison of these data with altimetry data obtained using LIDAR technology. Measurements were made in ?ag - Par?a area, of Timi? county, on a length of approximately 4 km and over a width of 50 meters left and right from the center. Using LIDAR technology we can realize 3D models, can be detected and ...

This article presents an analysis based on the research conducted by the authors in the rural area targeting the preferences for a certain type of investments depending on local conditions and value system. How manufacturers decide on the type of crops, endowment degree of fermentation is determined by the potential opportunities identified and estimated in a subjective manner, often under an archaic system of values. The consequences of such decisions are found in the reduced production, insufficient needs and th...

The project focuses on the creation of a structure specifically designed to answer the needs of energy efficiency investment financing in the Rhodope Region of Bulgaria. The structure Rhodoshop aims to promote innovative retrofit financing and operational models tailored to local conditions. Rhodoshop activities are based on the concept of a one-stop-shop that provides technical, economic, legal and administrative expertise to develop investment project pipelines for building and street lighting retrofitting in th...

The article deals with the preparation of the Historical Atlas of the Czech Republic. The atlas will include maps displaying important historical events of the 20th century. The project is a follow-up to the successful Academic Atlas of Czech History, published in 2014, within which numerous classical and innovative maps covering selected events of the Czech history were created. The new Historical Atlas of the Czech Republic aims to extend and further develop selected 20-century topics from the Academic Atlas of ...

The main goals of our work were the identification of the reasons of land use types changing and determination of the role of soil cover in land use types changing. Work on interpretation of the land cover of the Chernsky, Plavsky and Arsenyevsky districts of the Tula region on an area of 370 000 ha showed the dynamics of land use. The soil cover of the investigated region is represented by eight major soils: soddy strongly podzolic, soddy moderately podzolic, soddy slightly podzolic, light gray forest soils, gray...

Mathematical modeling of river flow formation processes is the basic research and engineering tool for modern hydrology. Despite a number of undoubted successes in modeling and a fairly wide introduction of models into practice, a number of problems remain that point to the fundamental difficulties of traditional approaches to the problem. The most important among such tasks are: assessment of the regime of extreme hydrological events, primarily floods; Use of hydrological models on unexplored basins; Perspective ...

Digitization and publication of old globes on the Internet allows the public a detailed inspection of globes that are normally encountered only in a limited way. In the collections of memory institutions two forms of globes can be found. In the first case there are the classic spherical globes placed in decorative stands. In the second case the globes are stored as a set of globe prints. Such globe prints usually consist of a series of globe gores and two polar caps. This paper deals with the issue of creating dig...

The article presents practical problems related to mines liquidation. This process is the last stage of mining activity. As a result the reduce of negative environmental impact should be obtained. The aim of the study was to demonstrate the complexity of this investment process. The last mentioned is not limited to environmental problems and also applies to the economic and legal issues. There is no doubt that the activity of extracting minerals from deposits is a source of a whole series of adverse environmental ...

The change in the composition and structure of the formation of demand for factors of production depends on the growth or decline in the economic efficiency of the sale of goods, work, services or from the successful achievement of socio-economic goals. In the first case, replacing some of the resources employed in the production cycles allows the economic entity to get an extra financial effect in the form of profit, and to the state in the form of tax payments. In the second case, the economic effect cannot occu...

The shape of historical ponds dams is important from different points of view such as stability or seepage through the dam body. These are also strongly depending on the internal state of the earth body as the dams are usually built of earth but the shape can help to identify possible problems. The technical documentation of these buildings which could be used to describe the shape is usually missing and the shape can be also modified during the long existence of ponds which can exist already for centuries. There ...

Environment Protection is becoming part of the international and national legislation on human rights. The link between the environment protection and human right is the focus of such paper. Alongside, the paper will raise also the question of environment protection as dispensable mean for the protection of one fundamental right such as the right to life. Indeed, the debate about the relationship between the environment protection and human right at international level is going on for more than forty years. Moreov...

Considering the fact that the production of 1 kg of output in the pharmaceutical sector has a higher environmental impact than the production of 1 kg of output in the chemical industry, this article examines the way in which the specific legislation of the EU regarding medicinal products is adapted to the legislative instruments for the assessment and control of the environmental risks posed by medicinal products for human use during their life cycle, from production and up to the end of their life cycle. The Euro...

The research paper deals with the issues involved in regulating cooperation between the EU and CIS in their space programs. The environmental factor in exploration and use of outer space for peaceful purposes has become extremely urgent in the light of intensified exploration. Analysis of the international legal regulation of the use and protection of outer space was therefore carried out with specific emphasis on the environmental factors. While many agreements containing no clearly expressed conservation nature ...

The university campus is a special place for both staff and students. It is the object of many scientific studies. In this publication the author undertakes to study of efficiency of public transport within the university campus. The study includes determining the availability of the university buildings from public transport network. Base for research is spatial data obtained from student's measurements. The main research method was based on determining the availability of campus buildings on the basis of buffers...

In 2007, we celebrate one decade from the institution, in Romania, of protected natural area as sites of community importance, integrant part of the European Ecologic Network Natura 2000. Along these 10 years, we may observe progress in the management and extension of protected areas and implicitly of the Natura 2000Network in Romania, but also a series of impediments and difficulties in the application of this procedure. In this paperwork, we attempt to analyze the evolution of development and management of the S...

The subject of interest of this paper is regulation of the general use of surface water in the Czech Republic, specifically the question of exceptions to general use of surface water, which are issued in the form of a measure of a general nature (due to the scope and extensiveness of the topic, there is no focus here on regulation of exceptions issued in the form of an administrative decision, when differences between the mentioned ones arise from the very essence of differences between an administrative decision ...

Maps are the fundamental documents supporting the process of crisis management. It is important that the events formed on them were presented in the most credible and legible way. Legible, meaning that they should depict credible spatial information on the basis of presented spatial data. Only such formulation guarantees aid of the highest quality and organisation of actions during crisis situations. They also constitute extremely valuable content showing spatial location of the threats which have already occurred...

With the development of space technologies, satellite information and data from ground geophysical observatories are increasingly being used in scientific studies of various physical processes and, in particular, to identify effects in geophysical fields during periods of seismic activity. In this paper, we recommend to create the geographic information system (GIS) based on modern computer software for collection, processing, visualization and analysis of experimental geophysical terrestrial and satellite data du...

Dendrological inventory and tree management of the academic campus of the University of Warmia ans Mazury in Olsztyn was prepared in 2008. Analysis covers the area of the oldest part of the campus, named Kortowo I (53,5 hectares). During the study, 7676 dendrological objects were inventoried. Documentation was made in the standard that was current for that time, and now all data has been entered into the GIS system. This form of data recording has expanded the possibilities of processing data sets and visualizing ...

The present paper aims to present the possibilities for creating a geographical information system in order to facilitate monitoring of the territory, by real-time analysis and providing local administrative information of interest, as well as for efficiently monitoring the achievement of the objectives of sustainable development in Zlatna locality. Zlatna area has a natural and antrophic capital insufficiently appreciated, promoted and exploited due to the lack of a uniform and efficient approach of all existing ...

Historic parks are an important element of Poland's cultural landscape. Unfortunately many of these entities require urgent conservation intervention. The research presents the possibility of using GIS tools in the process of restoration the facilities. For the analysis were selected parks in Olsztyn, Mortegi, Boze and Patryki. In the article are described selected features of GIS tools that improve the preparing process of restoration projects and limits occured during using this type of software. Restoration of ...

Responsible and successful environmental management is necessary for protecting and restoring the natural environment. The interdependency of the earthпїЅs ecosystems and the human impact on the environment present complex challenges to governments and businesses as well as scientists and environmentalists in every discipline. Environmental contamination due to mining in South Africa gradually draws consideration from decision makers and local residents. Ecological awareness within the mining companies also rises ...

GIS-Based Local Geomorphological Constraints Assessment (A Case Study: Cluj- Napoca Municipality, Romania). This paper deals with the implications of geomorphological constraints on urban sprawl specific to the new residential suburbs of Cluj-Napoca Municipality (Romania). In many cases, the development and the territorial evolution of the urban residential units are conditioned or restricted by the different landforms and slope processes (e.g. landslides). Cluj-Napoca Municipality area has experienced during rece...

The mapping of the archaeological sites from different historical periods and the analysis of their location over the landscape give us the opportunity to obtain an overall picture of human settlement on the territory in times past. A region located in the valley of the river Ortolyk (South-Eastern Altai, Russia) was selected as an example. In order to analyse landscape location of the archaeological sites the archaeological and landscape maps were created by use of the program ArcGIS 10.1. The cartographic method...

Article describes the problematics of GNSS systems (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) and its use for creating an approach procedure for airport Nitra JanпїЅkovce. Paper is divided into four parts. First chapter devotes itself to general description of GNSS systems, specifically their history and technical characteristics of three the most widely known satellite navigation systems, including GPS, GLONASS and GALILEO, addicting also to the systems that make GNSS signal of these navigation systems more precise. T...

Homogenization and geometric accuracy improvement of the heterogeneous geospatial data is possible by means of application of the adaptive transformation model and transformation model based on the radial basis functions. This can be achieved if the transformation models are based on a sufficient number of the adequate identical points that contain reliable information on the non-uniform and irregularly distributed positional distortions. Accuracy of the transformation final results depends on the choice of the tr...

INSPIRE directive describes how infrastructure for spatial information in European community should be developed. The directive provides standard (implementing rules) for European Union member statesпїЅ spatial data to ensure that spatial data is compatible in trans-boundary context. The directive covers 34 themes in 3 annexes, including such themes as: Agricultural and aquaculture facilities, Energy Resources, Environmental monitoring Facilities, Mineral Resources, Production and industrial facilities, Sea region...

The current article presents two map projections used in Romania mainly for military purposes, namely Lambert-Cholesky (from 1917 to 1931) and Gauss-KrпїЅger (from 1955 to 1971). After a brief description of their individual characteristics and particularities of application in our country, a comparison of the distortions produced by both projections was presented in order to emphasise their various advantages. The accuracy of relief representation using contour lines on maps drawn to scales of 1:20,000 and 1:25,0...

In recent years one may observe a rapidly growing demand for spatial information used in the decision-making processes concerning the functioning of States and the quality of citizensпїЅ life. The number of institutions that record data as well as the quantity of information also constantly keeps growing. Official databases containing spatial information are created and run in Poland and the Topographic objects database (BDOT10k) is one of the basic databases covering an area of the whole country. An essential com...

Protected areas have been created to limit or remove the man and nature harmful intervention on the existing flora and fauna. The research work has been focused on a protected area from Dobrogea, where there is an acute need for intervention, in order to save the existing rare species of plants. A permanent monitoring of the evolution of these species and other floral species must be done permanently, to see the effect of invasive species on rare ones. Effective monitoring of the studied area has been carried out ...

This paper presents a case study regarding the GIS applications on the slopes with frequent erosion processes in depth. Monitoring the gullies consists in identifying them in the land, their positioning on the map, their classification and recording according to several indicators and following their evolution in time. The study is carried out in a water catchment area of 4,665 ha in Berheci Superior, Bacau county, Romania. By using ortophoplanes, satellite images or air-photograms (in some cases) and the document...

There are summarized findings from research-and-development (R&D) study of environmental communication (EC) development in Liepaja town municipality, based on case studies research methodics following applications during 2006пїЅ2015, and, summarizing, all stakeholders semi-structured interviews conducted in 2016. Liepaja is one of the most active pro-environmentally oriented municipalities in Latvia, where the complete collaboration communication model approach of all four EC complementary instruments has been int...

Network methods were used for the first time to plan and control maintenance works on a chemical apparatus installation in the United States in 1956. These were simple methods improving project management. The development of the network structures would not have been possible without the technological progress which has been taking place over the last half a century. Complicated networks can be programmed during a short period of time thanks to high computing power. Network models can be currently used for the sim...

The relief, as genetic factor and пїЅsupportпїЅ on which the grassland areas are engrafted on, may be equally considered the major decisive element for vegetationпїЅs type, aspect and consistency, through altitude, slope and orientation. This study will highlight the influence exerted on grassland areas by relief factors, in mountain and sub-mountain regions, and subsequently it will determine the differentiated landscaping пїЅnormsпїЅ in concordance with the singularity of each analyzed sector. The grassland asse...

This study focused on developing a multilevel system of spatial analysis of different types of data to model forest cover. We built a map of forest growth conditions using field data, climatic and morphometric parameters. Landsat images were classified with the help of a forest inventory and field database in order to map of current forest cover. Using Knowledge Engineer Module (ERDAS Imagine), we developed a knowledge base intended for modeling forest regeneration series from a spatial combination of the maps of ...

The paper deals with the topics related to the construction of buildings and facilities in the selected mining areas and protected areas of mineral deposits which purpose both relates or does not relate to the mining activities. Buildings and facilities are within the territory of the Slovak Republic. The initial part of the article will briefly describe the issues connected with building industry challenges in such areas but the major objective is the analysis of opportunities for construction of similar faciliti...

With a cultivated area of over 2x108ha, wheat is the largest crop worldwide by cultivated surface. For wheat crops, the production suffers loss caused by weeds, and depending on the weeding level, the fertilization level can surpass 50% (1). Weed management is just one of the technological components present in any crop technology. Given the biological particularities, wheat crop is mainly weeded with dicotyledonous species. The objective of this paper is the comparative evaluation of the classic method for determ...

This paper reviews the main transborder issues on the territory of Commonwealth of Independent States (former USSR) of principally associated with natural and human induced hazards involving waste contamination from extractive industries. The Soviet Union included 15 states that had unified political and economic system. In 1991, after the collapse of the USSR, on the territory of the previously united country, were formed 15 independent states, respectively new boundaries were shaped, and existing environmental p...